9

Health
Quarter 3 -Module 4
Unintentional Injury
Prevention, Safety
and First Aid
Week 4

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Health - Grade 9

Quarter 3- Module 4: Unintentional Injury Prevention, Safety and First Aid

Revised Copy 2021

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Development Team of the Module

Writer/Compiler : LYNSAN P. ATIBULA, T1, RAMON DUTERTE MNHS

Editors : ELEANOR D. GALLARDO, Asst. Principal, QUIOT NHS

EMILY V. BARANGGOT, Asst. Principal II, PARDO NHS
HAZEL L. BARRO, MT 1, DSOSMNHS
GINA PANES, T3, CEBU CITY NSHS

Management Team : RHEA MAR A. ANGTUD EdD

Schools Division Superintendent
BERNADETTE A. SUSVILLA CESO VI
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
GRECIA F. BATALUNA
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
VANESSA L. HARAYO
EPSvr, LRMDS
RENEZAR T. FEROLINO
Division MAPEH Coordinator

Printed in the Philippines by: DepEd Cebu City Division, RO7

Office Address: New Imus Road, Cebu City
Telefax: (032) 255 15 16/328-2020
E-mail Address: cebu.city@deped.gov.ph

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 What I Know

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read each of the following statements carefully. Write only
the letters of the correct answers in a separate sheet of paper. (Write your Name,
Grade, Section, Subject and Module Number)

1. Which is an objective of first aid?

A. To prolong life
B. To intensify suffering
C. To end the services of a physician
D. To bridge the gap between the victim and the physician

2. When is primary survey of the victim done?

A. When the victim is conscious
B. During the survey of the scene
C. When the victim is unconscious
D. After the victim has regained consciousness

3. What is the first thing to do in assessing an emergency situation?

A. Call for help
B. Survey if the scene is safe
C. Do a head-to-toe examination
D. Check the vital signs of the victim

4. Which of the following does not belong to the objectives of First Aid?
A. save lives C. alleviate suffering
B. shorten life D. prevent further injury

5. When a first aider does not alarm a victim, what characteristic does she/he
show?
A. gentleness C. tactfulness
B. resourcefulness D. being observant

6. What do you call of the immediate care given to an injured person before the
arrival of a physician?
A. First Aid C. Chest Compression
B. Intensive Care D. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

7. What sterile pad is used to cover a wound?

A. bandage B. dressing C. hot compress D. cold compress

8. What is used to stop bleeding and provide support for immobilization of a

fracture?
A. bandage B. dressing C. hot compress D. cold compress

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9. What are sensations that the victim feels or experiences and may be able
to describe?
A. symptoms B. signs C. survey D. check up

10. What do you call a break in the continuity of a tissue in the body?
A. splints B. wound C. sprain D. fracture

11. Complete the saying that goes, “Prevention is better than ________.”
A. sick B. cure C. care D. ill

12. What do you call the details discovered by applying your senses – sight,
touch, hearing and smell during the course of the examination?
A. symptoms B. cure C. survey D. signs

13. What is a piece of sterile cloth that covers a wound to prevent infection and/or
to stop bleeding?
A. symptoms B. survey C. dressing D. signs

14. What open wound is caused by nails, needles, and other pointed objects?
A. abrasion B. incision C. laceration D. puncture

15. What open wound is caused by rubbing or scraping the skin against a rough
surface?
A. abrasion B. incision C. laceration D. puncture

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About the Module
This module is designed to inform you about preventing unintentional injury, safety
and first aid. As we all know the saying, “Prevention is better than cure.” Practicing
this principle advocates safety awareness which is essential in achieving quality of
life. But our immediate environment poses danger to everyone. No place is
considered safe not even in the comfort of our home. Accidents may happen to
anybody at any place, at any time. Thus, taking the right safety measures greatly
helps prevent accidents and injuries. Nevertheless, when accidents happen, it is
important to have the knowledge and skills to deal with them. Having knowledge
and skills on safety education and injury prevention could help you, your loved
ones, and other people in your community during emergency situations.

Keep in mind that accidents and injuries can be a result of a situation, an unsafe
action or unsafe environment. You can do a lot to prevent injuries by
understanding the situation, being cautious and being aware of safety hazards in
your immediate environment.

The processes of developing awareness of immediate hazards and dangers,

equipping you with appropriate accidents prevention skills to overcome these
hazards, and keeping everyone alive are components of safety education. Safety
education is important because living is more enjoyable when we are safe.
Therefore, make safety a vital part of life.

The module will cover the Unintentional Injury Prevention, Safety and First Aid
divided into 3 lessons namely:

Lesson 1 – The Basics of First Aid

Lesson 2 – Survey of the Scene and the Victim

Lesson 3 – Dressing and Bandages

After going through this module, you will be able to:

1. discuss the basic of first aid;
2. identify common unintentional injuries in the school setting;
3. assess emergency situations for unintentional injuries;
4. discuss the importance of dressing and bandaging; and
5. show the different types of dressing and bandaging.

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 Lesson

1 The Basic of First Aid

What I Need to Know

In this lesson, you will learn the Basic of First Aid, it’s meaning and importance.

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

1. give the definition of first aid;

2. appreciate the importance of First aid; and

3. write down some characteristics of good first aider.

What’s In

Instruction: Read each statement carefully and answer the following questions in
your journal notebook.

1. What is an emergency?

2. What are the roles of a first aider during an emergency situation?

What’s New & What Is It?

First aid is an immediate and temporary care given to a person who suddenly
becomes ill or injured. It includes self-help and home care if medical assistance is
not available or is delayed. It can mean the difference between life and death in
extreme cases. However, first aiders must know the limits of the first aid they can
give because improper first aid can actually do more harm than good in some
instances.

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Roles of First Aid
1. It is a bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the physician.
2. It is not intended to compete with or to take the place of the services of the
physician.
3. It ends when the services of the physician begin.

Objectives of First Aid

1. To save lives
2. To prolong life
3. To alleviate suffering
4. To prevent further injury

Characteristics of a Good First Aider

1. Observant - notices all signs
2. Tactful - does not frighten the victim
3. Gentle - does not cause pain and panic
4. Sympathetic - comforts and reassures the victim
5. Resourceful - makes the best use of things at hand

Principles of First Aid

(Dos in Giving First Aid) (Don’ts in Giving First Aid)
1. DO stay calm. 1. DON’T give food and drink to an
2. DO reassure and comfort the victim. unconscious person.
3. DO check for a medical bracelet
indicating a condition, such as epilepsy or
diabetes.
4. DO loosen any tight clothing. 2. DON’T move an injured person unless
you need to place him/her in the recovery
5. DO keep the victim covered to reduce position.
shock.

What I Have Learned

Activity no. HQ 3.1: “Emergency! Emergency! What will I do?”

Directions: Write down your immediate action to the following situations. Write the
answer in your journal notebook.

Situation Immediate Action to be taken

1. Your younger sister cuts her finger with a knife.
2. Your friend falls down the stairs from the 2nd
floor and can hardly stand.
3. A man in the street is bumped by a car.
4. Your mother accidentally touches a hot pan.
5. Your classmate has drunk poison.
6. Your teacher suffers a heart attack.
7. Your neighbor experiences stroke.

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 8. Your grandfather slips in the comfort room and
cannot move his right arm anymore.
9. Your cousin who does not know how to swim
falls into a deep river.
10. Your baby brother accidentally swallows a
small part of a car toy, and it gets stuck in his
throat.

Process Questions:

Why do we need to give immediate action to an emergency situation?

What I Can Do
Activity no. HQ 3.2: Complete Me
Complete the unfinished statements individually.

I can be a first aider because _____________________________________________.

I will be a first aider because _____________________________________________.

As a first aider, I will _____________________________________________________.

Lesson
Survey the Scene and the
2 Victims

What I Need to Know

In this lesson, you will learn the proper procedure in assessing emergency situations
and doing the primary and secondary survey of the victims.
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:
1. differentiate signs and symptoms of an injury;
2. value the significance in assessing emergency situations and doing the
primary and secondary survey of the victims; and
3. tell own experiences in helping other people in an emergency situations.

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 What’s In

Activity no. HQ 3.3: Signs or Symptoms…

List the signs and symptoms of injury found in the box inside the table given below.
Write your answer in your journal notebook.

Heat Nausea Bleeding Vomiting

Swelling Deformities Impaired sensations

Signs Symptoms

What’s New & What Is It?

Welcome to your second safety adventure! This will be a very exiting safety adventure
because you will know the proper procedures in assessing emergency situations for
unintentional injuries and in doing the primary and secondary surveys of the victims.
It is expected that at the end of the lesson, you can confidently demonstrate these
steps in assessing emergency situations, applying the basic of first aid and displaying
the characteristics of a first aider which you have learned in the previous lesson.

Difference between signs and symptoms

Signs are details discovered by applying your senses – sight, touch, hearing
and smell during the course of the examination.
Example: bleeding, swelling, deformities

Symptoms are sensations that the victim feels or experiences and may be
able to describe.
Example: nausea, vomiting, heat, impaired sensations

There are two ways to conduct physical examination when giving first aid:

1. Primary Survey
Primary survey of the victim is used when the victim is unconscious and find
out and immediately treat life-threatening conditions.

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 A. Check for Consciousness
Ask the victim: “Hey, hey, are you okay?” while carefully shaking the
victim’s shoulder.
When there is no response, not even mumbles and groans, the victim
is therefore is unconscious and in need of immediate medical help.

B. Open the Airway

The victim’s unconsciousness may be due to an obstruction in his/her
airway. It may also be caused by a narrowed airway making breathing
impossible.
Find out if there is loss of muscular control in the throat area which
allows the tongue to slip back and block the throat.
Lift the chin and tilt the head of the victim (if the victim is an adult).
This way you will be able to lift the tongue from the back of the throat,
leaving the airway clear.

C. Check for Breathing

Put your face near the victim’s mouth and look, listen, and feel for
breathing. You should observe for: chest movement, sound of
breathing, or feel of breath on your cheek
D. Check for Circulation
Locate pulse using your middle and index finger. Pulse indicates blood
circulation, which is essential for the heart and brain to function.
Poor blood circulation may be reflected on the pale color of the skin.
This is fatal.
To revive circulation, perform CPR immediately.

Emergency Action Principles

(Source: Red Cross Manual)
Step 1: Is the scene safe? If yes, proceed to the next steps. If no, do not attempt to
go to the accident. Call Emergency Medical Services instead.
Step 2: Make sure the victim is lying on his back. If not, roll the victim.
Step 3: Check for responsiveness by gently tapping the shoulder of the victim
saying: “Hey, hey, hey are you okay?”
Step 4: If there is no response, call for help immediately.
Step 5: Do the primary survey of the victim.
Airway – check if there is blockage in the airway (if yes, take it out using
your pinky finger in a scooping motion.
Breathing – use the maximum head-tilt-chin-lift method and look-listen-
feel (if negative, perform rescue breathing)
Circulation – Use carotid pulse (if negative, go to Step 6)
Step 6: While applying maximum head-tilt-chin-lift method, pinch the nose and give
2 initial full breaths to the victims.
Step 7: Take off the clothes of the victim that can block the compression area.
Step 8: Perform CPR of the victim. Do 5 cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths.
Step 9: If the victim is revived, do the secondary survey of the victim. If not, continue
performing CPR while waiting for the rescue team.

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Step 10: A. Do the secondary survey. Record all the data and surrender to the
rescue team.
S - ymptoms
A - llergy
M - edication
P – ast medical history
L – ast oral intake
E – vents prior to the accident
B. Vital Signs – Carefully check the following vital signs.
Eyes: dilated – shock, constricted - stroke or drug abuse, pupils are
unequal - stroke or head injuries
Nose: watery – fracture or skulls injury
Blush skin color: lacking oxygen (cyanosis)
Body temperature
Blood pressure
C. Head-to-Toe Examination – Check for the following
D – eformity
C – ontusions
A – brasions
P – unctures
B – urns
T – enderness
L – acerations
S – welling

What I Have Learned

1. Why is it important to assess the situation first before proceeding to the

primary and secondary survey of the victim?

2. When should a primary survey of the victim be used?

3. When should a secondary survey of the victim be used?

What I Can Do

Activity no. HQ 3.4: Share Your Heroism

Share your experience where you were able to help other people in an emergency
situation. Describe your feeling during and after helping the victim. Write your
answer on your journal notebook.

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 Lesson

3 Dressing and Bandages

What I Need to Know

In this lesson, you will learn the different dressing and bandages used on wounds
and burns.
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

1. explain the purpose of dressing and bandages;

2. be aware of things to do in emergency situations like wounds and burns that
happens at home; and
3. list down materials found at home that can be used as dressings and
bandages.

What’s In

Activity no. HQ 3.5: Twist and Match…

Arrange the scrambled letters in Column A to form words related to first aid. Connect
them to the correct definition or purpose in Column B. Write the letter of your answer
in your journal notebook.

Column A Column B
1. SINGDERS A. A sterile cloth used to cover wounds
2. CLOD PRESSCOM B. Used to reduce swelling
3. OLDC DAP C. Can be used as cold compress
4. NABGADES D. Used to apply pressure to stop bleeding
5. DOUNW E. A cut in the skin
6. BRUN F. Caused by heat
7. SPARINS G. Ligaments are torn
8. TRINSAS H. Muscles are overstretched
9. FARCTERU I. A broken bone
10. LISDOCATION J. The end of the bone is displaced

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 What’s New & What Is It?

Welcome to your third safety adventure. This will be another and new exciting trip
where you will learn the different dressing and bandages used on wounds and burns.
It is expected that at the end of this lesson, you can explain and properly
demonstrates the bandaging techniques for some unintentional injuries. Good luck
again and have a “safety” journey.
A dressing is a piece of sterile cloth that covers a wound to prevent infection and/or
to stop bleeding.
Techniques in Applying a Dressing:
1. Wash hands and wear gloves, if possible.
2. Unwrap the dressing as close to the wound as possible. Be sure not to touch
the wound.
3. Skin is not sterile. If the dressing slips over the victim’s skin while you are
trying to position it, discard and use a fresh one.
4. Place dressing over the wound.
5. Use a dressing that is large enough to extend at least 1 inch beyond the edges
of the wound.
6. If body tissue or organs are exposed, cover the wound with a dressing that will
stick.
7. Secure the dressing with a bandage or adhesive tape.
Cold compress is used to reduce swelling and relieve pain, especially
used for sprains and strains. Cold packs can be used as cold compress.
Hot compresses is also used to allow normal blood circulation. Cold
and hot compress are applied alternately for closed wounds or
contusions.
Bandages are used to apply pressure to bleeding; for covering wounds
and burns; and providing support for immobilization for broken bones,
sprains, and strains. There are three main types of bandages namely:
triangular, ace and tubular. Triangular bandage is made from cloth and
can be used as cold compress, padding, support for pressure, or
support sling. Ace bandage secures dressings in place. Tubular
bandage is used to support joints or hold dressings in place. Smaller
tubular bandage is used for finger injuries.
Two Phases of Bandaging
A. An open phase bandaging is used for wounds on top and back of the head,
chest, back, hand, and foot, and as arm sling.
B. Cravat phase bandaging is used for wounds that need extra support like
wound on the eye, forehead, ear, cheek, jaw, shoulder, hip, arm, leg, elbow,
knee, and palm and for a sprained ankle. The narrower the cravat is, the
greater pressure it will give.

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Techniques in Bandaging
1. Keep in mind the following:
a. Always use a square knot.
b. Keep the cloth sterile to avoid infection.
c. Always keep the ends.
2. Bandaging technique depends upon the size and location of the wound, your
first aid skills, and materials at hand.
3. Bandage firmly over bleeding and securely over the broken bone, not so tight
so as not to cut off blood circulation.
4. When wrapping bandages around the body, such as knees, ankles, neck, and
small of the back, uses its natural hollows to slide the bandage gently into
place. Start from the part with the smaller diameter to the larger diameter.
5. Since most injuries swell, check regularly to ensure that the bandage is still
comfortable and that it remains firmly secured.
6. Secure the bandage with a tape, clips or a bow or square knot. Ensure that
the bandages, especially the knots, do not touch the skin.
How to do a square knot
• Right over left and left over right

Illustrations for Proper Bandaging of Body Parts

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Wounds

A wound is a break in the continuity of a tissue in the body. It may be closed in which
there is no break or damage in the skin. It is also called hematoma or contusion. A
wound may also be an open wound in which there is a break in the skin.

Kinds of Open Wounds

1. Puncture is a piercing wound caused by nails, needles, and other pointed

objects.
2. Abrasion is caused by rubbing or scraping the skin against a rough surface.
3. Incision is a cut caused by knife, broken glass, or any sharp object.
4. Laceration is a blunt breaking or tearing of soft tissues usually resulting from
mishandling tools and other accidents.
5. Avulsion is a forcible tearing or partial tearing away of tissues.

How to Manage Wounds:

A. For management of hematoma, we use the mnemonic RICE:
R - est the injured part
I - ce application
C - ompression
E - levation

B. First Aid for Open Wounds with Severe Bleeding

1. Wear gloves and remove or cut clothing as necessary to expose wound.
2. Control bleeding by applying direct pressure.
3. Elevate the injured part above the heart except for eye injury and wounds
with embedded object.
4. Cover wound with sterile dressing and bandage.
5. Care for shock.
6. Consult a physician immediately.

What I Have Learned

1. Why should we use dressings and bandages on wounds?

2. Why is it necessary to apply proper techniques on dressings and bandages?

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 What I Can Do

Activity no. HQ 3.6: Be Grateful and Resourceful…

List down 5 materials at home that can be used as dressings and bandages. Include
their uses or importance. Write your answer in your journal notebook.

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 Assessment

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read each of the following statements carefully. Write the
letters of the correct answers in a separate sheet of paper. (Write your name, grade,
section, subject, and module number).

1. Complete the saying that goes, “Prevention is better than ________.”

A. sick B. cure C. care D. ill

2. What open wound is caused by nails, needles, and other pointed objects?
A. abrasion B. incision C. laceration D. puncture

3. What open wound is caused by rubbing or scraping the skin against a rough
surface?
A. abrasion B. incision C. laceration D. puncture

4. What sterile pad is used to cover a wound?

A. bandage B. dressing C. hot compress D. cold compress

5. What is used to stop bleeding and provide support for immobilization of a

fracture?
A. bandage B. dressing C. hot compress D. cold compress

6. What are sensations that the victim feels or experiences and may be able
to describe?
A. symptoms B. signs C. survey D. check up

7. What do you call a break in the continuity of a tissue in the body?

A. splints B. wound C. sprain D. fracture

8. What do you call the details discovered by applying your senses – sight, touch,
hearing and smell during the course of the examination?
A. symptoms B. cure C. survey D. signs

9. What is a piece of sterile cloth that covers a wound to prevent infection and/or
to stop bleeding?
A. symptoms B. survey C. dressing D. signs

10. Which is an objective of first aid?

A. To prolong life
B. To intensify suffering
C. To end the services of a physician
D. To bridge the gap between the victim and the physician

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11. When a first aider does not alarm a victim, what characteristic does she/he
show?
A. gentleness C. tactfulness
B. resourcefulness D. being observant

12. What do you call of the immediate care given to an injured person before the
arrival of a physician?
A. First Aid C. Chest Compression
B. Intensive Care D. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

13. When is primary survey of the victim done?

A. When the victim is conscious
B. During the survey of the scene
C. When the victim is unconscious
D. After the victim has regained consciousness

14. What is the first thing to do in assessing an emergency situation?

A. Call for help
B. Survey if the scene is safe
C. Do a head-to-toe examination
D. Check the vital signs of the victim

15. Which of the following does not belong to the objectives of First Aid?
A. save lives C. alleviate suffering
B. shorten life D. prevent further injury

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 Answer Key
10. DISLOCATION
sensations 9. FRACTURE
Impaired Deformities 8. STRAINS
Heat Swelling 7. SPRAINS
Vomiting Bleeding 6. BURN
Nausea 5. WOUND
Symptoms Signs 4. BANDAGES
3. COLD PAD
Activity no. HQ 3.3 2. COLD COMPRESS
1. DRESSING
Activity no. HQ 3.5

References
Teacher’s Guide for HEALTH p. 1 - 44
Better Health Channel
Retrieved from: https://tinyurl.com/2s7cjchd Retrieved on March 5, 2020
Wikipedia.org
Retrieved from: https://tinyurl.com/v2pa934 Retrieved on March 5, 2020

Links in Website
Wound dressing - practical demonstration
Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNS67ZJQVDA Retrieved on March 12,
2020
10 Different Types of Bandaging Using Triangular Bandage
Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUCo4XXzZIE Retrieved on March 12, 2020
Teaching By Topic: First Aid Assessment
Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-s2nthz-VE0 Retrieved on March 12, 2020
Skill 1 - The Primary Survey
Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2X0gngKEm8 Retrieved on March 12,
2020

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Cebu City Division
Curriculum Implementation Division
3rd Floor, DepEd Bldg., Imus Avenue, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000
Telefax: (632) (032) 255 1516
Email Address: cebu.city@deped.gov.ph

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