The American Occupation in The Philippines: Presented by LIKHA

The
American
Occupation
in the
Philippines
Presented by LIKHA
AMERICAN
COLONIZATION OF
THE PHILIPPINES
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
WHICH STARTED IN CUBA,
CHANGED THE HISTORY OF THE
PHILIPPINES.
ON MAY 1, 1898, THE
AMERICANS LED BY U.S. NAVY
ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY, IN
PARTICIPATION OF EMILIO
AGUINALDO, ATTACKED THE
SPANISH NAVY IN MANILA BAY.
FACED WITH DEFEAT, THE
PHILIPPINES WAS CEDED TO
THE UNITED STATES BY SPAIN
IN 1898 AFTER A PAYMENT OF
US$ 20 MILLION TO SPAIN IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE
"TREATY OF PARIS" ENDING THE
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.
ON JUNE 12, 1898,
FILIPINOS LED BY EMILIO
AGUINALDO DECLARE
INDEPENDENCE.
THIS DECLARATION WAS
OPPOSED BY THE U.S.
WHO HAD PLANS OF
TAKING OVER THE
COLONY.. AND THIS LED
TO A GUERRILLA WAR
AGAINST THE
AMERICANS.
THE PHILIPPINE-
AMERICAN WAR
(1898 – 1946)
Hostilities broke out on
February 4,1899, after two
American private son
patrol killed three Filipino
soldiers in San Juan, a
Manila suburb.
This incident sparked the

Philippine-American War,
which would cost far more
money and took far more
lives than the Spanish–
American War.
SOME 126,000 AMERICAN SOLDIERS
WOULD BE COMMITTED TO THE CONFLICT;
4,234 AMERICANS DIED, AS DID 16,000
FILIPINO SOLDIERS WHO WERE PART OF A
NATIONWIDE GUERRILLA MOVEMENT OF
INDETERMINATE NUMBERS.
AT LEAST 34,000 FILIPINOS LOST THEIR

LIVES AS A DIRECT RESULT OF THE WAR,
AND AS MANY AS 200,000MAY HAVE DIED
AS A RESULT OF THE CHOLERA EPIDEMIC
AT THE WAR' S END. ATROCITIES WERE
COMMITTED BY BOTH SIDES.
Aguinaldo dissolved the
regular army in November
1899 and ordered the
establishment of
decentralized guerrilla
commands in each of
several military zones.
The revolution was

effectively ended with the
capture (1901) of
Aguinaldo by Gen.
Frederick Funston at
Palanan, Isabela on March
23, 1901 and was brought
to Manila.
FREE TRADE, ESTABLISHED BY AN
20
ACT OF 1909, WAS EXPANDED IN
1913.
INFLUENCED OF THE USELESSNESS OF

FURTHER RESISTANCE, HE SWORE
ALLEGIANCE TO THE UNITED STATES
AND ISSUED A PROCLAMATION CALLING
ON HIS COMPATRIOTS TO LAY DOWN
THEIR ARMS, OFFICIALLY BRINGING AN
END TO THE WAR.
HOWEVER, SPORADIC INSURGENT
RESISTANCE CONTINUED IN VARIOUS
PARTS OF THE PHILIPPINES,
ESPECIALLY IN THE MUSLIM SOUTH,
UNTIL 1913.
U.S. COLONY
CIVIL GOVERNMENT WAS
ESTABLISHED BY THE
AMERICANS IN 1901, WITH
WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT
AS THE FIRST AMERICAN
GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF
THE PHILIPPINES.
English was declared the official
language.
Six hundred American teachers were
imported aboard the USS Thomas.
ALSO, THE CATHOLIC
CHURCH WAS
DISESTABLISHED, AND A
SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNT OF
CHURCH LAND WAS
PURCHASED AND
REDISTRIBUTED.
SOME MEASURES OF
FILIPINO SELF-RULE WERE
ALLOWED, HOWEVER. AN
ELECTED FILIPINO
LEGISLATURE WAS
ESTABLISHED IN 1907.
CONSEQUENCES OF
THE AMERICAN
COLONIAL RULE
DURING THE SPANISH PERIOD
THE SPANIARDS HAD GIVEN
ENORMOUS LAND PROPERTIES
TO THE CATHOLIC CHURCH.
ONE OF THE FIRST THINGS THE
AMERICANS DID WAS TO TAKE
CARE FOR THE REDISTRIBUTION
OF THIS LAND PROPERTIES.
TO DO SO THEY FIRST HAD TO

PAY AN AMOUNT OF US
$7.2MILLION TO THE VATICAN
IN 1904.
CONSEQUENCES OF THE AMERICAN
COLONIAL RULE The small farmers or
tenants didn't get any land
however. The land became
property of some large
landowners.
MOST OF THE SMALL FARMERS COULDN'T
PAY THE ASKED PRICE OR COULDN'T
PROVE THAT THEY WERE THE FORMER
OWNERS OF THE LAND.
THE ROAD TOWARDS
PHILIPPINE
INDEPENDENCE
JONE'S LAW
THE LAW WAS TO APPROVED BY
PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON
AFTER IT WAS PROPOSED BY
WILLIAM ATKINSON JONES, AN
AMERICAN CONGRESSMAN.
◦ THE LAW STATED THE RIGHT OF THE

FILIPINOS TO ATTAIN FREEDOM IN THE
NEAR FUTURE.
THE PHILIPPINE AUTONOMY ACT,
WIDELY KNOWN AS THE JONES
LAW , WAS PASSED BY THE U. S.
CONGRESS.
THE LAW WHICH SERVED AS THE NEW
ORGANIC ACT (OR CONSTITUTION) FOR THE
PHILIPPINES, STATED IN ITS PREAMBLE THAT
THE ULTIMATE INDEPENDENCE OF THE
PHILIPPINES WOULD BE AMERICAN POLICY,
SUBJECT TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A
STABLE GOVERNMENT.
The law placed executive power in
the Governor General of the
THE PHILIPPINE AUTONOMY ACT
Philippines, appointed by the

President of the United States, but
established a bicameral Philippine
Legislature to replace the elected
Philippine Assembly (lower
house)and appointive Philippine
Commission (upper house)
previously in place.
The Filipino House of
THE PHILIPPINE AUTONOMY ACT
Representatives would be purely

elected, while the new Philippine
Senate would have the majority of
its member selected by senatorial
district with senators representing
non-Christian areas appointed by
the Governor-General.
In 1934, the United States Congress, having originally passed the
Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act as a Philippine Independence Act over
President Hoover's refusal, only to have the law rejected by the
Philippine legislature, finally passed a new Philippine Independence
Act, popularly known as the Tydings-McDuffie Act.
The law provided for the granting of Philippine independence by 1946.

TYDINGS-
MCDUFFIE ACT
THIS LAW WAS PROPOSED
BY MILLIARD TYDINGS
AND CONGRESSMAN JOHN
MCDUFFIE OF THE US.
◦ It stated the 10-year preparation

for the Philippine independence
through a commonwealth
government.
THE
COMMONWEALTH
GOVERNMENT
THE HARE-HAWES CUTTING ACT, PASSED BY
CONGRESS IN 1932,PROVIDED FOR COMPLETE
INDEPENDENCE OF THE ISLANDS IN 1945
AFTER 10 YEARS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT
UNDER U.S. SUPERVISION.
THE BILL HAD BEEN DRAWN UP WITH THE AID

OF A COMMISSION FROM THE PHILIPPINES,
BUT MANUEL L. QUEZON, THE LEADER OF THE
LEADING NATIONALIST PARTY, OPPOSED IT,
PARTIALLY BECAUSE OF ITS THREAT OF
AMERICAN TARIFFS AGAINST PHILIPPINE
PRODUCTS BUT PRINCIPALLY BECAUSE OF THE
PROVISIONS LEAVING NAVAL BASES IN U.S.
HANDS.
ON MAY 14, 1935, AN
ELECTION TO FILL THE
NEWLY CREATED OFFICE OF
PRESIDENT OF THE
COMMONWEALTH OF THE
PHILIPPINES WAS WON BY
MANUEL L.
QUEZON(NACIONALISTA
PARTY) AND A FILIPINO
GOVERNMENT WAS FORMED
ON THE BASIS OF
PRINCIPLES APPARENTLY
SIMILAR TO THE US
CONSTITUTION.
WHEN QUEZON WAS INAUGURATED
ON NOV. 15, 1935, THE
COMMONWEALTH WAS FORMALLY
ESTABLISHED IN 1935, FEATURED A
VERY STRONG EXECUTIVE, A
UNICAMERAL NATIONAL ASSEMBLY,
AND A SUPREME COURT COMPOSED
ENTIRELY OF FILIPINOS FOR THE
FIRST TIME SINCE 1901.
CHANGES DURING
THE AMERICAN
PERIOD
GOVERNMENT RELIGION
Democracy – the greatest legacy Protestantism was introduced. More or
the Americans gave us. less than 300,000 Filipinos became
protestant.
3 Branches: Executive (president), There was a separation of the church
Legislative (senate and congress), and state.
Freedom of religion was practiced.
Judiciary (DOJ)
EDUCATION ATTITUDE
Public schools were opened up. First Filipinos became more frank, and more
teachers were called: Thomasites,
humorous.
because they came on board the USS
We developed a stronger beliefs in
Thomas.
rights and freedom.
Medium of instruction: English.
Schools established: University of the “Pagmamano” was replaced by kissing
Philippines, Philippine Normal College and the cheeks of parents and elders as a
Other agricultural schools sign of respect.
I NF R A S T R UCT UR E
Transportation and
Communication was improved.
American built roads, streets, and
bridges.
The new infrastructure helped
make the movement of products
and services more efficient.
Boulevards, zone districts, and
centers of leisure were also
established.
ENTERTAINMENT LIVELIHOOD
Hollywood Movies became more Philippine Economy improved.
popular. Increased in Agricultural
New kinds of music and dance
production.
were introduced like rock n roll,
Development of new
boogie, jazz, tango, chacha, polka,
and rhumba. industries.
LANGUAGE
HEALTH AND
SANITATION The English language was widely
taught all over the country. Soon
Filipinos learned the value of
some English words became part of
cleanliness, and healthy practices.
our vocabulary.
They were taught proper hygiene to
Filipinos adopted American names
make them healthy and be free from
like Charlie, Anna, Francis, and
contagious diseases.
Cherry.
MEN WOMEN
SUITS, POLO DRESSES, HIGH-
SHIRTS, TIES, HEELED SHOES,
AND JEANS AND HANDBAGS
FOOD
NEGATIVE IMPACT
OF THE AMERICAN
COLONIZATION
COLONIAL MENTALITY
Respectful Filipino ways of greeting were

replaced by merely saying “hi” or “hello”.
FILIPINOS STARTED TO PREFER

WHITE-COLLAR JOBS
Traditional Filipino food like bibingka and

suman were replaced by American food like
hotdog and French fries.
LOST OUR SENSE OF
“BAYANIHAN” IN SUMMARY,
WE SEEMED TO REJECT OUR
OWN IDENTITY.

The American Occupation in The Philippines: Presented by LIKHA

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The American Occupation in The Philippines: Presented by LIKHA

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The

This incident sparked the

AT LEAST 34,000 FILIPINOS LOST THEIR

The revolution was

INFLUENCED OF THE USELESSNESS OF

TO DO SO THEY FIRST HAD TO

◦ THE LAW STATED THE RIGHT OF THE

Philippines, appointed by the

Representatives would be purely

The law provided for the granting of Philippine independence by 1946.

◦ It stated the 10-year preparation

THE BILL HAD BEEN DRAWN UP WITH THE AID

Respectful Filipino ways of greeting were

FILIPINOS STARTED TO PREFER

Traditional Filipino food like bibingka and

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