Sodo

Internship
Report at ethiotelecom SSWR O&M 2 0 1 0 E .C
WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND
COMPUTER ENGINEERING
COMMUNICATION STREAM
INTERNSHIP REPORT AT
ETHIO TELECOM SSWR O&M WOLAITA SODO
By Teshome Watro
ID No: - ENG/R/1128/06
Advisor name: - Adisu (Msc)
Duration: From March-July
Submission date:17/10/2017
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Internship Report at ethiotelecom SSWR O&M 2 0 1 0 E .C
Declaration
I am Teshome watro, a 4th year electrical and computer engineering student have undertaken my
internship experience in ethio telecom ( hosting company ) for a period of April 20/04/2017 to
July 15/07/2017 G.C under the guidance of Addisu (Academic advisor) and Temesgen (company
advisor).
I clarify that my work is original and compiled according to the internship report writing
guideline given by the department.
Us the student academic advisor, I clarify that the internship report prepared by Teshome Watro
is original work and compiled according to the guideline provided by the department as far as my
knowledge is concerned.
Adisu
Name of academic advisor SignatureDate
Teshome Watro
Name of student SignatureDate
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Acknowledgment
First of all thanks to almighty God for each and every success in my life and satisfactory
accomplishment at this internship program. Secondly I would like to thank Wolaita Soddo
University and Ministry of Education for setting up this internship program. Also thanks to Ethio
telecom for allowing us to work and introduce our self with the technologies currently being
used and our supervisors and staff member at the Ethiotelecom who support us to gain practical,
theoretical knowledge, information skills and experience at work. Finally I would to thank my
supervisor Addisu for helping me and guiding me, my families for everything they have done
and the company IP department staffs for helping me to develop the project tittle that related
with the problem of the SSWR O&M center.
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Executive Summery
This report is all about the four month long industrial internship program at Ethiopian
Telecommunication Company with the branch of SSWR O&M center(Wolaita Sodo) in south
region. We understood Engineering without practical experience cannot be improved in each
field of subject matter. So, in this report we have given a brief review of background of
Ethiotelecom, including its vision, mission and objectives, organization structures, product and
services to its customers. Next we explained all internship experiences including objectives of
the internship, how we get in to the company, work section we have been executing, during our
internship period. Challenges we faced and measures taken and then benefits got in the
internship including theoretical and practical skills, team playing skills, interpersonal skill and
leadership are included. After all this topics we have also included our project which deals about
Efficient Work-site Allocation for employee in the SSWR O&M center, that we solved company
problems, conclusions and recommendation for improvement of works in the company.
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List of Figure
Figure1.1:- Organization structure of ethio telecom ....................................................................... 9
Figure2.1. Type of Transmission media ....................................................................................... 11
Figure 2.2. General MSAG ........................................................................................................... 12
Figure.2.3. Operating System of Transmission on MSAG ........................................................... 12
Figure.2.4:- Sample measuring of networks losses by using optical power meter ....................... 15
Figure 2.5. Different type of attenuator ........................................................................................ 15
Figure 2.6. The Cycle of TT checks at chiefly ............................................................................ 17
Figure .2.7. DSL- Splitter ............................................................................................................. 18
Figure.2.8. DSL modem................................................................................................................ 19
Figure.2.9. ADSL- Modem Configuration ................................................................................... 20
Figure.2.10.Mobile station ............................................................................................................ 21
Figure. 2.11 A. Base Transceiver Station
B. Base Station Controller (BSC) ................................................................................................ 22
Figure 2.12. Architecture of GSM ................................................................................................ 23
Figure.2.13.Call Flow ................................................................................................................... 24
Figure 2.14: Work flow in O&M network division ...................................................................... 25
Figure 4.1: Flow chart of online work allocation...................................................................…...40
Figure 4.2: User login page……………………………………………………………………43
Figure 4.3: Main display……………………………………………………………………….45
Figure 4.4 : Logistic page display……………………………………………………………….46
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List of Table
Table 2.1. IP classes ...................................................................................................................... 17
Table 4.1 Site allocation DB table………………………………………….……………………41
Table 4.2 Employee DB table………………………………………………...………………….41
Table 4.3 Logistic DB table…………………………………………………….………………..41
Table 4.4 Login page DB table…………………………………………………………………..42
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List of Acronyms
ASP………………………….Active Server Page
AUC……………………..Authentication Center
BB……………………….Broadband
BSS……………………...Base Station Subsystem
BTS……………………...Base Transceiver Station
CDMA…………………..Code Division Multiple Access
CE……………………….Central Exchange
CITC-C……………….....Chinese International Telecommunication Construction Corporation
CN……………………….Core Network
CSR……………………...Corporate Social Responsibility
DSL……………………...Digital Subscriber Line
DSLAM………………….Digital Subscriber Line access Multiplexer
DWDM…………………..Dense Wavelength division Multiple
EIR……………………….Equipment Identification Register
ETA………………………Ethiopia Telecommunication Authority
ETC……………………….Ethiopia Telecommunication Corporation
EVDO…………………….Evaluation Data Only or Evaluation Data Optimized
GOTA…………………….Global Open Trucking Architecture
GSM……………………...Global System for Mobile Communication
HLR…………………........Home Location Register
HTC………………………Huawei Technologies Corporation
HTML……………….........Hypertext Markup Language
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IBRD………………….......International Bank of Reconstruction and Development
IBTE……………………….Imperial Board of Telecommunication of Ethiopia
IMSI………………………..International Mobile Subscriber Identity
IP…………………………...Internet Protocol
ISDN…………………........Integrated Services Digital Network
ITU…………………………International Telecommunication Union
LAN………………………...Local Area Network
MOPTT……………….........The Ministry of Post, Telephone and Telegraph
MOS…………………………Mean Opinion Score
MPLS……………………….Multiple Protocol Labeled Switches
MS…………………………...Mobile Station
MSAG……………………….Multiple System Access Gateway
MSC………………………....Mobile Switching Center
NSS………………………….Network Switching Subsystem
OAD…………………………Optical Added and Dropped
OMD…………………………Optical Added and Dropped
OMS………………………….Operation Maintenance Subsystem
OPM………………………….Optical Power Meter
PESQ…………………………Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality
PIN……………………………Personal Identification Code
PUK…………………..............Personal unlock Code
QOS…………………………..Quality of Service
RAN…………………………..Radio Access Network
SIM……………………………Subscriber Identity Module
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SMC…………………................Service Management System
SMS…………………………….Short Messaging Service
SQL……………………………..Structured Query language
TTS……………………………..Trouble management System
UE………………………………User Equipment
UIL……………………………...University Industry Linkage
VLR……………………………..Visitor Location Register
VOIP…………………………….Voice Over Internet Protocol
VPN…………………………..…Virtual Private Network
WCDMA………………………..Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
ZTE-C…………………………..Zhongeing Telecommunication Equipment Corporation
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Table of content
Contents page
Declaration ............................................................................................... I
Acknowledgment .................................................................................... II
Executive Summery.............................................................................. III
List of Figure ......................................................................................... IV
List of Table ............................................................................................ V
List of Acronyms .................................................................................. VI
Table of content .................................................................................... IX
CHAPTER ONE ...................................................................................... 1
1. BACKGROUND OF ETHIO TELECOM ...................................... 1
1.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2. VISION .............................................................................................................................................. 4
1.3. MISSION ........................................................................................................................................... 4
1.4. VALUES AND PRINCIPLES ........................................................................................................... 4
1.5. OBJECTIVES OF ETHIO TELECOM ............................................................................................. 5
1.6.Services and products of company...................................................................................................... 5
1.7. Company’s stake holders ................................................................................................................... 8
1.8. Ethio Telecom Customers .................................................................................................................. 8
1.9 Organization structure of the company ............................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................... 10

2. Over all internship experience ..................................................... 10
2.1. Objective of the internship ............................................................................................................... 10
2.2. How I get into company? ................................................................................................................. 10
2.3. The Section of the company I have been working ........................................................................... 10
2.4. Procedures I have been using while performing my work tasks ...................................................... 25
2.5. My performance at the company ..................................................................................................... 25
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2.6. Challenges I have been facing while performing my work tasks .................................................... 25
2.7 Measuring or solution I have used for the challenges I have been facing ........................................ 26
3. Overall internship experiences ........................................................ 27

3.1. In terms of improving practical skills .............................................................................................. 27
3.2 In terms of upgrading theoretical knowledge ................................................................................... 28
3.3 In terms of improving interpersonal communication skills .............................................................. 28
3.4. In terms of improving team playing skills ....................................................................................... 28
3.5. In terms of improving Leadership skills .......................................................................................... 29
3.6 In terms of understanding about Work Ethics related issues ............................................................ 29
3.7. In terms of Entrepreneurship skills .................................................................................................. 30
CHAPTER FOUR ................................................................................. 31

4. Project and Contribution ................................................................. 31
4.1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 31
4.2. Feasibility of the project .................................................................................................................. 31
4.2.1Project situation .......................................................................................................................... 31
4.2.2 Technical feasibility ................................................................................................................... 32
4.2.3 Legal feasibility.......................................................................................................................... 32
4.2.4 Economic feasibility .................................................................................................................. 32
4.3 Objective of the Project .................................................................................................................... 32
4.3.1 General Objective ...................................................................................................................... 32
4.3.2 Specific Objective ...................................................................................................................... 33
4.4. Scope of the project ......................................................................................................................... 33
4.5. Statement of the problem ................................................................................................................. 33
4.6. Benefit of the project .................................................................................................................... 34
The benefits of this project were mainly as follow:-............................................................................... 34
4.7 Literature Review.............................................................................................................................. 34
4.7.1 Operating environment .............................................................................................................. 34
4.8. System Design and Description of the project ................................................................................. 35
4.9. The final result or outputs of the project .......................................................................................... 38
4.10 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 40
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CHAPTER FIVE ................................................................................... 41

5. Conclusion and Recommendation ................................................... 41
5.1. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 41
5.2. Recommendation ............................................................................................................................. 42
Reference ................................................................................................ 43
Appendices ............................................................................................. 44
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CHAPTER ONE
1. BACKGROUND OF ETHIO TELECOM
1.1. Introduction
The first Telecommunication company was introduced at the time of Alexander Graham Bell
invited the 1sttelephone in March 3, 1847.But in Ethiopia telecommunication service was
introduced in 1894 during the rule of Emperor Menilik that of 17-year after the invention of
telephone technology in the world. The Ethiopian Telecommunications is the oldest Public
Telecommunications Operator in Africa.
In Ethiopia the first major telephone line constructed spanned a total distance of about 447km
and connected Harar major trade center in Easter region with Addis Ababa. The line construction
took few years and it also interconnected small towns along the route.The interurban network
was continued to expand satisfactorily in all other directions from the capital. Many important
centers in the Empire were interconnected by lines, thus facilitating long distance
communication with the assistants or operators at intermediate stations frequently acting as
verbal human repeaters between the distant calling parties. Available records of the time have
shown that by early 1930’s a total route distance of about 7,000 kms of inter urban network was
existed and no less than 170 towns and villages were connected to the network.
In 1932 Ethiopia becomes the member of the ITU (international telecommunication union)
before the Italian invasion of 1935. In 1934 Ethiopia has established direct radio telephone links
with Djibouti, London, Cairo and Aden.The company was placed under the support of the
Ministry of Post, Telephone & Telegraph and then reorganized as Imperial Board of
Telecommunications of Ethiopia.
From (1941-1997) the main thing done at the beginning of this period was rehabilitation of the
destroyed telephone network. The telephone network is destroyed because Italian forces finally
fled the country, by the end of the ware only handfuls of Ethiopian’s stations were functioning,
but poorly.In1950 first international bank of reconstruction and development (IBRD) mission
came to Ethiopia to conduct an investigation of possibility of reforming the ministry creating an
organization entrusted with the sole responsibility of restoring and extending Ethiopian
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Telecommunication service. It was also suggested to establish a semi-autonomous entity based

on Government Charter to carry out reconstruction and development works of
telecommunication on commercial basis.
From (1952-1975)Establishment of Imperial Board of Telecommunications of Ethiopia(IBTE)

The Ministry of Post, Telephone & Telegraph(MOPTT) had difficulties to meet the growing
demand for improved and increased telecommunication services. The shortage of trained
personnel was acute and funds extremely low. Hence, a complete reorganization of the
telecommunication administration in Ethiopia became an urgent necessity. The desire was to
create an autonomous body efficiently organized, suitably staffed with financial autonomy to
plan and operate the pressing telecommunication needs of the country. The Imperial Board of
Telecommunications of Ethiopia was established by the proclamation No. 131 on October 15,
1952.
Imperial board of telecommunication of Ethiopia currently known as Ethiopian

Telecommunication Authority (ETA) established in the 1953.The structure was revised in 1962,
1964, 1967, 1970, 1972 to make a major change of technology ranging from Automatic to
Digital technology through successive Telecommunications’ Development Programs. By 1972 a
new organizational structure was made and Ethiopian Telecommunications Authority (ETA) was
established.
TheEthiopian Telecommunications Authority wasreplaced by the Ethiopian Telecommunications

Corporation(ETC) by regulation number 10/1996 of the Council of Ministers to which all the
rights and obligations of the former Ethiopian Telecommunication authority were transferred to
the Corporation. ETC then has taken a responsibility to operate as a public enterprise with the
principal duty of installing telecom infrastructure facilities and expanding telecommunications
services in the country by the Proclamation 49/1996, and providing domestic and international
telephone, telex, and other communication services under the supervision of Ethiopian
Telecommunications Agency (ETA), which is a separate regulatory body, with the objective of
promoting the development of "High quality, efficient, reliable and affordable
telecommunications services". In this respect, it is currently deemed by the regulation that ETC
is the sole operator of any telecommunications related services, including the provision of

Internet and public phone in Ethiopia. For its international traffic links and communication
services, ETC mainly uses its earth station at Sululta which transmits and receives to both Indian
Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean satellites.
The provision of mobile service in Ethiopia has begun in 1989 with capacity of 3600 lines in
Addis Ababa. After three year the number of subscriber reached about 208000.At the last when
we come to recent days we can see the transformation from ETC to Ethiotelecom at 2010.As a
continuation of the last five years plan and after concentrating its efforts on educations, health
and agricultural, the Ethiopian government has decide to focus on the improvement at
telecommunication service, considering them as key lever in the development of Ethiopia. In
2005ETC installed a national fiber optic cable comprising 5000km in the six direction from
capital city (to DireDawa Djibouti, Mekele, Bahirdar, Nekemte Jimma and Hawassa) laying a
foundation for delivering current and future service including digital radio, TV, internet, data and
other multimedia data in order to increase narrow band to broad band service in 2005.In 2006 the
number of mobile user has reach 1.6 million through the country.
In behind 2006, the ETC signed an agreement worth US$1.5 billion with three Chinese
companies, Zhongxing Telecommunication Equipment Corporation(ZTE-C),Huawei
TechnologiesCorporation(HTC) and the Chinese International Telecommunication Construction
Corporation(CITC-C), to upgrade and expand Ethiopian telecommunications services. This
agreement will increase the number of mobile services from 1.5 million to 7 million, land line
telephone services from 1 million to 4 million, and expansion of the fiber - optic network, from
the present 4,000 kilometers to 10,000 by 2010. It is part of a larger US$ 2.4 billion plan by the
Ethiopian government to improve the country’s telecommunications infrastructure.
As of 2007, IP based Next Generation Network of Fixed Telephone Lines, Third Generation
Network (3G) of mobile service based on Wideband Code Division Multiple Access(WCDMA),
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Dense Wavelength Division Multiple (DWDM)
based Optical Fiber Transmission,new technology version is discovering which we call 4G and it
have most speed than 2G and 3G have been introduced in Ethiopia, Then installed to expand for
the improvement of the service at southern region. Southern region may divide in to two main
operational and maintenance centers, SSWR O&M SSER O&M center. The SSWR O&M

center includes nine zones and one special woreda namely as, Wolaita Zone(Sodo), Gamo Gofa
Zone(Arbaminch), Dawuro Zone(Tarcha), Gurage Zone(Butajira), Silte Zone(Worabe), Kanbata
Tanbaro Zone (Durame), Hadiya Zone(Hosana), South omo Zone(Jinka), Segen people Zone
(Konso) and Alaba. So, ethiotelecom provided the services at those all districts.
1.2. VISION
Ethiotelecom vision encompasses the following crucial points.
 To be a world-class telecommunications service provider

 To be committed to understand, meet and exceed the telecommunication needs
 To be a center for advancement of ICT, via research, innovation
1.3. MISSION
 Connect Ethiopia though state of the art telecom services.
 Provide high quality, innovative and affordable telecom products and services that enhance
the development of our nation.
 Build its managerial capability and manpower talent that enables ethio telecom to operate
at international level.
 Build reputable brand known for its customer’s consideration.
 Support community and environmental developments.
1.4. VALUES AND PRINCIPLES
Lead with vision:-

 Be committed to understand, meet and exceed the telecom needs and expectations of the
country, at large and of customers in particular.
Respect:-
 Respect customers and recognize that the revenue generated allow ethio telecom to
operate.
 Recognize employees of ethio telecom as most valuable assets and create conductive
working environment that allows them to develop and grow.
Excellence: - They will make every effort to achieve a superior financial return.

 Be committed to high level performances, customers service quality, organizational

excellence, and continuous improvement of quality of services.
 They will make every effort to achieve a superior financial return.
Integrity: -Be ethical and honest in all assignments
Accountability: - Be accountable to all stakeholders
1.5. OBJECTIVES OF ETHIO TELECOM
In line with its ambitious mission, vision and values ethio telecom has an ambitious objective
(goals) to create awareness on products and services provided by ethio telecom and help the
citizens understand the subscription requirements to get those services. Provide up to date
information, regarding prices and services delivered time and a system of grievance redressing
for complaints raised by citizens, to establish transparency and accountability regarding the
services provided to citizens. But also, serve citizens with courtesy, non-discrimination and
respect and establish feedback mechanism from citizens to improve service quality, enhance
citizens’ satisfaction through continual improvement of products and services delivery process.
The main objectives of ethio telecom are:-
x Being a customer centric (focused) company
x Offering the best quality of services
x Building a financially sound company
x Meeting world class standards
To reach the goals our division will focus on
 Developing and enhancing network and it system
 Ensuring easy access and coverage to the whole population
 Creating a strong brand
1.6.Services and products of company

Ethio Telecom as a company have many product and services offered to its customers. The
company institutionalized with promoting the high quality, efficiency reliable and affordable
telecommunication services and products in the country. Ethio telecom provides several types of
services and products offered to its’ customers. These services and products that ethio telecom is
provides:-

1.6.1. Fixed line services it is traditional wired phone services that voice, internet and fax
services and its fixed in location such as homes and offices, no mobility. It is most importantly
reliable and cheap for the business.
1.6.2. CDMA (Fixed wireless)
Fixed wireless refer to wireless devices and its system is in fixed location such as home and
office .It is some similar with ordinary fixed telephone services. It uses fixed wireless terminal
which it can give a voice, data and other value added services. It works where ever CDMA
network is available.
1.6.3. Integrated services digital network (ISDN): Its use as international communications
standard for sending data, voice, and video over digital telephone lines .ISDN support data
transfer rate of 64kbps.
1.6.4. Mobile service: The service is given using SIM (Subscriber Identity Module). It has
voice, data, SMS, and other value. Added capabilities of SMS (short messaging service), Call divert,
Call waiting Call barring and Value added service.
1.6.5. WCDMA (3G)
It offers a wide range of advanced services; high speed internet access, video and High Quality
image transmission, video conversation, online chat, it requires cell phones that support 3G
services, users are charged at the end of every month (usage charge + Rent), accessing calls
while browsing the web pages is possible, you can transmit and receive data at greater speed and
capacity, and it also supports all services offered by 2G GSM Services offered in addition to
Voice.
1.6.6. 4G Internet Access Technology

Is the 4th generation wireless internet access technology that transforms the existing internet
speed to a super-fast connection The users of 4G LTE network get the advantage of superior and
un interrupted connectivity ,which enables to live stream, video and movies at much faster rate
than ever before and can also easily share information.
 GOTA (Global open trucking architecture)

It is a service given using the CDMA 2000 wireless network for the propose of group
communication, the service allow two or more individuals communication and also use it for
private and group call, and the services allows the subscriber to make external call by subscriber
to the mobile wireless services. It allows the function one to one private calls, one too many
group calls and the ability to set the users priority.
 Roaming services.
Roaming service will provide the ability for wireless customers to automatically make and
receive voice calls, send and receive data, or access other services when travelling outside the
geographical coverage area of ET, by means of using a visited country’s operator’s network.
Simply, roaming will enable ET mobile subscribers to make use of mobile or radio (wireless)
related services beyond the network coverage of ET.
1.6.7. Internet and data service

Broad band internet is a relatively fast internet services provided thought wire and wireless
connections.
 Wired broad band internet
The wired broad band is provided through the copper or fiber with different access method
(ADSL, ADSL2, ADS wL2+).It can be provided with different speed depending on customer
requirement and the access they use. Customer can buy CPEs from Ethiotelecom .Asymmetric
digital subscriber line (DSL) is one of digital subscriber line, a data communication technology
that enables faster data transmission over copper lines. Through ADSL customer will get a better
affordable, reliable and faster internet connection.
 Wireless broad band internet
The wireless can be given through EVDO and VSAT. EVDO is a standard for high speed
wireless broad bands. The acronym is short for Evolution Data only or Evolution Data optimized
.It is a CDMA technology that supports a high speed internet data connection with peak speed of
3.1mbps and with average speed of 800kb/s-1.7mbp/s. It work were over CDMA network is
available.
1.6.8. Broad band data
Virtual private network (VPN): Is a network that use public telecommunication infrastructure
such as internet, to provide remote offices or individual user with secure access to their

organization network and data. Ethio telecom gives VPN services mainly through MPLS (Multi-
protocol labeled switch) network. MPLS-VPN is a virtual private network with a multi-protocol
labeled switch to deliver data, voice and video services using a shared telecomm infrastructure.
1.7. Company’s stake holders
It defined stakeholders as "those groups without whose support the organization would cease to
exist." Then it has gained wide acceptance in business practice and in theorizing relating to
strategic management, corporate governance, business purpose and corporate social
responsibility (CSR).These stakeholders are Huawei, Samsung, Lehulu, Hidassei, Techno, Tana,
Yewubshet, Waga vision, Adis Hiwoyt, Haleluya, Betel dental,Customers,Government and
employer.
1.8. Ethio Telecom Customers

Ethio Telecom is a service provides company which has two kinds of customers. These are
Enterprise and Residential customers. The Enterprise customers are those customers like
governmental organizations, private companies and nongovernmental organizations. Those
customers who take a bundle of services which offered by ethio telecom. The residential
customers are those customers who are single users like me and you. Those customers are
categorized in to five level depends on their service level agreements with the company those are
VIP, Top residential, High residential, Enterprise and Top Enterprise.
1.9 Organization structure of the company
Ethio telecom organizational structure includes different functional divisions that are under
direct administration of board of directors. As picture below shows the organizational structure
of Ethio telecom depends on functional structure. The company has nine major significant
division, which led by officer and section led by managers.
1. Information system
2. Enterprise
3. Customer service
4. Network service
5. Network engineering
6. Network project management
7. Network project rollout

8. Network fixed access

9. Network operation and
Boarder of
directors
Chief operating
Chief officer
Chief Executive
Finance officer Chief
officer
Internal
Audit officer
Chief
Chief
Legal
security
officer
Chief Human officer
Resource PMO&PR
officerofficer officer
Chief Sourcing Chief Quality
& Facilities & Process
Officer Officer
Chief Chief Chief Chief Chief

Residential Enterprise Customer Technical Information
marketing & Officer Service Officer Officer
Sales officer Officer D/O&M
Officer
SSWR
manager
O&M
Pay phone, Power and Transmissio Performance RAN IP

CPE& PBAX Environment n supervisor management supervisor supervisor
supervisor supervisor supervisor
Figure1.1:- organization structure of ethio telecom

CHAPTER TWO
2. Over all internship experience
2.1. Objective of the internship

 To encourage the practical and theoretical knowledge through the practical work
 To gain experience in design, implementation, and evaluation of worksite
 Observe a corporate fitness center operation
 Enhance written and verbal communication skills
 Assist in program or product development
 To attend one professional meeting
2.2. How I get into company?

According to the curriculum of Wolaita Soddo University, all fourth year students must have one
semester of internship program on industry level. Wolaita Soddo University has UIL (university
industry linkage) office, just for the purpose of linking students and Industries together. This UIL
office asks Ethio telecom to be the hosting company for its students and this Governmental
organization accepts the request so all students from electrical engineering department had been
having the opportunity to work in this organization. We select to work in this company,
according to what we study in the campus and that’s much with our stream (communication).
2.3. The Section of the company I have been working

Majorly Ethio telecom has nine departments in which each department has its own division to
simplify its works so called that these departments are:-
x Customer Services.
x Information System.
x Network project Management.
x Network project Rollout.
x Network Engineering.
x Operation and Maintenance (O&M).
x Fixed Access Network.

x Enterprise.
x Network services and IT Management
 From the above departments or sections we are taking experience on the operation and
maintenance. So far under this mainly we have been seen about Transmission, IP-RAN and
Broadband (BB), Radio Access Network (RAN).
2.3.1. Transmission
Transmission may be defined as the electrical transfer of a signal, message, or other form of
intelligence from one location to another and also a process of transferring any coming network,
signal, message from stakeholder to the central exchanger and again that comeback in to the
user. The pathway that carries the information from sender to receiver is called Transmission
media. We use different types of cables or waves to transmit data. Data is transmitted normally
through electrical or electromagnetic signals. These signals can be transmitted through copper
wires, optical fibers, atmosphere, water and vacuum Different Medias have different properties
like bandwidth, delay, cost and ease of installation and maintenance. Transmission media is also
called Communication channel. There are two type of transmission media one is Wired or
Guided Media or Bound Transmission and the other one is Wireless or Unguided Media or
Unbound Transmission Media. The diagram below shows the two types of Transmission media.
Communication media
Wireless/Unguided
Wired/Guided
Twisted pair Coaxial cable Optical Radio waves Microwave Infrared

fibers
Figure2.1. Type of Transmission media

 Under Transmission majorly we have been seen about:-

1. MSAG.
2. Optical Power Meter (OPM).
3. Central Exchange (CE).
3.1 E1-Station.
1. Multiple System Access Gateways (MSAG).
In the ZTE corporation mainly constructed multiple system Access Gateway (MSAG) in the
different urban station which is used as the central control of network and distributed the MD-
network to the customer. This system is Corley appropriate for land line telephoneand internet
applications, such system of applications had been inadequate or preset or guided by network
engineers.
Figure 2.2. General MSAG

x As whole the Transmission is operating /working in the MSAG by the ways of:-
In put Modulator ETM-Card

signal(IPS) GIS Stakeholder
Figure.2.3. Operating System of Transmission on MSAG

The transmission process will be working/operating by linking of fiber optics with two different
line (i.e., line A and line B).The each line that of A and B are having input-OAD and output-
OAD, like as:-
 The arriving/ incoming message, signal, network are conceal inline-A (ETH1), and then it is
departing/ outgoing in line-A (ETH2).
 The arriving /incoming message, signal, network are conceal inline-B (ETH1), and then it is
departing /outgoing in line-B (ETH2).
1.1. How to maintain (preserve) the transmission On MSAG?
In generally there is some frequent method which used to preserve the transmission MSAG such
as confirm the master exchanger or GIS, checkup the fiber board, checkup the power board, well
verify the ETM-CARD, principally applicable the optical power meter, looked GE1, GE2, and
NACT are blink or not.
1.2. How ETM-CARD operate/work?
ETM is operate by blinking of a green color on both GE2 and NACT, which mean that GE2 is
used to receive(RX) and transmit(TX) data and NACT is used to up the system then the card will
be activate. If GE2 is blink then ETM-P2 will be activate with the wave length 1491nm and
GE1 is also blink/not then ETM-P1 will be activate with the initial wave length 1471nm.
In generally, the wave length is increase/far from the central NNOC then the quality of signal is
reduced and the wave length is decrease/near to the central NNOC (exchanger) then the quality
of signal is stable.
 There are two basic sending and receiving process in the MSAG-System. These are:-
a) OAD and
b) OMD
A. OAD
x It stands from optical added and dropped.

x Mainly it used to select/dropped the network/message/signal for its want and send to
the remain network/message/signal that of one-lambda is dropped and seven-lambda
are send. This system takes place for balancing.
x On this system the wave-length does not seen evidently which are taking by
considering.
x It reduced the amount of surplus/unwanted signal/clamor due to the incidence/presence
of selection.
B. OMD
x It stands from optical multiplexer and demultiplexer.

x Chiefly it used to propel/send the all coming network/message/signal in to the
exchanger.
x Failure/losses are happened due to the absence of selection.
x The wave-length will be seen able to clearly.
x It contains different types of generator, such as G1, G2 and G3.
NOTE: -G1 it is contains the stable/ordinary signal (networks).G2 and G3 is asset

weak/unstable networks so-called that such generators are mainly used for regenerate/up-grade
the feeble/wobbly networks (signal) that coming on each bearing.
2. Optical Power Meter (OPM).
Power Meter is an electrical device which used to deliberate network-loss or unstable-networks

and stable network.

Figure.2.4:- Sample measuring of networks losses by using optical power meter
 In MSAG there is also another device called Optical Attenuator. Attenuator is an electronic
device which used to reduce the power of signal with-out the appropriate deformation / bend of
the wave-form. Mostly it can be applicable in Threshold networks for increase the minimum-
one and decrease the maximum-one.
In generally the optical attenuator is grouped in three, such as:-
a. Variable attenuator.
b. Line attenuator.
c. Connector attenuator.
Figure 2.5. Different type of attenuator

3. Central Exchange (CE) or Mazorea
3.1.E1-classes
The central exchange is a system which design in different site in SSWR, used for receive and
transmit any data from/in d/t MSAG to NNOC respectively. Even-though, those systems had
asset many E1-classes that to link in many 1000-customer.
The E1- classes is majorly holding the subscriber line so-called that such lines are connected to
the antenna than after to distribute the coming data in to the end-user(stakeholder). The
subscriber line must be installing with to antenna by using fiber-cable. In generally, if and only
if One E1 is 2-Mega-byte (MB)which applicable for 30-person per second. This means that is
1E1=2MB.
 How networks loss is happing and How to maintain/reduce the networks loss
The occurrences of losses are dust-deposition and greatness of noise from the coming
message/signal so as to propel. Mainly the rusting of ETM-Card, Cut of fiber-cable by burden of
natural phenomena like as Temperature, slighting etc. To maintain/reduce the networks loss
removing/cleaning the amount of dust from the end of attenuator connector and fiber tarry board
(ETM-CARD) by making a collision/smash with a clean-cloth or outer-skin.
 How to eloquent/knowing the losses that to happening in the different MSAG?
As a general the MSAG would be constructed in different parts around in sodo town. But in sodo
town totally 24 MSAG has installed at different parts of the town. Which has been contacted
with the main O&M center and each can support whole efficient services for the customers at the
town and they all are linked with each other. Those all MSAG so-called that the NNOC- operator
should be separate in which parts of town-MSAG had to fail /unreached the network by looking
the ring-alarm with the sing of Red-yellow color in different line on the different Main-station
then to tells for observance carefully. As whole this idea seems like:

NNOC
OBSERVANCE
RING
ALARM
CENRERAL
MSAG
EXCANGE
Figure 2.6. The Cycle of TT checks at chiefly
2.3.2 IP-RAN and Broadband (BB)
IP is nothing a unique number that represents each network or computer for each governmental
organization, public and private sector. The five IP classes is show in the table below:-
Table 2.1. IP classes
Class Range Subnet mask

A 1-126 255.0.0.0
B 128-191 255.255.0.0
C 192-223 255.255.255.0
D 224-239 -
E - -

Notice that: - Ethio-telecom uses class-A, class-B, and class-C.
The IP –RAN has their own MSAG like boxing structure that said to be DSLAM (Digital
Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer).Meanwhile, at the public network operator’s ‘exchange
premises’ the equivalent splitting device is called a DSLAM (digital subscriber line access
multiplexor). For instance those schemes are design/constructed by ZTE-Corporation. As whole
the term MSAG and DSLAM have no much difference meaning they are much similar and have
little difference, which means that by size and capacitance. IP-RAN is Morley applicably for data
and internet application. It has two side this are primary and secondary –side OR In-put and Out-
put Side.
 DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexor)

DSLAM is the public network operator’s equipment that used for exchange premises with the
DSL- splitting device to the end users/stakeholders. As whole, it has 24-ports.
 DSL-Splitter
Is the customer’s premises equipment which used for splitting any coming telephone-
network/internet/data from DSLAM to DSL-modem. It used to multiple the single signal in too
many-once which means that the incoming/interring signal is single then the outgoing signal is
more than once.
Figure .2.7. DSL- Splitter
 DSL-Modem
It is a device which used for configuring network/data/ internet to the customers.

Figure.2.8. DSL modem

 How to maintain the IP-RAN default/problem?
In generally the default of IP-RAN is maintained by using three basic devices such as: -
a. INSERTION: - is a device which used cut and press the port wires or juicers for to solve the
IP-RAN default.
b. FUSE: - is an electrical safety device which protects an electrical circuit from the
overloaded/over current. So for the IP-RAN default/problem was maintained by substation of the
reserve-once.
c. ADSL-Modem: - is also a device which used for configuration of the IP-RAN default by
blinking green-color- spark. But the blinking of green-color on the ADSL-power is not a real
solution so-called that it can be required a communication b/n observance and IP - exchanger.
As whole the ADSL-modem is consisting from power indicator, DSL, Internet, and LAN
(Ethernet).Mostly it can be applicable for Enterprise and residential services. Enterprise ADSL’s
services have service numbers mostly start with 999 or 98. Residential ADSL’s service didn’t
have service numbers, instead customer’s user ID used as service number. Provides different
types of Internet services including dialup, leased line and shared DSL Internet services to
governmental organizations, private and commercial companies, international institutions and
individuals. The broadband Internet services uses asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) and
fixed wireless access (FWA) technologies. The reconfigure of ADSL- modem first you should
implement the seven configuration steps and capture WAN - IP and other related numbers when
your service is working properly.

 Steps to identify configuration status

 In your modem if Power and DSL light indicators didn’t have steady green light your
problem is not related to configuration problem and you should call to 994 and
register your fault.
 If power and DSL have steady green light and if internet doesn’t have blinking light you can
implement the next two simple steps and identify weather your modem is losing its
configuration or not.
Descriptions of light
indicator on the ADSL are;-
1. Power indicator
2. DSL
3. Internet
4. LAN 1-4
Figure.2.9. ADSL- Modem Configuration

2.3.3. Radio accesses network (RAN)
A radio access network (RAN) is part of a mobile telecommunication system. It implements a

radio access technology. Conceptually, it resides between a devices such as a mobile phone, a
computer, or any remotely controlled machine and provides connection with its corenetwork
(CN). Depending on the standard, mobile phones and other wireless connected devices are
varyingly known as user equipment (UE), terminal equipment, mobile station (MS), etc. RAN
functionality is typically provided by a silicon chip residing in both the core network as well as
the user equipment. Examples of radio access network types are: -GSM radio access network.
Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)
Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for digital
cellular communication. GSM is the name of a standardization group established in 1982 to
create a common European mobile telephone standard that would formulate specifications for a

pan-European mobile cellular radio system operating at 900 MHz it is estimated that many
countries outside of Europe will join the GSM partnership.
 Architecture of GSM
A GSM network is composed of several functional entities, whose functions and interfaces are
specified.
The GSM network can be divided into four broad parts such as:-
1. Mobile Station (MS).
2. Base Station Subsystem (BSS).
3. Network Switching Subsystem (NSS).
4. Operation and Maintenance Subsystem (OMS).
1. Mobile Station (MS)
The mobile station (MS) consists of the mobile equipment (the terminal) and a smart card called
the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM). Mobile equipment processes voice signals, receives and
transmits radio signals. SIM stores all information required for identifying a subscriber and
security information, preventing unauthorized subscribers. Mobile equipment cannot access
GSM network without a SIM card. This Card contain Phone number, International mobile
subscriber identity (IMSI), Status of SIM, Service code, Authentication key, PIN (personal
identification code), PUK (personal unlock code).
Figure.2.10.mobile station
1.Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
Serves as a bridge between MSC and MS. It performs radio channel management and wireless
reception and transmission. Base Station Controller (BSC) and Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
are main components of BSS. BTS is wireless tranceiving equipment controlled by the BSC in
BSS. BTS carries radio transmission. It performs wired-related wireless conversion, radio
diversity, radio channel encryption, and hopping. Um interface connects BTS to MS. BSC

Located between MSC and BTS; it controls and manages more than one BTS. It performs radio
channel assignments. BTS and MS transmit and connects local network with the MSC through A
interface. Ab is interface connects BTS to BSC. The MSC is responsible for controlling calls in
the mobile network. It identifies the origin and destination of a call (mobile station or fixd
telephone), as well as the type of a call.
Figure. 2.11 A.Base Transceiver StationB. Base Station Controller (BSC)

2. Network Switching Subsystem (NSS)
NSS is the core element of network switching which interfaces with subscriber services for voice
and data.
 The main components of NSS are:-
 Mobile Switching Centre (MSC).
 Home Location Register (HLR).
 Visitor Location Register (VLR).
 Equipment Identification Register (EIR).
 Authentication Centre (AUC).
 Short Message Centre (SMC).
BSC MSC
C
BTS

Figure 2.12. Architecture of GSM
Mobile Switching Center (MSC): -The MSC is the heart of the GSM network. It handles
call routing, call setup, and basic switching functions. An MSC handles multiple BSC and also
interfaces with other MSC's and registers.
 The main function of NSS is:-
Call control: - This identifies the subscriber, establishes a call, and clears the connection after he
conversation over.
Charging: -This collects the charging information about a call(the number of the caller and he
called subscriber, the time and type of the transaction, etc.) and transfers it to the billing center.
Mobile management: -This maintains information about the subscriber’s location.
Signaling:-This applies to interface with the BBS and PSTN.
Subscriber data handling: - This is the permanent data storage in the HLR and temporary
storage of relevant data in the VLR.
GSM Interfaces
Interface refers to the point where two adjacent entities are connected. The GSM interface is:-
Um (air) Interface: Radio interface between MS and BTS. It is an important interface in
PLMN. Digital mobile communication network has different radio interface as compared to
analogue mobile communication network.
A- Interface: It is an interface between BSC and MSC. Base station management information,
call processing interface, mobility management information, and specific communication
information are transferred through A- interface.
Abis Interface: It is an interface between BSC and BTS. Supports all services provided to
subscribers. Also supports the control of BTS radio equipment and management of radio
resources assigned.
 Call Flow between Two Mobile Subscribers
 MS1 is served by MSC1/VLR1, and MS2 is served by MSC2/VLR2 and belongs to HLR/AUC.

Figure.2.13.Call Flow
1. MS1 dials the phone number of MS2. BSS informs MSC1 of the call.
2. MSC1 analyzes the phone number of MS2, finds out the home HLR of MSC2 and sends the
route application to HLR.
3. HLR queries the current location information of MS2 and obtains the MSC2/VLR2 that serves
the MS2. HLR requests the route information from the MSC2/VLR2.
4. MSC2/VLR2 allocates the route information, that is, MSRN and submits the MSRN to the
HLR.
5. HLR sends the MSRN to the MSC1.
6. MSC1 sets up the call with MSC2 according to the MSRN.
7. MSC2/VLR2 sends the paging message to MS2.
8. MSC2/VLR2 receives the message, indicating the access of MS2 is allowed.
9. The call between MSC2 and MSC1 is set up.
10. MSC1 sends the successful connection signal to MSC2. MS1 and MS2 talk over the phone.
Note:-
 MS Busy:-In this case, the MS is allocated with a traffic channel to transmit the voice or
data and the IMSI of the subscriber is marked as Busy.

 When mobile is not functioning while network is available then the problem is in
between BSC and MSC.
 When mobile is not having network in our mobile phone then the problem is in between
BTS and MS.
2.4. Procedures I have been using while performing my work tasks

As we discussed before our task was performed in two different sections in operation and
maintenance. Thus are site and office works by follow the following procedure:-
1. Understanding general MSAG equipment’s like ETM-card, Fiber boar, Module, GIS and
Power –board.
2. Differentiating/knowing the faults on MSAG like Alarm and notification check, Equipment
running status check and Module fiber check.
3. Identifying the types of maintenance. i.e. CM or PM.
2.5. My performance at the company

I have been executing as an assistant on O&M network division by executing some works
(duties) such as:-
x Supervising the works that have been done.

x Discussing on O&M problem & giving solutions.
x Checking alarm and notification.
x Checking the equipment running status.
x Cleaning the equipment’s
2.6. Challenges I have been facing while performing my work tasks

Since the ethiotelecom is on the way developing country’s network infrastructure most of our
work was on sit. While practicing on the development of the new network installation and on
office period we have faced some challenges. Those challenges lead us to take large care while
performing any work. It also introduced us to take immediate measures after challenges faced.
Some of the main challenges are listed below are we have facedduring the internship program at

the company. We have summarized the challenges we encountered during the internship
experience. The challenges we encountered are:-
 Having less number of contact with the supervisors due to we work all time on the sight
with the technician by moving from place to place.
 The great problem is the repetition of work and technician does not allow to us to do the
work by ourselves.
 The staff a member does was not able to believe us to observe and test all required thing
due to security
 Unwillingness of company to give us access materials such as computer and usable
references for the security purpose.
2.7 Measuring or solution I have used for the challenges I have been facing
We have been tried to overcome to challenges that faced while we performing our tasks. The
order that to overcome the challenges are the following:
 I have dot short notes at each practical time that help for the report.
 Communicated with my experienced friends and take the soft copy by flash and email.
 At lunch time I used the internet on the computer by choosing which is best for
encourage my goal.
 Some time I asked the company employer during the willing to help.
 I use internet and access with other internship student.
 By making observation repeatedly we minimize the error.
 Understanding the professional ethics of the work.
 We have used “do it now”, and “do it right” to overcome these challenges.
 We ask questions by identifying who is concerned for that working areas .

CHAPTER THREE
3. Overall internship experiences
During these four months, the internship program provided us a platform to introduce ourselves
with the professional field. On the past four months I were able to see how communication
achieved over a long distances and how it is organized to detect an error. Ethio telecom is a
perfect platform for student who wants to have awareness on voice and data communication. I
am greatly benefited from working with the dedicated profession in the company. The company
has provided a conductive working atmosphere among the staff. This does not only enabled us to
share an experience, but also develops what we know, seamless work flow, and harmonious
communication. This internship experience has made us to respect the electrical and computer
engineering department, electronic and communication stream in our four months stay.
Generally, within these four months we have gained different skills during the internship in
terms of the following:
3.1. In terms of improving practical skills
As the main purpose of the internship at the university levelly is facilitate or develop student
learning opportunities outside the class room, this experience provides the opportunity to apply
class room theory to real word station. Most of the courses we took in class dealt with the
theoretical side of engineering. Some lecturers took the initiative and tried to illustrate the
practical part of this field by displaying different graphic images in their lecture or suggested
materials that were more or less illustrative or even took us to the site to show what the actual
engineering looked like. But these trials were futile and failed to give us the clear picture.
Although this visits helped us get a little more acquainted with the tangible part, they were
simply not enough. This internship program was exactly what we needed to nurture the lack of
practical skills we had. While we were on the job we got the opportunity to learn different
aspects of practical Skills, such as:
 How to identify the errors during transmission.

 What physically BTS, BSC and MSC looks like.

 Seeing how communication device are managed and controlled in a way that is
efficient and wastage reducing .
 We were able to see the causes for network disconnections and the methods to solve the
problems practically.
 We have got great experience in each staffs of Ethio telecom such as, transmission, IP and
RAN.
3.2 In terms of upgrading theoretical knowledge

We upgrade our theoretical knowledge and improving our experience in to one level. This are:-
 The communication between mobile equipment, BTS, BSC and MSC.

 How mobile equipment communicates every time with around BTS.
 What an IP technology is.
 What is exchange
 What is MSAG
 What is ADSL,EPON,GPON
3.3 In terms of improving interpersonal communication skills

Improving our interpersonal communication skills, we began to interact with many workers in
the Company. During the internship experience we had improved our communication skills in
very good manner which we could talk to any person at the staff with confidence and as easily as
possible.
3.4. In terms of improving team playing skills
In a company it is very important to play as a team. If there are disagreements between the
employees, it is very difficult to go ahead with the works. And as part of a team, an engineer
should have to work with a positive attitude within a group for the success of a project. When
called upon to lead, an engineer must have good managerial and organizational skills. Confident
and enthusiastic engineers are able to succeed by gaining the trust of co-workers.
Good team worker possesses the following skills:-
 Communicates constructively.

 Listens actively.
 Functions as an active participant.
 Shares openly and willingly.
 Cooperates and pitches in to help.
 Shows commitment and monitoring to the team.
3.5. In terms of improving Leadership skills

We have observed that leadership is great responsibility that one has to make the team he is
leading initiated and encourage. This will enable us to get a good result, so that our work is as
perfect as or more than expected. To improve these leadership skills we tried to improve the
following basic thing
- Listing effectively
- Good speaking ability
- Critical thinking
- Motivate other
- Be respect other idea
Good management skills.

- Knowing the subject one is working on thoroughly
3.6 In terms of understanding about Work Ethics related issues
Work ethics are very important part of our personal as well as professional life. With the proper
work ethics, a person become more responsible and focused towards his/her job. The person also
cultivates a sense of achievement around his work. This definitely has some positive effects on
his/her career growth as well as on the progress of the company.
Some characteristics of good work ethics are:-
- Honest
- Respect to other.
- Cooperate
- Punctual
- Loyalty
- Transparence

3.7. In terms of Entrepreneurship skills

Entrepreneurship is defined as groups of people who organized or operate a business. We
understood that being an entrepreneur is not as simple as we have imaged before, rather it is
difficult to run because so many problems are expected to be faced. But it is also profitable, if
you are strong enough to face those problems, and a well-mannered and experienced managers
and human resource are assigned. The great thing that we have learned in terms of
entrepreneurship skill is to be bold to set up any kind of business and become profitable from it,
after you understand the concept of the business and get yourself familiarized with it.

CHAPTER FOUR
4. Project and Contribution

PROJECT TITLE: A) Efficient Online Work Allocation for Employee
4.1. INTRODUCTION
Ethiotelecom is currently on the way of upgrading the countries network infrastructure from its
2G to 3G on regional and from enhanced 2G to 4G on Addis Ababa town. To accomplish the
task the company agreed to two foreign companies i.e. HUAWEI and ZTE. At the time when we
practicing during internship period the companies are fully deployed to work. When the ethio
telecom managers allocate the sit managers early the work environment was very crowded and
time taking. During the internship period we have involved on solving problems at the staff we
observed and problems occurred during internet accesses through WAN and LAN, such as
broadcast collision and network security. To solve this we developed an efficient online work
allocation for employees. So every employee is able to check their sit allocation from the site
instead of asking the manager.
The proposed project includes the following futures:-
x It must be web based database application.

x The manager can manage the employees.
x Notification and remainder.
x The manager can manage the sites.
4.2. Feasibility of the project

4.2.1Project situation
This proposal is the Efficient Work-site Allocation for the employees to reduce the work stress
of the employee specially ethiotelecom at SSWR O&M. Any company recently does not
approved funding sufficiently to pay for the development of this proposal. We develop this
project by considering cost, time consuming and technology. We design for the sake of semester
internship project.

4.2.2 Technical feasibility

Technical resource needed to develop the application for the work allocation was basically using
the manual of the application. The company must have some important things to use the
application, special Data base designer, network availability and computer. Also we will install
some software needed such as window 7 or window 8, error detectors for code case and antivirus
to protect the computer from attack. In our project we did not use emphasize technology and
most expensive device. It is simple to use and it can stave off foreign exchange and foreign help,
because the user can simply use the application only by following the manual of the application.
4.2.3 Legal feasibility

This proposed is not conflict with legal requirements requirement like data protection acts or
social media lows.
4.2.4 Economic feasibility

Means the cost to develop this project is very easy comparing with the other project that have
done in the company as well as organization in our country. As we estimated the cost for
everything we will need for this proposal. Firstly, the work time taking is very less, that means it
can provide to perform other high costy work for all the people who are working in this project.
Secondly, the cost of hardware needed which include computer and internet cable were less
costy. In addition the company employee may need to have training session to teach them about
how can use the system. We consider the cost with our country standard also this application
does not need special man power to use.
4.3 Objective of the Project

Objective of the project refers to the general and specific objectives why and for what purpose
does the project done?
4.3.1 General Objective

The general objective of this project was:
 To avoid manual works and develop a tool for efficient online work allocation for
employee.

4.3.2 Specific Objective

The specific objective of this project is:-
 To Develop online work allocation System for the ethiotelecom employees to solve the
problems and bottlenecks which are found in the existing manual system which is
achieved by only one manager related to its employees. This online work allocation
system is a web based application that can be useful to employees and the managers in
the ethiotelecom company. Consequently, this web based database application gives the
speed to company tasks and satisfaction to the managers and employees.
 To reduce time-consuming as well as cost.
 To satisfy customers need without any complain.
 To efficient the work flow of the company
 To candidate the company
4.4. Scope of the project

Our project can perform the following:-
 Regular division of work for each employee.
 Checks the employee work efficiency.
 Accurate daily work-site order for each employee in the company.
 Give regular work distribution for employee.
 Save time and reduce exertion.
 Make the company candidate
4.5. Statement of the problem

Statement of the problem describes list of problems involved in the existing manual system. Of
course work allocation is not the only problems exist in the ethio telecom company. A lot
organizations, offices, and even universities are victims of such backward and manual works.
This previously existing manual works has the following disadvantages and too lose
 Unnecessary wastage of time and energy.
 Unfairness between employees with some selected employees.
 Unfair work distribution taking service availability as a reason for bad work ethics.
 Highly stressed work time of logistics and managers of the company.

4.6. Benefit of the project

The benefits of this project were mainly as follow:-
 To avoid Unfairness between employees with some selected employees.
 Used for fair distribution work taking service availability as a reason for bad work ethics.
 Used to avoid highly stressed work time of logistics and managers of the company.
 To avoid unnecessary wastage of time and energy.
 Used to reduce time-consuming as well as cost.
 To efficient the work flow of the company
 To candidate the company
4.7 Literature Review
4.7.1 Operating environment
This describes the environment in which the system will operate including the hardware
platform, operating system and version and any other software components or applications with
which it must peacefully coexist.
4.7.1.1 Hardware platform

 Client server architecture :- is a computing model that acts as a distributed application
which partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called
servers, and service requesters, called clients[16]
 Server:- is a host that is running one or more server programs which share their
resources with clients[13].
 Back up hard disk:- is a data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital
information[14].
4.7.1.2 Operating system

Microsoft SQL server 2008 R2:- is a server operating system produced by Microsoft Company.
Software used
Visual studio 2010 is the software tool to develop this project. It is amazing and very large and
complex software used to develop both web based as well as platform applications. It was the
newly version of visual studio 2008 which includes a lot of smart applications which are most of
the time user helper and simple for manipulation[15].

ASP.NET:
ASP.NET can be ASP.NET C# OR ASP.NET VB. But here in this project ASP.NET C# was
applied.[12]
ASP.NET C#: is a server side programming language which uses an HTML tags by cascading
them with cascaded style sheets (CSS).[10]
HTML (HyperText Markup Language):- Applets generally appear on pages in a Web browser
program. Such pages are themselves written in a language called HTML (HyperText Markup
Language). An HTML document describes the contents of a page. A Web browser interprets the
HTML code to determine what to display on the page. The HTML document does contain all the
text that appears on the page, but that text is “marked up” with commands that determine the
structure and appearance of the text and determine what will appear on the page in addition to
the text. The mark-up commands used by HTML are called tags [5].
Browser (Google chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer):- is a software application for
retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web [5].
4.8. System Design and Description of the project

Design details illustrate all the necessary steps followed from the start to the end of this project.
This all steps are shown briefly as follow.

Flow chart
Start
Login
Employee asks
the department
Is request
The request is cancelled
accepted? NO
YES
The department Notified to employee

asks the logistic
Is logistic
accepted? NO The request is cancelled
YES
Back the list to employee Notify the department

and the employee
Allocate the sites
Logistic approved and send message

to the department and employee
Remind the employee
END Fig 4.1 flow chart of online work allocation

SQL database tables

These tables are designed to store information’s required. The following list of tables is those
SQL database tables used to build online work allocation for employees.
Table 4.1 Site allocation DB table
Table 4.2 Employee DB table
Table 4.3 Logistic DB table

Table 4.4 Login page DB table
4.9. The final result or outputs of the project

Interfaces
Interfaces refer that asp.net C# pages to control different roles of the web application. These
pages are just HTML links and displayed on the content placeholder of master page file. As the
web application the system has
 User login page
 Main master page including booking page
 Help
User login page:-
It is used to control users of the system. Users of online work allocation system are those people
employed ethio telecom. The page has textboxes for putting username and passwords as well as
has to select his role inside the company to login to the system. This role is used to restrict the
user not to open pages that doesn’t be allowed to visit by him.

Figure 4.2 :User login page
Figure 4.3:Main display
Work allocation for employee’s page

This page includes the detailed information about the sites and the site managers that are
assigned to work.in addition the page includes the company’s assigned ,company person and the
addresses of both the company and ethio telecom site managers.

Logistic page
This page includes the detailed information of service allocation for the employee’s and
managers.
Figur 4.4 : Logistic page display
4.10 Conclusion
From this project we conclude that the online work allocation for employee is very essencial for
the campany that I have been, particularly ethiotelecom SSWR O&M center wolaita sodo. It was
proposed to solve many problem relating with the fair distrubution of work in our country rather
than manual system. A lot of organizations, offices, and even universities are victims of such
backward and manual works. So this my project can fulfilled the gap previously existing manual
works , such as unnecessary wastage of time and energy, unfairness between employees with
some selected employees, unfair work distribution taking service availability as a reason for bad
work ethics, highly stressed work time of logistics and managers of the company. Therefore, the
efficient online work allocation was very essential for Ethiotelecom Company as well as
organization and university to increase quality of service for customers and reduce the bias that
has done the manual system.

CHAPTER FIVE
5. Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1. Conclusion
Actually, this internship program is provided to introduce and to give how the professional life
looks like, and to make a bridge that links the student life with the professional life, in addition to
observe and fill the gap between the theoretical and practical knowledge. Telecommunication
network includes a lot of practices and activities, and in aspects of Telecommunication network
design we have come up to know and understand some basic things, to mention some:-
 Transmission technology
 IP-RAN network
 Connection of mobile, fixed line telephone and data network server
During the past four months we were able to see the different theoretical aspects, methodologies
and telecommunication network designs. In the supervision session, we were able to see the
important theoretical and practical aspects of telecommunication network. We were very curious
to know the telecommunication network and the tasks performed in the network, and we were
able to fulfill our curiosity in the internship program. Generally the most common practical
activities that are performed in telecommunication are related to the major activities like
controlling transmission link, configuring new site, identifying error during call setup. And in
our internship stay, we have tried to get ourselves involved on these three different areas to know
and experience the working methods they use related to the theoretical knowledge we have.
This program has played an important role in breaking the conventional thought that field works
can only be implemented to degree holder students or people who are experienced in
telecommunication networks. We were able to acquire a high level of confidence to deal with
problems that arise in telecommunication networks. Being an engineer in telecommunication
networks, he/she also has to be:-
 Sociable (to have a good communication skill)
 Actionable (fast responding)
 Problem solver

 Work focused
 Reliable and responsible for his/her work
 Reasonable for any fault encountered and
 Active at any time and punctual

Moreover the internship program laid sound foundation for us to start our career. We take pride
in contributing what is expected from as in building our nation during the country's extreme
critical period of the history. It definitely will be sensible to scale this practice up and to replicate
it in other disciplines as well.
5.2. Recommendation
 We are glad to recommend that before engaging the students in the internship program, the
university should pay attention to the order of courses to be given which are supportive and
major courses for the interns, like courses related to telecommunication network, especially
engineering software simulation.
 The company should give priority to safety and quality rather than economical profit, but as
we have observed in the company most of the devices are china products manufactured at
low price.
 The company should aim to serve its clients to the highest level of satisfaction, providing
the most appropriate and desired solutions with the best international standards of quality,
safety and environmental care to maximize the benefits of their stake holders, clients and
the community without overlooking ethical values on the professional and personal
development.
 Attention must be given for the workman follow ups in overall works of the
telecommunication network to prevent wastage and failure. Continuous assessment is
needed for the interns by the university supervisors in order to extend the knowledge and to
be informed on the status or performance of the interns. We know that it is beyond our
capacity, but we imagine that the network installation standard must be revised especially
the bit rate of the data network and the network performance of mobile network; it is low
compared to most countries.

Reference
[1]. Company Manual like DWDM, CWDM
[2]. Internet search
[3]. Training document
[4].Abiteboul,S.Hull,R.,andVianu,V.[1995]Foundations of Data bases,Addison-Wesley,1995.
[5].Adam,N.,andGongopadhyay,A.[1993]"Integrating Functional and Data Modeling in a
Computer Integrated Manufacturing System," in ICDE [1993].
[6]. Afsarmanesh,H., McLeod, D., Knapp, D., and Parker,A [1985]"An Extensible Object
Oriented Approachto Databases forVLSI/CAD,"in VLDB[1985].
[7]. Alashqur,A,Su, S., and Lam, H. [1989] "OQL: A Query Language for Manipulating Object-
Oriented Databases," in VLDB[1989].
[8]. Armstrong,W. [1974]"DependencyStructuresofDataBaseRelationships,"Proceedingsof the
IFIP Congress,1974.
[9]. Atkinson,M.,and Buneman,P. [1987] "Types and Persistence in Database Programming
Languages" in ACM ComputingSurveys,19:2,June1987.
[10]. Date,C.[1984] "A Critique of the SQL Database Language, "ACMSIGMOD Record,14:3,
November1984.
[11]. Elmasri, R.,Kouramajian,v., and Fernando’s. [1993] "Temporal Database Modeling: An
Object-Oriented Approach,"CIKM,November1993.
[12]. Gallaire,H.,andMinker, J., eds. [1978] Logic and Databases, Plenum Press, 1978.
[13]. Gallaire,H., Minker, J., and Nicolas,]., eds. [1981],Advances in
DatabaseTheory,vol.1,PlenumPress, 1981.
[14]. ICDE [1989]Proceedings of the IEEECS International Conference on Data Engineering,
Shuey, Jacobson, 1.,Christerson,M.,Jonsson, P.,Overgaard,G. [1992] Object Oriented Software
Engineering: A Use Case Driven Approach,Addison-Wesley,1992.
[15]. Ullman,J. [1989]Principles of Data base and Knowledge-Base Systems, vol. 2, Computer
Science Press, 1989.
[16]. Verhofstadt,J. [1978] "Recovery Techniques for Database Systems," ACM Computing
Surveys, 10:2, June 1978.

Appendices
Master page code
< % @ M a s t e r L a n g u a g e = "C#"Debug="true"AutoEventWireup="true"
C o d e F i l e = " m a s t e r p age.master.cs" Inherits="masterpage"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
<title></title>
<link href="StyleSheet.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<style type="text/css">
.style1
{
w i d t h: 2 3 5 p x ;
height: 304px;
margin-right: 0px;
}
.style2
{
w i d t h: 2 7 7 p x ;
height: 420px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<asp:ContentPlaceHolder id="head" runat="server">
</asp:ContentPlaceHolder>
<div id="upper">
</div>
<div id="nav">
<h3>

<a href="home.aspx">HOME</a>
<a href="employee.aspx">EMPLOYEE</a>
<a href="sitregistration.aspx">SITE
REGISTRATION</a>
<a href="work allocation.aspx">SITE ALLOCATION</a>
<a
href="logistic.aspx">serviceallocation</a>   &nbs
p;
<a href="servicealloocation.aspx">SERVICE</a>
<a href="help.aspx">HELP</a>
<a href="comment.aspx">COMMENTS</a>
</h3>
</div>
<div id="left">
<img class="style1" src="image/Capture.PNG" />
<img src="image/wana%20telecom%20hous.jpg"
style="width: 239px; height: 268px;" />
</div>
<div id="right">
<img alt="tt" class="style2" longdesc="tyty"
src="loginimage/download.jpg" />
</div>
<div id="inner">
<asp:ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder1" runat="server">
</asp:ContentPlaceHolder>
</div>
<div id="footer">
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>

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Internship

Report at ethiotelecom SSWR O&M 2 0 1 0 E .C

WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

Advisor name: - Adisu (Msc)

Duration: From March-July

WS U By Teshome Watro Page I

WS U By Teshome Watro Page I

WS U By Teshome Watro Page II

WS U By Teshome Watro Page III

WS U By Teshome Watro Page IV

Table 4.2 Employee DB table………………………………………………...………………….41

Table 4.3 Logistic DB table…………………………………………………….………………..41

Table 4.4 Login page DB table…………………………………………………………………..42

WS U By Teshome Watro Page V

BSS……………………...Base Station Subsystem

BTS……………………...Base Transceiver Station

CDMA…………………..Code Division Multiple Access

CITC-C……………….....Chinese International Telecommunication Construction Corporation

CSR……………………...Corporate Social Responsibility

DSL……………………...Digital Subscriber Line

DSLAM………………….Digital Subscriber Line access Multiplexer

DWDM…………………..Dense Wavelength division Multiple

EIR……………………….Equipment Identification Register

ETA………………………Ethiopia Telecommunication Authority

ETC……………………….Ethiopia Telecommunication Corporation

EVDO…………………….Evaluation Data Only or Evaluation Data Optimized

GOTA…………………….Global Open Trucking Architecture

GSM……………………...Global System for Mobile Communication

HLR…………………........Home Location Register

HTC………………………Huawei Technologies Corporation

HTML……………….........Hypertext Markup Language

WS U By Teshome Watro Page VI

IBRD………………….......International Bank of Reconstruction and Development

IBTE……………………….Imperial Board of Telecommunication of Ethiopia

IMSI………………………..International Mobile Subscriber Identity

ISDN…………………........Integrated Services Digital Network

ITU…………………………International Telecommunication Union

LAN………………………...Local Area Network

MOPTT……………….........The Ministry of Post, Telephone and Telegraph

MOS…………………………Mean Opinion Score

MPLS……………………….Multiple Protocol Labeled Switches

MSAG……………………….Multiple System Access Gateway

MSC………………………....Mobile Switching Center

NSS………………………….Network Switching Subsystem

OAD…………………………Optical Added and Dropped

OMD…………………………Optical Added and Dropped

OMS………………………….Operation Maintenance Subsystem

OPM………………………….Optical Power Meter

PESQ…………………………Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality

PIN……………………………Personal Identification Code

PUK…………………..............Personal unlock Code

RAN…………………………..Radio Access Network

SIM……………………………Subscriber Identity Module

WS U By Teshome Watro Page VII

SMC…………………................Service Management System

SMS…………………………….Short Messaging Service

SQL……………………………..Structured Query language

TTS……………………………..Trouble management System

UIL……………………………...University Industry Linkage