exceeds width of the column c2 shall be provided as 3.1.

6 Splicing of Longitudinal Bars

shown in Fig. 1B throughout the beam span including 6.2.6.1 Lap splices
within the beam column joint
When adopted, closed links shall be provided over the
3.1 Longitudinal Reinforcement entire length over which the longitudinal bars are
spliced. Further,
3.1.1 The longitudinal reinforcement in beams shall
be as given below: a) the spacing of these links shall not exceed
150 mm (see Fig. 3).
a) Beams shall have at least two 12 mm diameter
bars each at the top and bottom faces. b) the lap length shall not be less than the
development length of the largest longitudinal
b) Minimum longitudinal steel ratio min required
reinforcement bar in tension.
on any face at any section is:
c) lap splices shall not be provided,
fck 1) within a joint ;
min  0.24
fy 2) within a distance of 2d from face of the
column; and
3.1.2 Maximum longitudinal steel ratio max provided
3) within a quarter length of the beam
on any face at any section is 0.025.
adjoining the location where flexural
3.1.3 Longitudinal steel on bottom face of a beam yielding may occur under earthquake
framing into a column (at the face of the column) shall effects.
be at least half the steel on its top face at the same d) not more than 50 percent of area of steel bars
section. At exterior joints, the anchorage length on either top or bottom face shall be spliced
calculation shall consider this bottom steel to be tension at any one section.
steel.
3.1.4 Longitudinal steel in beams at any section on top
or bottom face shall be at least 1/4th of longitudinal
steel provided at the top face of the beam at the face of
the column; when the top longitudinal steel in the beam
at the two supporting column faces is different, the
larger of the two shall be considered.
3.1.5 At an exterior joint, top and bottom bars of beams FIG. 3 LAP LENGTH AT LOCATION OF SPLICING OF
shall be provided with anchorage length beyond the LONGITUDINAL BARS IN BEAM
inner face of the column, equal to development length 6.2.6.2 Mechanical couplers
of the bar in tension plus 10 times bar diameter minus
the allowance for 90° bends (see Fig. 2). Mechanical couplers (conforming to IS 16172) shall
be used when longitudinal steel bars have to be
continued for beam spans larger than their
manufactured lengths. Further,
a) only those mechanical splices conforming to
the above code and capable of developing the
specified tensile strength of spliced bar shall
be permitted within a distance equal to two
times the depth of the member from the
member face or in any location where yielding
of reinforcement is likely to take place; and
b) the spacing between adjacent longitudinal bars
shall be based also on the outer size of the
coupler to allow easy flow of concrete.
6.2.6.3 Welded splices
Welded splices shall not be used in beams for a distance
equal to two times the depth of the member from the
FIG. 2 ANCHORAGE OF LONGITUDINAL BEAM BARS AT member face or in any location where yielding of
EXTERIOR BEAM-COLUMN JOINT reinforcement is likely to take place. At any location,
5
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IS 13920 : 2016

not more than 50 percent of area of steel bars shall be

– 1.4 M u  M u and
As Bh
V =V D+L
spliced at any one section.
u,a u,a
LAB
Welding of links, ties, inserts or other similar elements
Vu,b = V u,bD+L + 1.4 M u  M u .
As Bh
to vertical reinforcement bars required as per design is
LAB
not permitted, in any seismic zone.
2) For sway to left:
3.2 Transverse Reinforcement
M Ah  M Bs
Vu,a = Vu,a D+L – 1.4 u u
and
3.2.1 Only vertical links shall be used in beams LAB
(see Fig. 4A); inclined links shall not be used. And,
+ 1.4 M u  M u
Ah Bs
V =V D+L

a) in normal practice, a link is made of a single u,b u,b

LAB
bent bar. But, it may be made of two bars also,

namely a U-link with a 135° hook with an where M Asu , M Ahu , M Bsu and MBhu are sagging and
extension of 6 times diameter (but not less than hogging moments of resistance of the beam section at
65 mm) at each end, embedded in the core ends A and B, respectively. These shall be calculated
concrete, and a cross-tie (see Fig. 4B). as per IS 456. LAB is clear span of the beam. Vu,aD+L and
b) the hooks of the links and cross-ties shall V u,bD+L are the factored shear forces at ends A and B,
engage around peripheral longitudinal bars. respectively, due to vertical loads acting on the span;
Consecutive crossties engaging the same the partial safety factor for dead and live loads shall be
longitudinal bars shall have their 90°hooks at 1.2, and the beam shall be considered to be simply
opposite sides of the beam. When the supported for this estimation.
longitudinal reinforcement bars are secured The design shear force demand at end A of the beam
by cross-ties in beams that have a slab on one shall be the larger of the two values of Vu,a computed
side, the 90° hooks of the cross-ties shall be above. Similarly, the design shear force demand at end
placed on that side. B shall be the larger of the two values of Vu,b computed
above.

FIG. 4 DETAILS OF TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT IN

BEAMS

3.2.2 The minimum diameter of a link shall be 8 mm.

3.2.3 Shear force capacity of a beam shall be more
than larger of, FIG. 5 CALCULATION OF DESIGN SHEAR FORCE DEMAND
a) factored shear force as per linear structural ON BEAMS UNDER PLASTIC HINGE ACTION AT THEIR ENDS
analysis; and
b) factored gravity shear force, plus equilibrium 3.2.4 In the calculation of design shear force capacity
shear force when plastic hinges are formed at of RC beams, contributions of the following shall not
both ends of the beam (see Fig. 5) given by : be considered:
1) For sway to right: a) Bent up bars,
6
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IS 13920 : 2016

FIG. 6 DETAILS OF TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT IN BEAMS

b) Inclined links, and and inclined members resisting earthquake-induced

c) Concrete in the RC section. effects, in which the factored axial compressive stress
due to gravity and earthquake effects exceeds 0.08 fck.
3.2.5 Close Spacing of Links The factored axial compressive stress considering all
Spacing of links over a length of 2d at either end of a load combinations relating to seismic loads shall be
beam shall not exceed, limited to 0.40 fck in all such members, except in those
covered in 10.
a) d/4;
For various shapes of columns other than rectangular
b) 8 times the diameter of the smallest
and circular like ‘T' shaped, ‘X' shaped, etc.,
longitudinal bar; and
appropriate designs and detailing shall be carried out
c) 100 mm (see Fig. 6). using specialist literature where such columns are part
6.3.5.1 The first link shall be at a distance not of lateral load resisting systems.
exceeding 50 mm from the joint face. 7.1.1 The minimum dimension of a column shall not
6.3.5.2 Closely spaced links shall be provided over a be less than,
length equal to 2d on either side of a section where a) 20 db, where db is diameter of the largest
flexural yielding may occur under earthquake effects.
diameter longitudinal reinforcement bar in the
Over the remaining length of the beam, vertical links
beam passing through or anchoring into the
shall be provided at a spacing not exceeding d/2. column at the joint, or
4 COLUMNS AND INCLINED MEMBERS b) 300 mm (see Fig. 7).
7.1.2 The cross-section aspect ratio (that is, ratio of
4.1 Geometry
smaller dimension to larger dimension of the cross-
Requirements of this section shall apply to columns section of a column or inclined member) shall not be

FIG. 7 MINIMUM SIZE OF RC COLUMNS BASED ON DIAMETER OF LARGEST LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT BAR IN
BEAMS FRAMING INTO IT

7
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IS 13920 : 2016
 less than 0.45. Vertical members of RC buildings whosecross-section aspect ratio is less than 0.4 shall
be designed as per requirements of 9.

4.2 Relative Strengths of Beams and Columns at aJoint

At each beam-column joint of a moment-resisting