To

Mr Mustanir M Lodhi
By
M Sami Ur Rehman
Non verbal
communication
CommunlcaLlon skllls

asslgnmenL

Sam| ur rehman
3]11]2011

-n verba| Cmmun|cat|n
Nonverbal communication, or body language, is a vital form of
communication. When we interact with others, we continuously
give and receive countless wordless signals. All of our nonverbal
behaviors-the gestures we make, the way we sit, how fast or
how loud we talk, how close we stand, how much eye contact we
make-send strong messages.
The way you listen, look, move, and react tell the other person
whether or not you care and how well youre listening. The
nonverbal signals you send either produce a sense of interest,
trust, and desire for connection-or they generate disinterest,
distrust, and confusion.

DLII-I1IC-
A significant amount of the communication that goes on between people is
non-verbal. Although most people do not realize it, and more cannot pick
up on it, people are constantly using their bodies to send signs to each
other. These signs can indicate what they are truly feeling at the time or
they can be misinterpreted by the other person and misunderstanding can
result. Thus, understanding your body language and correctly reading the
body language of others can be critical in effective communication.

Characteristic
1. Non-verbal messages primarily communicate emotions, attitudes.
2. Non-verbal cues substitute for, contradict, emphasize or regulate
verbal message.
. Non-verbal cues are often ambiguous.
4. Non-verbal cues are continuous.
5. Non-verbal cues are more reliable.
6. Non-verbal cues are culture bound.
7. Non-verbal behavior always has communicative value.
Non-verbal communication is powerful.

%5e of non verbaI communication:
There are many different types of nonverbal communication. Together, the
following nonverbal signals and cues communicate your interest and
investment in others.
Facial expressions
The human face is extremely expressive, able to express countless emotions
without saying a word. And unlike some forms of nonverbal communication,
facial expressions are universal. The facial expressions for happiness,
sadness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust are the same across cultures.
Body movements and posture
Consider how your perceptions of people are affected by the way they sit,
walk, stand up, or hold their head. The way you move and carry yourself
communicates a wealth of information to the world. This type of nonverbal
communication includes your posture, bearing, stance, and subtle
movements.
Gestures
Gestures are woven into the fabric of our daily lives. We wave, point,
beckon, and use our hands when were arguing or speaking animatedly-
expressing ourselves with gestures often without thinking. However, the
meaning of gestures can be very different across cultures and regions, so its
important to be careful to avoid misinterpretation.
Eye contact
Since the visual sense is dominant for most people, eye contact is an
especially important type of nonverbal communication. The way you look at
someone can communicate many things, including interest, affection,
hostility, or attraction. Eye contact is also important in maintaining the flow
of conversation and for gauging the other persons response.
%ouch
We communicate a great deal through touch. Think about the messages
given by the following: a firm handshake, a timid tap on the shoulder, a
warm bear hug, a reassuring pat on the back, a patronizing pat on the head,
or a controlling grip on your arm.
Space
Have you ever felt uncomfortable during a conversation because the other
person was standing too close and invading your space? We all have a need
for physical space, although that need differs depending on the culture, the
situation, and the closeness of the relationship. You can use physical space
to communicate many different nonverbal messages, including signals of
intimacy, aggression, dominance, or affection.
Voice
We communicate with our voices, even when we are not using words.
Nonverbal speech sounds such as tone, pitch, volume, inflection, rhythm,
and rate are important communication elements. When we speak, other
people "read our voices in addition to listening to our words. These
nonverbal speech sounds provide subtle but powerful clues into our true
feelings and what we really mean. Think about how tone of voice, for
example, can indicate sarcasm, anger, affection, or confidence.

Interpret|ng nn verba| messages
s there ever any doubt in your mind as to the mood oI a coworker upon their
arrival at work? Nonverbal communication is the single most powerIul Iorm oI
communication. More than voice or even words, nonverbal communication cues
you in to what is on another person`s mind. The best communicators are sensitive
to the power oI the emotions and thoughts communicated nonverbally.
Nonverbal communication ranges Irom Iacial expression to body language.
Gestures, signs, and use oI space are also important in nonverbal communication.
Multicultural diIIerences in body language, Iacial expression, use oI space, and
especially, gestures, are enormous and enormously open to misinterpretation.
In an organization
To ensure successful communications within your organization, it is best to
start with the very basics: your knowledge of verbal and non-verbal
communications. n the workplace, these types of communications are
continually exchanged, oftentimes without much planning or even the
thought that such communications are taking place.

iving Peo5Ie %ime
$etting aside a specific time for meetings and regular communications is a
great idea. This allows time for everyone involved to prepare. Also, keep in
mind that listening is oftentimes much more productive when working to
communicate effectively, and can very well be more important than talking.
Allow everyone involved the time they need to communicate effectively.


Enhancing Your Communications
O Because gestures can both compliment and contradict your message, be
mindIul oI these.
O ye contact is an important step in sending and receiving messages. ye
contact can be a signal oI interest, a signal oI recognition, even a sign oI
honesty and credibility.
O losely linked to eye contact are Iacial expressions, which can reIlect
attitudes and emotions.
O !osture can also be used to more eIIectively communicate your message.
O lothing is important. By dressing Ior your job, you show respect Ior the
values and conventions oI your organization.
O Be mindIul oI people`s personal space when communicating. Do not
invade their personal space by getting too close and do not conIuse
communications by trying to exchange messages Irom too Iar away.



1|ps fr effect|ve use f n|n verba|
cmmun|cat|n

hether at a huge political rally or homeowner's association meeting, reverential
anticipatory silence is oIIered to very Iew. Much oI your success in getting a
group's attention and keeping it hinges on your skill with non-verbal
communication rather than what you have to say. Use appropriate visual coding as
well as the right verbal conventions to increase your chances oI successIul
communication.

S1L U
n many cultures, slouching is considered a sign oI disrespect. n estern culture it
telegraphs that the speaker is not engaged in his task. Sit or stand straight beIore
speaking; imagine a string that pulls right up your backbone. !ay physical attention
to the speaker who precedes you by watching; listen Ior the audience's reactions to
get a "sense oI the room" but don't watch them. ear business dress Ior most
public speaking; it is universally recognized and shows that the speaker takes his
task--and his audience---seriously. hen it's time to speak, stand up straight, hold
your head up and speak up; you know more about your subject than most oI your
audience.

LkkLSSIC-S
Once at the podium, address your audience with your eyes beIore speaking to let
them know that they, not your notes, are your Iocus. Use active eye contact; move
Irom person to person, involving but not intimidating individuals. Michael .
orbalis maintains that language may have evolved Irom gestures, making them an
integral part oI any spoken words. Today's audiences, however, are accustomed to
subtle television-sized gestures. According to harles Tidwell at Andrews
University, women smile more than men; both should limit smiles because they
may be interpreted as artiIiciality. Use nods, Iacial expressions and hand gestures
to accent, reinIorce or complement messages. Nods or gestures should emphasize
or move attention to, say, visual aids. Too many Iacial expressions or hand
gestures telegraph distraction or lack oI preparation.

-CW AUDIL-CL
ou don't have to know every individual in the audience but you do need to respect
general cultural conventions with the group. Deals have been broken and clients
lost because oI a gesture with a negative cultural meaning. Don't attempt to remake
yourselI in what you think is their image; just stay away Irom gestures that might
be interpreted as negative. Robert Like advises health care providers to avoid
prolonged direct eye contact with any individual in an Asian audience but that eye
contact is imperative with Latin Americans. !ointing with the index Iinger is rude
in some cultures. The "OK" sign with thumb and IoreIinger is considered the sign
Ior money in Japan but it is an obscene gesture in some astern uropean
countries. n Latin America shrugging with palms up can be a vulgar gesture.
Avoid using gestures that have negative meanings in other cultures as a matter oI
habit; that way, you won't make a mistake when you actually address or present to
a group with members Irom another culture.

1ne
Tone oI voice is a powerIul aspect oI message delivery. I you say the words "'m
so happy to see you" through gritted teeth, the other person will inIer a diIIerent
message Irom your tone than the words themselves suggest. Regardless oI the
words you say, your tone can imply disdain, anger, happiness or any other emotion.

Cntrad|ctry 8ehav|rs
According to Help Guide, nonverbal communication should reinIorce the words
someone is saying. n many cases, a person might say one thing and his body
language might say something else. Observe the other person's tone, gestures,
posture and eye contact to determine whether it matches his message. Awareness
oI contradictory words and behaviors can lead to greater understanding oI a
situation.
When In Dubt Ask
Though there are common interpretations oI nonverbal cues, nonverbal behaviors
do not have Iixed meanings. hen mixed messages Irom someone result in
conIusion about what she is trying to express, ask her to clariIy. Use phrases such
as "As you see it..." or " get the impression that..." and repeat the other person's
basic message to her. This gives her the chance to conIirm or clariIy the message.




Summary
!eople react to the unspoken, as much (iI not more) to how something is said as to
what are the explicit meaning oI the words. Misunderstandings can oIten be
clariIied iI the people involved have the ability to notice and comment on the
nonverbal communications in an interaction. !eople will beneIit Irom learning the
range oI nonverbal behaviors in order to clariIy the oIten subtle dynamics oI the
situations they Iind themselves in. For example, in a marriage, sometimes the other
person gets irritated by some mysterious event: xploring what was the problem
may lead to an awareness that the way something was said communicated an
unintended meaning! By making the nonverbal communication more clear,
misunderstandings can be resolved.