Research Design Example

1. What do you mean by research design?
Differentiate between research methodology

and research design. Illustrate your answer with suitable example
Research design is a mapping strategy. It is essentially a statement of the object of the
inquiry and the strategies for collecting the evidence, analyzing the evidence and
reporting the findings. On the other hand, research methodology is the specific
procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information
about a topic. In a research paper, the methodology section allows the reader to critically
evaluate a study's overall validity and reliability.
Research Design Example:
Exploratory research is conducted when enough is not known about a phenomenon and
a problem that has not been clearly defined (Saunders et al., 2007). It does not aim to
provide the final and conclusive answers to the research questions, but merely explores
the research topic with varying levels of depth. Therefore, its theme is to tackle new
problems on which little or no previous research has been done (Brown, 2006). Even in
the extreme case, exploratory research forms the basis for more conclusive research
and determines the initial research design, sampling methodology and data collection
method (Singh, 2007).
Research Methodology Example:
This research article discusses the psychological and emotional impact of a mental
health support program for employees. The program provided prolonged and tailored
help to job seekers via a job support agency that kept contact with applicants beyond
initial job placement to give different forms of assistance. I chose a 50% random
selection of respondents who participated in the employment agency's support program
between April and October and met the research criteria I created based on prior and
comparable studies.
We discovered that, rather than demonstrating better functioning and higher self-esteem,
participants in the therapy group exhibited poorer cognitive and emotional functioning
and self-esteem. These findings prompted my study team and me to conclude that
people who consider themselves unfulfilled in their jobs often endure a substantial
decline in performance as a consequence of increased workplace stress and lower
emotional well-being, irrespective of their mental health status.
2. Enumerate the characteristics of good research design and indicate potential problems
in preparing a research design.
- Reliability
- Validity
- Generalized
- Neutrality
3. Define the term ‘Sampling’. Differentiate between sample and population and illustrate
your answer with examples.
Sampling is an indispensable technique of behavioral research, the research work
cannot be undertaken without use of sampling. The study of the total population is not
possible and it is also impracticable. The practical limitation: cost, time and other factors
which are usually operative in the situation, stand in the way of studying the total
population. Population means the respondents characteristics such as academic
attainment, gender, and age. Sample on the other hand involves designs such as
random, stratified and else.
4. Distinguish between probability sampling and non-probability sampling. Mention the
assumptions of a probability sampling.
Probability sampling refers to the selection of a sample from a population, when this
selection is based on the principle of randomization, that is, random selection or chance.
Probability sampling is more complex, more time-consuming and usually more costly
than non-probability sampling. Non-probability sampling is a method of selecting units
from a population using a subjective (i.e. non-random) method. Since non-probability
sampling does not require a complete survey frame, it is a fast, easy and inexpensive
way of obtaining data. A common assumption across all inferential statistical tests is that
you collected data from a random sample from your population of interest. To be a truly
random sample, every subject in your target population must have an equal chance of
being selected in your sample
5. What do you mean by the term ‘Randomization’? Indicate the methods of randomization
and their advantages and limitations.
Randomization is a method of sampling in which each individual of the population has
the equal chance or probability of selection of the individuals for constituting a sample.
The choice of one individual is in no way tied with another. The individuals of a sample
are independently drawn from the population. All members of the population have
essentially the same probability of being selected. The following are main methods of
randomization: (a) Lottery method of randomization. (b) Tossing a coin (Head or tail)
method. (c) Throwing a dice. (d) Blind folded method. (e) Random tables (Tiptt’s Table of
Randomization).

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1. What do you mean by research design?

Differentiate between research methodology

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