1.

Concentrated winding differ from distributed winding with the concern of _________
a) identical magnetic axis
b) two magnetic axis
c) no magnetic axis
d) physical spacing
2. DC machines have ________ windings and synchronous machines use ______ windings.
a) closed,open
b) open, closed
c) open, open
d) closed, closed
3. We can place closed windings in _________
a) ac commutator machine
b) stepper motor
c) ac machine
d) dc machine
4. Which of the following machines can be used to place open slot winding?
a) ac machine
b) ac commutator machine, ac machine
c) dc machines
d) all of the mentioned
5. The simplex lap winding has the range of winding pitch of _________
a) (-2,2)
b) (-1,1)
c) more than 2
d) less than 1
6. The commutator pitch for a simplex lap winding is equal to _________
a) 1 and -1
b) 1
c) -1
d) 2 to -2
7. A 200V dc machine has 4 poles and 40 coils, having simplex lap winding. The number of
commutator segments which required in the given machine will be?
a) 40
b) 20
c) 80
d) 26
8. Commutator segments in a DC shunt machine is equal to the number of _________
a) coil sides
b) turns
c) coils
d) slots
9. We can employ dummy coils in a DC machine to _________
a) compensate reactance voltage
b) reduce armature reaction
c) provide mechanical balance to the armature
d) improve the waveforms generated inside the commutator
10. In AC machines we should prefer double layer winding over single layer windings because
_________
a) it requires identical coils
b) it is economical to use
 c) it offers lower leakage reactance
d) all of the mentioned
11. For an electrical machine with C number of coils and P poles, the distance between the coils
connected by an equalizer ring is?
a) C/P
b) C/2
c) 2C/P
d) C/2P
12. With a P-pole DC machine with armature current Ia, the current per brush arm for a lap connected
windings is?
a) Ia/P
b) Ia/2P
c) 2Ia/P
d) Ia/4P
13. For a given dc machine it is advised to use the dummy windings for a stable operation. But if it has
be replaced as it unused component in the machine, then we must _________
a) S/P/2 should not be an integer
b) S/P/2 should be integer
c) S/P should be integer
d) S/P should not be an integer
14. While doing regular checks on the dc machine with the lap connected winding, it is reported to
have ammeter fluctuations, this can be due to _________
a) different air gaps under poles
b) variable reluctances in the core
c) irregular design deformations
d) all of the mentioned
15. A 6-pole lap wound DC generator has a developed power of P watts and brush voltage of E volts.
Three adjacent brushes of the machine had been found worn out and got open circuited. If the
machine is operated with the remaining brushes, voltage and power that could be obtained from
the machine are _________
a) E, P
b) E, 2P/3
c) E/P, 2P/3
d) E, P/3
16. Consider a dc machine having its armature wound in lap fashion having 12 coils and each
resistance 0.1 ohms. If it is measured resistance between two adjacent commutator segments, the
result will be _________
a) 0.092 ohms
b) 1.1 ohms
c) 1.8 ohms
d) 0.92 ohms
17. The primary and secondary of a transformer are ________ coupled but _______ connected.
a) magnetically, not electrically
b) electrically, not magnetically
c) magnetically, also magnetically
d) electrically, also electrically
18. 2. We can employ transformers for a power range of _________
a) lower and higer values
b) lower values
 c) higher values
d) medium values
19. A transformer has comparitively much higher efficiency than a similar induction machine due to
_________
a) small air gaps
b) no moving parts
c) strong coupling
d) all of the mentioned
20. It was needed that to isolate dc noise coming from the transmitted signal, to attain the same which
machine can be used without suffering significant loss?
a) transformer
b) dc machine
c) induction machine
d) stepper motor
21. Which is the most widely used material in the core of the transformer?
a) cold rolled grain oriented sheet steel
b) cold rolled grain steel
c) soft iron
d) steel
22. The leakage flux is the flux in side the transformer which?
a) links either of the windings
b) links both of the windings
c) yoke of the core
d) windows of the core
23. It is advised that staggering of the butt joints _________
a) reduces reluctance of the path
b) increases air gap
c) increases mechanical strength
d) all of the mentioned
24. Consider two transformers X and Y having exact ratings, but have flux densities of 1.5T and 2T
respectively. The weight of the transformer A per KVA will be _________
a) more than that of B
b) lesser than that of B
c) equal to that of B
d) can not be said from the given data
25. Consider two transformers X and Y having identical ratings, but have flux densities of 1.5T and 2T
respectively. The weight of the transformer B per KVA will be _________
a) more than that of A
b) lesser than that of A
c) equal to that of A
d) can not be said from the given data
26. Transformers do not require any type of cooling as it well ventilated.
a) True
b) False
27. A coupling magnetic field inside a rotating machine or static machine like transformers must
involve with _________
a) mechanical parts
b) electrical parts
c) both electrical and mechanical
d) either of the electrical or mechanical parts
28. A coupling magnetic field inside a rotating machine or static machine like transformers must involve with
_________
I. electrical system to extract energy from electrical system.
II. mechanical system to extract energy from electrical system.
a) Only I is true
b) Only II is true
c) I and II are true
d) I and II are false

29. I. Pulse transformers use soft ferrites.

II. The transformers used in the radio recievers use air core.
a) Only I is true
b) Only II is true
c) I and II are true
d) I and II are false
30. Stepping of the core is implemented in the core to _________
a) reduce conductor material and copper losses
b) reduce core loss
c) to provide mechanical strength
d) to reduce magnetizing current
31. Core type transformers have, LV and HV windings are arranged such that _________
a) Half LV near the core and half HV outside LV on each limb
b) LV one one limb and HV on the other
c) Half LV outside the core and half HV inside LV on each limb
d) LV and HV windings are sandwiched
32. The shell type transformers have, LV and HV windings are arranged such that _________
a) Half LV near the core and half HV outside LV on each limb
b) LV one one limb and HV on the other
c) Half LV outside the core and half HV inside LV on each limb
d) LV and HV windings are sandwiched
33.  Which of the following statements support the ideal transformer features?
I. Zero winding resistance
II. Zero leakage flux
III. Constant core losses
a) I, II
b) III
c) I, III
d) I, II, III
34.  Which of the following statements support the ideal transformer features?
I. Zero winding resistance
II. Zero leakage flux
III. Negligible core losses
a) I, II, III
b) III
c) I, III
d) I
35. Which of the following statements support the ideal transformer features?
I. Zero winding resistance
II. Constant permeability
III. Constant core losses
 a) I, II
b) III
c) I, III
d) I
36.  Which of the following statements support the ideal transformer features?

I. Zero winding resistance

II. Constant permeability
III. Constant core losses
Iv. Zero leakage reactance
a)I,II,III,IV
b)III,IV
c)I,III
d) I,IV

37. Which of the following statements support the ideal transformer features?

I. Variable winding reactance

II. Constant permeability
III. Constant core losses
a) I, II
b) III
c) II, III
d) I
38. The voltage induced at the end of primary terminals of a two winding transformer consisting of N
turns is?
a) -N*dϕ/dt
b) N*dϕ/dt
c) -dϕ/dt
d) -N*dt/dϕ
39. Identify the phasor diagram for an ideal transformer at no load.

a) 
b) 

c) 

d) 
40.  Consider a 2-winding transformer as below. If the switch is open then the emf induced across the
load ‘Zl’ having transformation ratio of 2 is?
a) zero
b) V1
c) V1/2
d) 2*V1
41.  Consider a 2-winding transformer as below. If the switch is open then the emf induced across the
secondary having transformation ratio of 2 is?
a) zero
b) V1
c) V1/2
d) 2*V1
42. Consider a 2-winding transformer as below. If the switch is kept open then the emf induced across
the secondary having transformation ratio of ‘2’ is?

a) zero
b) 2E1
c) E/2
d) E1
43. Which of the following statement is true?

I. Core flux in an ideal transformer remains constant.

II. Core flux is independent of the load current.

a)I
b)II
c)I,II
d) none of the mentioned

44.  If it is happened to place an inductive load to a two winding transformer, then the phasor diagram
for such a loading will be?
a) 

b) 
 c) 

d) 
45. Which of the following assumptions about the transformer supports the fact that the instantaneous
power input and output of a transformer is equal?

I. Zero winding resistance

II. Constant permeability

III. Constant core losses

Iv. Zero leakage reactance

a)I,II,III,IV
b)III,IV
c)I,III
d) I,IV
46. Which of the following statements are incorrect for an ideal transformer?

I. Voltages - inverse ratio

II. Current - direct ratio

III. Impedance - direct ratio squared

Iv. Power - remains same

a)I,II,III,IV
b)III,IV
c)I,II
d) I,IV

47. Which of the following statements are correct for an ideal transformer?

I. Voltages - Direct ratio

II. Current - Inverse ratio

III. Impedance - Direct ratio squared

Iv. Power - Remains same

a)I,II,III,IV
b)III,IV
c)I,III
d) I,IV

48. Which of the following statements are correct for an ideal transformer?

I. Voltages - inverse ratio

II. Current - direct ratio

III. Impedance - direct ratio squared

Iv. KVA - remains same

a)I,II,III,IV
b)III,IV
c)I,III
d) I,IV
 This set of DC Machines Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Armature Winding and Commutator”.

1. Armature winding is mounted on a __________

a) Stator
b) Rotor
c) Can be mounted anywhere on stator or rotor
d) Not required
Answer: b
Explanation: A DC machine is a heteropolar structure with stationary poles and the rotating armature. Field coil is
mounted on stator. In an AC machine armature winding is located at rotor while field coil is located at stator. An
‘armature’ is a moving part as it a ‘rotor’.
2. In a DC machine, how coil-side emf varies towards the outer side of poles?
a) Decreases
b) Remains same
c) Increases
d) First increases the decreases
Answer: a
Explanation: Coil side current pattern is the same as the emf pattern. Only difference is that while the coil-side emf
reduces towards the outer side of poles, the current remains the same in all the coil-sides except for alterations from
pole to pole, while the coil side current reverses, the current exchanged with external circuit must be unidirectional.
3. Commutator performs rectification so that output of the machine is unidirectional.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Since it is a DC machine the generated output must be DC. Any electrical machine works on induced emf
concept which is AC in nature. Commutator and brush assembly of the DC machine performs the mechanical
rectification process so; induced AC is converted into DC(Unidirectional).
4. What is the difference of DC voltages in the adjoining Brushes?
a) Depends on the Shaft speed
b) Zero
c) Non-zero
d) Depends on the various other parameters
Answer: b
Explanation: Brushes are located electrically in the magnetically neutral region. Due to their location adjoining brushes
are at constant DC voltage and the coil in series between the constitute one parallel path.
5. What is the effect of armature coils at points where brushes are located?
a) Induces positive emf
b) Induces negative emf
c) Induces zero emf
d) Depends on the speed of rotor
Answer: c
Explanation: Brushes are at magnetically neutral region hence, induced emf due to armature coils at brushes will be
equal to zero. As in the magnetically neutral region change in flux will be equal to the zero, emf will not be induced
(Faraday’s law).
6. As the armature rotates, the number of coils in series tapped by the brush pairs_________
a) Remains same
b) Increases
c) Decreases
d) Depends on rotor speed and direction of torque
Answer: a
Explanation: Brushes are located electrically in magnetically neutral region. Adjoining brush pairs are at constant DC
voltage and the number of coils tapped by brush pairs also remain constant. Their disposition relative to the poles is the
same.
7. Coil span for 4-pole, 12-slot armature winding is_______
a) 24
b) 48
c) 8
d) 3
Answer: d
Explanation: Coil span is defined as a ratio of number of slots in the armature winding which are also equal to the
number of commutator segments to the number of poles. Here, Slots in the armature winding= 12, Number of poles= 4.
YCS= 12/4= 3.
8. What is the nature of the coils when YCS value is non-integral?
a) Long-pitched
b) Medium-pitched
c) Short-pitched
d) Can’t be determined by YCS value
Answer: c
Explanation: Coil-side voltages around the coil are additive most of the time (except when coil-sides lie near the
magnetic neutral region). Thus YCS= Nearest lower integer, which means that for non-integral S/P, the coils are short-
pitched.
9. For a 2-pole DC machine with coil span equal to 6, what are the number of commutator segments?
a) 3
b) 12
c) 4
d) 8
Answer: b
Explanation: Coil span is defined as a ratio of number of slots in the armature winding which are also equal to the
number of commutator segments to the number of poles. Here, Number of poles= 2, Slots in the armature winding= S=
P* YCS. Here, YCS= 6, P=2. Thus S=12. C=S=Number of commutator segments.
10. When coil sides are pole pitch apart, the DC armature winding is called as ___________
a) Multiplex
b) Fractional-pitch
c) Full-pitch
d) Pole-pitch
Answer: c
Explanation: Pole pitch is called as center to center distance between two adjacent poles. When measured in electrical
degrees one pole itch is equal to 1800. Coil span is simply a peripheral distance between two sides of a coil. If the coil
span is equal to the pole pitch, then the armature winding is said to be full pitched coil.
This set of DC Machines Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Lap Winding”.

1. Resultant pitch in the lap winding is__________

a) Depends on Yb value
b) Depends on Yf value
c) Depends on Yb and Yf value
d) Always equal to 2
Answer: d
Explanation: In a lap winding the “finish” of one coil is connected to “start” of the adjoining coil. The coil side
displacement of the front-end connection is called the front-pitch. The coil side displacement of the back-end
connection is called the back-pitch. Resultant-pitch is equal to difference between Yb and Yf which is equal to 2,
irrespective of Yb and Yf value.
2. What is the condition of retrogressive winding?
a) Yb > Yf
b) Yb < Yf
c) Yb = Yf
d) No condition in bterms of Yb and Yf
Answer: b
Explanation: The coil side displacement of the front-end connection is called the front-pitch. The coil side displacement
of the back-end connection is called the back-pitch. The direction in which the winding progresses depends upon which
is more, Yb or Yf. For retrogressive winding Yb < Yf .
3. What is the value of Yb for a lap winding with a 4-pole, 12-slot armature with two coil sides/slot. Assume single-turns
coils.
a) 3
b) 5
c) 7
d) 9
Answer: c
Explanation: Coil span is defined as a ratio of number of slots in the armature winding which are also equal to the
number of commutator segments to the number of poles. Here, Slots in the armature winding= 12, Number of poles= 4.
YCS= 12/4= 3.
Yb = 2YCS +1= 7.
4. What is the value of Yf for a lap winding with a 4-pole, 12-slot armature with two coil sides/slot? (Assume single-turns
coils – progressive winding)
a) 3
b) 5
c) 7
d) 9
Answer: b
Explanation: Coil span is defined as a ratio of number of slots in the armature winding which are also equal to the
number of commutator segments to the number of poles. Here, Slots in the armature winding= 12, Number of poles= 4.
YCS= 12/4= 3.
Yb = 2YCS +1= 7
Yf =Yb – 2= 7-2= 5.
5. Equalizer rings are needed in lap winding.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Explanation: Each parallel path in lap winding is under the influence of one pair of poles, so if a machine consists of
multiple pairs of poles then dissimilarities occurs, due to which unequal voltages may be induced in the paths and a
circulating current may flow. In wave winding each path is under the influence of all poles, so voltages are induced in
each path causing no such dissimilarities like lap winding. Equalizers in lap windings are used to remove this dissimilarity,
they’re not needed in wave winding.
6. What is the symmetry requirement of lap winding?
a) 2C/P= 0
b) 2C/P= integer
c) 2C/P= non-integer
d) Can’t express mathematically
Answer: b
Explanation: To avoid no-load circulating currents and certain consequential commutation problems, all the parallel
paths must be identical so as to have the same number of coil-sides. Symmetry thus requires ratio of 2C/P is equal to the
integer. Also, US/P equal to integer represents the same.
7. What is the relation between number of parallel paths(A) and number of poles(P)?
a) A = P
b) A < P
c) A > P
d) No relation exists
Answer: a
Explanation: Complex winding can be divided into different parallel paths lying under different pole pairs. It is, therefore,
concluded that the number if parallel paths is equal to the number of poles. In wave winding number of parallel paths is
equal to 2.
8. Current flowing through the armature conductors Ic is related to total current Ia by_______
a) Ic = A Ia
b) Ic = Ia/A
c) Ic = A2 Ia
d) Ic = A/Ia
Answer: b
Explanation: Two positive and two negative brushes are respectively connected in parallel for feeding the external
circuit. As per the ring diagram Ia splits into the number of poles equally. Poles = Parallel paths. Thus, Ic = Ia /A.
9. Value of commutator pitch in lap winding is_____
a) +2
b) +1 or -1
c) -2
d) Different for different parameters
Answer: b
Explanation: Two ends of coil are connected across the adjacent commutator segments. Depending on the type of
winding that is, retrogressive or progressive, we have two values for commutator pitch.
For progressive winding, commutator pitch = +1. For retrogressive winding, commutator pitch = -1.
10. What is the value of Yf for a lap winding with a 4-pole, 12 commutator segments, with two coil sides/slot.?
(Assume single-turns coils -retrogressive winding).
a) 9
b) 3
c) 11
d) 5
Answer: a
Explanation: Coil span is defined as a ratio of number of slots in the armature winding which are also equal to the
number of commutator segments to the number of poles. Here, Slots in the armature winding= Number of commutator
segments= 12, Number of poles= 4.
YCS= 12/4= 3.
Yb = 2YCS +1= 7
Yf =Yb + 2= 7+2= 9.
This set of DC Machines Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Wave Winding”.

1. What will be the value of “Yf + Yb” for a wave winding?

a) Equal to Yc
b) Half of the Yc value
c) Double of the Yc value
d) Four times Yc value
Answer: c
Explanation: In the wave winding, as the number of coil-sides is double the number of segments, the top coil-side of the
second coil will be numbered as (1+2*Yc). After numbering other coil sides,
1 + 2*Yc – Yf = 1+ Yb
So Yf + Yb = 2Yc.
2. For a progressive wave winding Yc = ______
a) 2C/P
b) 2(C+1)/P
c) 2(C-1)/P
d) 2C/(P+1)
Answer: b
Explanation: Starting at segment 1 and after going through P/2 coils or Yc (P/2) segments, the winding should end in
segment 2 for progressive winding or segment (C) for retrogressive winding. That is mathematically,
Yc (P/2) = (C+1)
Yc = 2(C+1)/P
3. Number of parallel paths in wave winding are ______
a) Equal to P
b) Equal to P/2
c) 2
d) Depends on other parameters
Answer: c
Explanation: In wave winding all coils are divided into 2 groups- all coils carrying clockwise current are series connected
and so are all coils with counter-clockwise current- and these 2 groups are in parallel because the winding is closed.
Thus, a wave winding has 2 parallel paths irrespective of number of poles.
4. What is the spacing between the brushes for a wave winding when a machine is 6-pole DC armature with 16 slots
having 2-coil sides per slot and single-turn coils.
a) 4 segments
b) 8 segments
c) 16 segments
d) 12 segments
Answer: b
Explanation: Only 2 brushes are required in this case as the number of poles in wave winding is equal to 2. So, spacing
between the brushes is equal to total number of segments i.e. total slots divided by 2. Spacing between brushes = C/A =
16/2 = 8 segments.
5. What is the relation between conductor current and armature current in wave winding?
a) Ic = Ia
b) Ic = 2Ia
c) Ic = 4Ia
d) Ic = Ia/2
Answer: d
Explanation: the number of parallel paths in the in a wave winding is equal to 2. So, armature current will get divided
equally into total number of conductors/paths. Conductor current in a wave wounded machine is half of the Ia.

6. For a conductor current equal to 4mA, Current carried by a particular brush in a 2-pole machine will be _____
a) 16mA
b) 8mA
c) 2mA
d) 10mA
Answer: b
Explanation: Conductor current in a wave wounded machine is half of the Ia. So, Ia= 8mA. All positive and all negative
brushes are respectively connected in parallel to feed the external circuit. Thus, IBRUSH = Ia /(P/2). Solving we get Brush
current = 8mA.
7. Equalizer rings are needed in the wave winding.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The armature coil forms 2 parallel paths under the influence of all pole-pairs so that the effect of the
magnetic circuit asymmetry is equally present in both the parallel paths resulting in equal parallel-path voltages. Thus,
equalizer rings are not needed in wave winding.
8. For a wave winding when a machine is 6-pole DC armature with 16 slots having 2-coil sides per slot and single-turn
coil, Yf value is ____
a) 5
b) 3
c) 2
d) 7
Answer: a
Explanation: Ycs = 16/6 = 2 slots (nearest lower integral value)
Yb= 2*2+1 = 5
Yc= 2(16-1)/6 = 5 segments
Yf = 2Yc – Yb = 5.
9. Wave winding machines are used in ______ currents applications.
a) High
b) Moderate
c) Low
d) Can be used anywhere
Answer: c
Explanation: Lap winding machine has the advantage of large number of parallel paths and lower conductor current and
is therefore used in low voltage and high current applications. Wave winding has fixed number of parallel paths so, wave
wounded machine is used in low currents application.
10. For a wave wounded machine number of brushes for small, large machines respectively is ________ _________
a) 2, 2
b) 4, 2
c) 2, P
d) Both values depend on the given conditions
Answer: c
Explanation: For a small wave wounded machine number of parallel paths are 2, thus 2 brushes are used. For a large
machine total number of brushes is equal to the total number of poles. The spacing between adjacent brushes is C/P
commutator segments.