Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh…

Good morning
My name is Maya Handayani Sinaga, SS., M.Pd, lecturer in English.
English is a general basic course that you must take in this second semester, consisting of
2 credits: 1 for theory and 1 for practice.
I apologize in advance for the delay in English course material, but I hope you can
understand that.
The material that I gave may have already been learned, here we only repeat the material.
In the material I have included questions in accordance with the material provided.
So after you have studied the material, please do the work that I have included.
Then, after you have done the assignment, please send the answers to me through your
respective KOMTING.
I am waiting for your assignment at the longest on May 30, 2020.
I do not accept assignments directly from students, It must go through KOMTING.
Thank you for your attention.
Happy college independently ... keep the spirit ... keep healthy ... and stay at home.
MATA KULIAH : BAHASA INGGRIS
SEMESTER : II ( GENAP)
T.A : 2019/2020
DOSEN : MAYA HANDAYANI SINAGA, SS.,M.Pd
PERTEMUAN KE : 9-10 (2 KALI PERTEMUAN)
MATERI : PARTS OF SPEECH

1. Noun : Person, Place or Thing

You may be wondering which words are nouns? A noun is defined as a person, place, thing
or idea. Proper nouns, which are specific nouns that a person knows (such as the name of
a restaurant), always begin with a capital letter. Common nouns, which are general words,
such as "cars," are not capitalized.

Examples :
 I buy a book.
 She is beautiful girl.
 They have much money today.

2. Pronoun : In Place of a Noun

A pronoun is a word that can be used in place of a noun, typically after the noun itself has
already been stated. The pronouns are "I, You, He, She, It, We, They." An example of this
in speech is, "James likes to eat pizza, but he prefers pepperoni." In this case, "he" is the
pronoun because it is being used in place of the noun which is "James."

Examples :
 I love her.
 Dea send me a parcel.
 This is our class.
 He kicked the ball.

3. Verb : An Action Word

A verb is one of the 10 parts of speech that can be confusing for language learners
because it needs to be conjugated based on the tense and the pronoun. A verb is an action
word or "doing" word that signifies movement in some way. Some examples of verbs
are "run," "jump," "eat," "kiss," "study" etc.
Examples :
 They are studying english.
 He can do this job.
 Dika speaks english well.

4. Adjective : Describes a Noun

An adjective is a word that's used to describe a specific noun and to provide more detail to
the listener. It's one of the essential parts of grammar, otherwise language would be dull
and boring and it would be difficult to identify things. For instance, instead of saying "The
car," the speaker can say, "The red car." In this case, "red" is the adjective, because it tells
the listener what the car looks like.

Examples :
 I was so busy last night.
 I love smart girl.
 He is angry with me.

5. Article : Type of Adjective*

An article is another type of adjective that may not be considered a part of speech by some
but can be sometimes be counted towards the 10 parts of speech, at least in English. This
is likely because not all languages have articles. An article is either the word "a" "an" or
"the" and is used to give more information about a commonnoun. Is that red car a car you
recognize (your mom's car), or is it a random red car driving on the highway? If so, you can
either say "The red car" if you recognize it or "A red car" if you don't recognize it. "An" is
used before a noun that begins with a vowel sound, like "octopus" or "hour."

Examples :
 There was a girl in front of the book store. .
 He has a son and a daughter..
 “I need a chair.“.
 “I want the red apple.
6. Determiner/Quantifier States How Many*
A determiner or quantifier is another one of the 10 parts of speech that's not always
counted because it can also be considered an adjective. Additionally, articles can
sometimes be considered determiners as well, which is why both articles and determiners
are usually left out of the eight parts of speech. A determiner or quantifier is used to state
how many or how much of a noun there is. For instance, in the sentence "There are many
children at the playground" the word "many" is the determiner.

Examples :
 There are ten students in the classroom.
 He is my second brother
 Tell me what you want
 She forgot whose bag on the table.

7. Adverb : Describes a Verb

An adverb is yet another type of adjective that's used to describe a verb, but it can also
describe an adjective or another adverb. Sometimes, an adverb ends in "ly" but not always.
An adverb can also be words like "very" and "too." If you're unsure as to whether or not a
word is considered an adverb, check to see if it answers the question "How?" For example,
in the sentence, "Madison frantically did her homework" ask yourself, "How did Madison do
her homework?" Frantically.

Examples :
 They often wear flat shoes.
 The room was good enough for me.
 I completely agree with you.
 She speaks really fast.

8. Conjunction : Used to Connect Sentences

A conjunction is a word like "if" "but" or "and" which is used to connect sentences or
clauses together. For example, if you have two sentences like "I am hungry" and "I am
angry," you can join these together with the conjunction "and." Now, the sentence is, "I am
hungry and angry."

Examples :
 Budi play music well, but he can’t sing.
 I will pick you up after I finish my job.
 Nobody knows where she lives now.

9. Preposition : Used to State Location

A preposition is one of the most exciting parts of grammar for children to learn because
they can have a lot of fun with it. Because a preposition is used to describe the location of
something in relation to something else, such as "under" "beside" or "next to" children can
use their bodies or objects to represent prepositions or prepositional phrases.xamples :
Examples :
 She comes from America.
 My house is in front of Budi’s house.
 Put it on the table, please!

10. Interjection : Used to Express Emotion

An interjection is used to express emotion in a sentence. It could be a word
like "Woah!" or "Oops!"  Instead of saying something like, "The boy was surprised," you
could use an interjection to instead say_"'Wow!' Said the boy in surprise."

Examples :
 Oh my god ! Are you okay?
 Aww ! It hurts!
 Sorry ! I didn’t hear you.
 Exercise :
1. She got an (expensive) book from her parents.
a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Noun
d. Conjunction

2. What did he (tell) about the film last night?

a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Noun
d. Conjunction

3. The office is located (between) my class and the library.

a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Preposition
d. Conjunction

4. You speak English (well), I am proud of you.

a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Preposition
d. Adverb

5. He (runs) every morning to keep the healthy.

a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Preposition
d. Adverb

6. Lombok is the beautiful (island) in Indonesia.

a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Preposition
d. Noun

7. I feel very disappointed (because) you ignore me.

a. Conjunction
b. Verb
c. Preposition
d. Adverb

8. I do (believe) with my mother said.

a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Conjunction
d. Adverb

9. If my father can do those jobs well, my family can get a huge amount of money this
month
a. Interjection
b. Noun
c. Verb
d. Adverb

10. On January, I take a holiday to the Great Wall of China

a. Verb
b. Adverb
c. Noun
d. Adjective

11. Me and my family will go to one of high lands in Indonesia called Dieng
a. Pronoun
b. Noun
c. Adjective
d. Adverb
12. My students haven’t finished their homework because they are very busy with final
examination
a. Noun
b. Pronoun
c. Conjunction
d. Interjection

13. My mother can’t believe that I can lift 50 kgs of rice

a. Adverb
b. Interjection
c. Adjective
d. Verb

14. Smith warmed chicken soup on the stove

a. Noun
b. Pronoun
c. Adjective
d. Adverb

15. Java Island is a beauty Island where there are so many Holiday destinations on there
a. Verb
b. Pronoun
c. Noun
d. Adverb
 MATA KULIAH : BAHASA INGGRIS
SEMESTER : II ( GENAP)
T.A : 2019/2020
DOSEN : MAYA HANDAYANI SINAGA, SS.,M.Pd
PERTEMUAN KE : 11 – 12 (2 KALI PERTEMUAN)
MATERI : TENSES

Affirmative/Negative/
Tense Use Signal Words
Question

 action in the present always, every …,

Simple Present A: He speaks. taking place regularly, never never, normally, often,
N: He does not speak. or several times seldom, sometimes,
Q: Does he speak?  facts usually
 actions taking place one if sentences type I (If I
after another talk, …)
 action set by a timetable
or schedule
Present A: He is speaking.  action taking place in the at the moment, just,
Progressive N: He is not speaking. moment of speaking just now, Listen!,
Q: Is he speaking?  action taking place only Look!, now, right now
for a limited period of time
 action arranged for the
future
Simple Past A: He spoke.  action in the past taking yesterday, 2 minutes
N: He did not speak. place once, never or several ago, in 1990, the
Q: Did he speak? times other day, last Friday
 actions taking place one if sentence type II (If I
after another talked, …)
 action taking place in the
middle of another action
Past A: He was speaking.  action going on at a while, as long as
Progressive N: He was not speaking. certain time in the past
Q: Was he speaking?  actions taking place at the
same time
 action in the past that is
interrupted by another action
Present Perfect A: He has spoken.  putting emphasis on already, ever, just,
Simple N: He has not spoken. the result never, not yet, so far,
Q: Has he spoken?  action that is still going on till now, up to now
 action that stopped
recently
 finished action that has
an influence on the present
 action that has taken
place once, never or several
times before the moment of
speaking
Present Perfect A: He has been speaking.  putting emphasis on all day, for 4 years,
Progressive N: He has not been speaking. the course or duration (not since 1993, how
Q: Has he been speaking? the result) long?, the whole week
 action that recently
stopped or is still going on
 finished action that
influenced the present
Past Perfect A: He had spoken.  action taking place before already, just, never,
Simple N: He had not spoken. a certain time in the past not yet, once, until
Q: Had he spoken?  sometimes that day
interchangeable with past if sentence type III (If I
perfect progressive had talked, …)
 putting emphasis only on
the fact (not the duration)
Past Perfect A: He had been speaking.  action taking place before for, since, the whole
Progressive N: He had not been a certain time in the past day, all day
speaking.  sometimes
Q: Had he been speaking? interchangeable with past
perfect simple
 putting emphasis on
the duration or course of an
action
Future I Simple A: He will speak.  action in the future that in a year, next …,
N: He will not speak.  cannot be influenced tomorrow
Q: Will he speak?  spontaneous decision If-Satz Typ I (If you
 assumption with regard to ask her, she will
the future help you.)
assumption: I think,
probably, perhaps
Future I Simple A: He is going to speak.  decision made for the future in one year, next
N: He is not going to speak.  conclusion with regard to the week, tomorrow
(going to) Q: Is he going to speak? future

Future I A: He will be speaking.  action that is going on at a in one year, next
Progressive N: He will not be speaking. certain time in the future week, tomorrow
Q: Will he be speaking?  action that is sure to happen
in the near future
Future II Simple A: He will have spoken.  action that will by Monday, in a week
N: He will not have spoken. be finished at a certain time
Q: Will he have spoken? in the future
Future II A: He will have been  action taking place before for …, the last couple
Progressive speaking. a certain time in the future of hours, all day long
N: He will not have been  putting emphasis on
speaking. the courseof an action
Q: Will he have been
speaking?
Conditional I A: He would speak.  action that might take place if sentences type II
Simple N: He would not speak. (If I were you, I would
Q: Would he speak? go home.)

Conditional I A: He would be speaking.  action that might take place  

Progressive N: He would not be speaking.  putting emphasis on
Q: Would he be speaking? the course/ duration of the
action
Conditional II A: He would have spoken.  action that might have taken if sentences type III
Simple N: He would not have place in the past (If I had seen that,
spoken. Iwould have helped.)
Q: Would he have spoken?
Conditional II A: He would have been  action that might have taken  
Progressive speaking. place in the past
N: He would not have been  puts emphasis on
speaking. the course / duration of the
Q: Would he have been action
speaking?

Exercise :

1. My match teacher  ...  always kind to every student.

a. Was
b. Is
c. Are
d. Am

2. Budi, Agus and Yudi  ...  my best friend.

a. Are
b. Am
c. Is
 d. Was

3. One of my friends always  ...  to Yogyakarta every year.

a. Going
b. Goes
c. Go
d. To go

4. My father doesn’t  ...  coffee every morning.

a. Drinking
b. Drink
c. To drink
d. Drinks

5. Our English teacher always  ...  our homework every week.

a. Checks
b. Checked
c. Check
d. Checking

6. The train always  ...  on time.

a. Arrived
b. To arrive
c. Arrive
d. Arrives

7. ...  you have enough time to attend the party?

a. Do
b. Did
c. Does
d. Didn’t

8. Does the coach of Football club  ...  the team regularly?

a. Training
b. Trains
c. Train
d. Trained

9. ...  your Uncle come here every year?

a. Will
b. Does
c. Do
d. Did

10. I don’t  ...  time to swim on monday.

a. Have
b. Had
c. Having
d. Has

11. Sholikhin ...  a very thick book about Indonesian History.

a. Hid
b. Have
c. Has
d. Had

12. I ... at 5 am
a. got up
b. gets up
c. get up
d. getting up
13. Our English teacher  ...  check the attendance list every day.
a. Not doing
b. Does not
c. Do not
d. Did not

14. Mr. And Mrs. Susanto often  ...  late.

a. Come
b. Coming
c. Comes
d. Came

15. I  ... a letter for my mom

a. writes
b. writing
c. write
d. wrote
MATA KULIAH : BAHASA INGGRIS
SEMESTER : II ( GENAP)
T.A : 2019/2020
DOSEN : MAYA HANDAYANI SINAGA, SS.,M.Pd
PERTEMUAN KE : 13 (1 KALI PERTEMUAN)
MATERI : CONDITIONAL CLAUSE

In English grammar, a conditional clause is a type of adverbial clause that states a

hypothesis or condition, real (factual) or imagined (counterfactual). A sentence containing
one or more conditional clauses and a main clause—which expresses the result of the
condition—is called a conditional sentence or conditional construction.

A conditional clause is most often introduced by the subordinating conjunction if; other

conditional subordinators include unless, even if, provided that, on [the] condition that, as
long as and in the case of. Note that unless functions as a negativesubordinator.

Conditional clauses tend to come at the beginning of complex sentences— sentences

containing an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses—but, like other
adverbial clauses, may also come at the end. 

Types of Conditional Clauses

There are six main types of conditional sentences based on likelihood and tense: general
rule/law of nature, open future condition, unlikely future condition, impossible future
condition, impossible past condition, and unknown past condition. See below for definitions
and examples of these, provided by John Seely in Grammar for Teachers.

 General rule: This event or action is a law of nature, it always happens.

Example: "The equilibrium between liquid and vapor is upset if the temperature is
increased."
 Open future condition: This event or action may or may not happen. Example: "If
you start thinking about this game, it will drive you crazy."
 Unlikely future condition: This event or action probably won't happen. Example:
"But if you really wanted to be on Malibu Beach, you'd be there."
 Impossible future condition: This event or action could never happen. Example:
"If I were you, I would go to the conference center itself and ask to see someone in
security."
 Impossible past condition: This past event or action did not happen. Example: "I
would have resigned if they had made the decision themselves."
 Unknown past condition: The conditions of this past event or action are unknown;
it might have happened and it might not have. Example: "If he had been working for
three days and three nights then it was in the suit he was wearing now,"

Exercise :

1. If Risa … on time, I will be happy.

a. Come
b. Comes
c. Came
d. Coming

2. If Risa has much time, she will … you.

a. Help
b. Helps
c. Helped
d. Helping

3. If you … study hard, you will not pass the test.

a. Didn’t
b. Doesn’t
c. Don’t
 d. Did

4. If the game … good, I will … it.

a. Are – play
b. Is – plays
c. Is – play
d. Are – playing

5. If I … much money, I will … a new smartphone.

a. Has – buy
b. Have – buy
c. Have – buys
d. Has – buys

6. If she …. , I won’t be angry.

a. Don’t come
b. Don’t comes
c. Doesn’t come
d. Doesn’t comes

7. I will visit your hometown…………..

a.    If I come to Indonesia.
b.    If I came to Indonesia
c.    If I will come to indonesia
d.    If I would come to Indonesia

8. If I had had free time    …………..

a.    I will watch the movie together with my friend.
b.    I would watch the movie together with my friend.
c.    I would have watched the movie together with my friends.
d.    I would have been watching the movie together with my friends.

9. If I were you, …………..

a. I will buy that limited edition camera.
b. I would buy that limited edition camera.
c. I would have bought that limited edition camera.
d. I would have been buying that limited edition camera.

10. If I had accepted that work offer,…………………

a. I will have built my own house.
b. I would have built my own house.
c. I will build my own house.
d. I would build my own house.
MATA KULIAH : BAHASA INGGRIS
SEMESTER : II ( GENAP)
T.A : 2019/2020
DOSEN : MAYA HANDAYANI SINAGA, SS.,M.Pd
PERTEMUAN KE : 14 (1 KALI PERTEMUAN)
MATERI : REPORTED SPEECH

Reported speech is how we represent the speech of other people or what we ourselves
say. There are two main types of reported speech: direct speech and indirect speech.
Direct speech repeats the exact words the person used, or how we remember their words:
Barbara said, “I didn’t realise it was midnight.”
In indirect speech, the original speaker’s words are changed.
Barbara said she hadn’t realised it was midnight.
In this example, I becomes she and the verb tense reflects the fact that time has passed
since the words were spoken: didn’t realise becomes hadn’t realised.
Indirect speech focuses more on the content of what someone said rather than their exact
words:
“I’m sorry,” said Mark. (direct)
Mark apologised. (indirect: report of a speech act)
In a similar way, we can report what people wrote or thought:
‘I will love you forever,’ he wrote, and then posted the note through Alice’s door. (direct
report of what someone wrote)
He wrote that he would love her forever, and then posted the note through Alice’s
door. (indirect report of what someone wrote)
I need a new direction in life, she thought. (direct report of someone’s thoughts)
She thought that she needed a new direction in life. (indirect report of someone’s
thoughts)

Tense Direct Speech Reported Speech

present simple I like ice cream She said (that) she liked ice cream.
present
I am living in London She said (that) she was living in London.
continuous
She said (that) she had bought a car OR She said
past simple I bought a car
(that) she bought a car.
past I was walking along She said (that) she had been walking along the
continuous the street street.
present
I haven't seen Julie She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie.
perfect
I had taken English She said (that) she had taken English lessons
past perfect*
lessons before before.
will I'll see you later She said (that) she would see me later.
would* I would help, but..” She said (that) she would help but...
I can speak perfect
can She said (that) she could speak perfect English.
English
I could swim when I She said (that) she could swim when she was
could*
was four four.
shall I shall come later She said (that) she would come later.
I should call my
should* She said (that) she should call her mother
mother
might* I might be late She said (that) she might be late
I must study at the She said (that) she must study at the weekend OR
must
weekend She said she had to study at the weekend
Exercise :

Choose reported speech for each direct speech below.

1. Did they eat out together yesterday?”

a. He asked me if they had eaten out together the day before.
b. He asked me if they had eaten out together yesterday.
c. He asked me if they has eaten out together the day before.

2. “Don’t turn off the light now.”

a. He told me didn’t turn off the light at that time.
b. He told me not to turn off the light at that time.
c. He told me don’t turn off the light at that time.

3. “What’s your passion?”

a. She wanted to know what is my passion.
b. She wanted to know what my passion was.
c. She wanted to know what was my passion.

4. “I begin to understand the concept of biodiversity.”

a. He said that he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity.
b. He wanted to know if he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity.
c. He asked me that he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity.

5. “Your friend has just left.”

a. He told me that my friend has just left.
b. He told me that your friend had just left.
c. He told me that my friend had just left.

6. “Can I borrow your pencil for a moment?”

a. She asked me whether she can borrow my pencil for a moment.
b. She asked me whether she could borrow my pencil for a moment.
c. She asked me if she can borrow my pencil for a moment.

7. “Why are you staring at my feet?”

a. He asked her why was she staring at his feet.
b. He asked her why she is staring at his feet.
c. He asked her why she was staring at his feet.

8. “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”

a. He asked if the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
b. He said that the sun rose in the east and set in the west.
c. He said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

9. “I’m going to meet my penpal for the first time tomorrow.”

a. She said she was going to meet her penpal for the first time the next day.
b. She said she was going to meet my penpal for the first time tomorrow.
c. She said she was going to meet her penpal for the first time tomorrow.

10. “We have been here for a week.”

a. They said they had been there for a week.
b. They said they had been here for a week.
c. They said we had been there for a week.
MATA KULIAH : BAHASA INGGRIS
SEMESTER : II ( GENAP)
T.A : 2019/2020
DOSEN : MAYA HANDAYANI SINAGA, SS.,M.Pd
PERTEMUAN KE : 15 (1 KALI PERTEMUAN)
MATERI : DIALOGUE AND CONVERSATION

DEFINITION :

Dialogue is communication or discussion between people or groups of people such as

governments or political parties.
People of all social standings should be given equal opportunities for dialogue. 
They have begun dialogues to promote better understanding between both communities. 
She came back and tried to start a dialogue with the man. 
A dialogue is a conversation between two people in a book, film, or play.
The dialogue is amusing but the plot is weak. 
 
Conversation is a form of interactive, spontaneous communication between two or more
people.
Typically, it occurs in spoken communication , as written exchanges are usually not
referred to a conversation.
The development of conversational skills and etiquette is an important part of socialization.
The development of conversational skills in a new language is a frequent focus of language
teaching and learning.

Examples :

1. Mia and Sally

 
Mia: hello Sally, how are you?
Sally: hello Mia, I am fine. Where have you been?
Mia: i have been searching for a job. Hmm
Sally: did you find what were you looking for?
Mia: not yet, it’s so hard to find a job this day. Hey Sally, do you have
any advice for me?
Sally: what kind of advice?
Mia: how to get a job.
Sally: you have to find a job that match with your skill. Don’t push
yourself too hard.
Mia: okay, let’s forget about the job. What about your boyfriend? I
heard that you are going to marry him.
Sally: that’s right, my wedding ceremony will be held in June.
Mia: oh.. Congratulation, make sure you will send me your wedding
invitation.
Sally: of course i will, you are my best friend.
Mia: okay. By the way, are you hungry?
Sally: yes, it’s been 4 hours since my last meal.
Mia: i heard that there is a new food court nearby, why don’t we go
there?
Sally: that’s a good idea, lets go!
Mia: okay lets go!

2. Andy and Rico

Andy : Hi ….. Rico are you free now?

Rico: yes, I am free. What’s up?
 Andy : I have a problem about solving some question.
Rico : what question? Is it about our homework?
Andy : yes, could you help me?
Rico : i am willing to help you, but there’s a little problem, i can’t solve it
myself.
Andy : hmm.. I have an idea, come to my home tonight to discuss it
together. How a bot that?
Rico : yes of course, it will be easier if we work together.
Andy : okay, see you in my home tonight.
Rico : yeah.. I will be there.

Exercise :

1. Man : Did chuck call before or after the class?

Woman : he called during the class

Q : What did the woman say?

A. He did not call

B. He called while the class was going on

C.He called before the class

D.He called after the class

2 .Man : I can’t figure out how Brende knew how to fix the car

Woman : She used to work in a repair shop.

Q : What does the woman say about Brende?

A.She didn’t know what to do

B.She used an auto repair manual

C.She wishes she still had her old job

D.She has experience as a mechanic

3. Woman : I am not sure how to deal with this. Should I tell the authorities or forget
about it?

Man : How could you question it?

Woman : You’re right. I’ll make the call in the morning.

Q : What’s the woman problem?

A.She isn’t sure whether to report something

B.She is distressed that somebody knows what she did

C.She is angry about the contract

D.She wanted to ask a question

4. Man : wouldn’t you rather take a break now? we’ve been at it for hours.

Woman : I’m beat, too. let’s get something to eat.

Man : we’ll be able to concentrate with a little nutrition.

Q : What do the speakers mean?

A.They’re tired

B.the woman is worried about the man’s anger

C.They feel refreshed

D.They broke their table

5. Woman : why won’t you let heather find herself? you can’t make her decisions
forever.

Man : I’m just not ready to let go, to admit that she’s an adult now

Woman : well she is and I think she is ready to show it.

Q : What does the woman suggest that the man do?

A.Give heather more freedom.

B.Give up on heather

C.Discipline Heather

D.Be more involved in heather’s life

6. Man : I need to talk to you. I am going into the hospital for a few days. You’ll
need to take over management.

Woman : oh, I am sorry. Sure, I’ll be happy to help. But, I hope you will return as
good as ever very soon.

Man : I’m optimistic. But, I know you’ll take care of things one way or the other.

Q : what do the speakers mean?

A.The man is retiring for good

B.the woman is pleased that the man is leaving

C.The woman doesn’t care for the current management

D. The man is temporarily turning things over the woman.

7. Man : Don’t bring up the topic we discussed last night while jeff is here. He
doesn’t agree with the decision at all.

Woman : I’d like hear his point of view. The subject isn’t closed yet.

Man : You’ll be sorry.

Q : what does the man mean about jeff?

A.He is studying

B.He hasn’t made up his mind

C.He is very much against the issue that the man promotes.

D.He isn’t aware of what the man and woman are discussing.

8. Man : So, Did the diet help?

 Woman : It was the exercise that did it. The diet wasn’t much of use.

Q : How did the woman lose weight?

A.She went on a diet

B.She read some exercises on dieting

C.She didn’t use the diet

D.she took exercise

9. Woman : we’ll never make the fligh in time

Man : Not at the speed you’re driving

Q : What would the man advise the woman to do?

A.Drive faster

B.Drive, not go by plane

C.slow down

D.Not to worry

10. Man : the best wine does not only depend on the amount of sunshine

Woman : No, it also depends on whether there’s frost in the winter

Q : what could be a problem for grapes?

A.if there’s too much sunshine

B.If there’s too little sunshine

C.If the winter is very cold

D.If they are picked in the winter

MATA KULIAH : BAHASA INGGRIS
SEMESTER : II ( GENAP)
T.A : 2019/2020
DOSEN : MAYA HANDAYANI SINAGA, SS.,M.Pd
PERTEMUAN KE : 16 (1 KALI PERTEMUAN)
MATERI : WRITING

Letter Writing

A letter is a written message that can be handwritten or printed on paper. It is usually sent to
the recipient via mail or post in an envelope, although this is not a requirement as such. Any
such message that is transferred via post is a letter, a written conversation between two
parties.

Now that E-mails and texts and other such forms have become the norm for communication,
the art of letter writing has taken a backseat. However, even today a lot of our communication,
especially the formal kind, is done via letters. Whether it is a cover letter for a job, or the bank
sending you a reminder or a college acceptance letter, letters are still an important mode of
communication. Which is why it is important that we know the intricacies of letter writing.

Types of Letters

Let us first understand that there are broadly two types of letter, namely Formal Letters, and
Informal Letters. But then there are also a few types of letters based on their contents,
formalities, the purpose of letter writing etc. Let us have a look at the few types of letters.

 Formal Letter: These letters follow a certain pattern and formality. They are strictly
kept professional in nature, and directly address the issues concerned. Any type of
business letter or letter to authorities falls within this given category.

 Informal Letter: These are personal letters. They need not follow any set pattern or
adhere to any formalities. They contain personal information or are a written
conversation. Informal letters are generally written to friends, acquaintances, relatives
etc.

 Business Letter: This letter is written among business correspondents, generally

contains commercial information such as quotations, orders, complaints, claims, letters
for collections etc. Such letters are always strictly formal and follow a structure and
pattern of formalities.

 Official Letter: This type of letter is written to inform offices, branches, subordinates
of official information. It usually relays official information like rules, regulations,
procedures, events, or any other such information. Official letters are also formal in
nature and follow certain structure and decorum.

 Social Letter: A personal letter written on the occasion of a special event is known
as a social letter. Congratulatory letter, condolence letter, invitation letter etc are all
social letters.

 Circular Letter: A letter that announces information to a large number of people is a

circular letter. The same letter is circulated to a large group of people to correspond
some important information like a change of address, change in management, the
retirement of a partner etc.

 Employment Letters: Any letters with respect to the employment process, like

joining letter, promotion letter, application letter etc.
Letter Writing Tips

Now that we have learned the basics of communicating via letters and the types of letters as
well, let us focus on some tips for the actual letter writing.

1. Identify the type of letter

This obviously is the first step of the letter writing process. You must be able to identify the
type of letter you are to be writing. This will be dictated by the person the letter is addressed to
and the information that will be conveyed through the letter. Suppose you were writing to the
principal of your college to ask for leave, this would be a formal letter). But say you were
writing to your old college professor catching up after a long time. Then this would be a
personal letter.

2. Make sure you open and close the letter correctly

Opening a letter in the correct manner is of utmost importance. Formal letters open with a
particular structure and greeting that is formal in nature. Informal letters can be addressed to
the person’s name or any informal greeting as the writer wishes.

Even when closing the letter, it must be kept in mind what type of letter is being written.
Formal letters end respectfully and impersonally, whereas informal letters may end with a
more personal touch.

3. Establish the main intent of the letter

Once you start writing, make sure to get to the point as soon as possible. Especially in formal
letters, it is important to immediately make clear the purpose of the letter.

4. Be careful of the language

A letter is always supposed to be polite and considerate. Even if it is a complaint letter, the
point must be made in a careful and courteous manner. So it is necessary to use polite
expressions and civil language in all types of letters.

5. Length of the letter

And the other important factor to be considered is the length of the letter you are writing. It
should be kept in mind that formal letters are generally to the point, precise and short. Lengthy
formal letters tend to not have the desired effect on the reader. The length of an informal letter
is determined by the message in the letter and the relation to the recipient.

Exercise :

Dear Paula,
 
Hello Paula, how are you? It’s been a month since I last heard from you. Well, I just
wanted to tell you that I was in a hospital last week. According to the doctor; I was
infected by dengue fever.
At first, I felt my body became weak then I fainted when I was studying in the
classroom. Then, I was taken to the hospital because of the high fever.
At the hospital, I was brought into the emergency unit. The doctor immediately gave
some treatment. Finally, I had to stay there for one week. Everyday the doctor kept
me on a drip.
At the seventh day, my condition was getting better. After the final check, the doctor
gave me permission to go home. Now, I’m okay and because of my illness, I am
now more careful about keeping in my house clean especially my room, I don’t want
to get the same illness again.
OK, I think that’s all from me, write to me soon ok?
 
Regards
 Nadira

Answer the questions below!

1.What is the topic of the letter above?

A.Getting Fever
B.Went to Hospital
C.The doctor recipe
D.In hospital
 
2.What did the writer do she felt her body became weak?
A.She bought medicine
B.She took a rest all day
C.She went to hospital
D.She consumed the medicine
 
3.What was the disease that she got?
A.Stomached
B.Toothache
C.Dengue fever
D.Influenza
 
4.Why the writer was taken to the hospital?
A.She got high fever
B.She got diarrhea
C.She got headache
D.She got broken bones
 
5.How long she was taken care in the hospital?
A.Four days
B.Five days
C.Six days
D.Seven days

6. Q : Alex was to write a letter to her class teacher asking permission to remain absent
from school for 2 days on account of some personal matter. What type of letter will he
be writing?
A. Personal Letter
B. Business Letter
C. Formal Letter
D. Any of the above

The test can range from the writing of one word to the writing of an essay length passage.
Unless you regard writing as a valuable performance objective, you should not
overemphasis written tests.
The students are given some incomplete sentences and have to provide at appropriate
start or a finish. Marks are awarded for what is written and how well it is written. Reading
comprehension is also involved, though it goes unrewarded. The sentences can be
independent, as in the first example, in the second example, or in the form of a paragraph
as in the third and then In the fourth example to make one paragraph.

Complete the sentence below that is a perfect sentence.

7. …………………………than it was yesterday.
8. Budi got into library and ……………………..

Complete the next sentence test knowledge of verb and clause patterns triggered by
the use of I wish :
9. I am sorry that I didn’t get her an anniversary present.
           I wish……………………………………………….

10. Write in your own words about the impact of Corona has on your life.
Write ini more than less 500 words.