Forces and Space Exploration

The Purpose of today's lesson is to be able to

answer the title question: How do I calculate
Speed
You will know you have been successful if
you can:
1.Explain the equation for calculating
speed
2.Use the equation to calculate speed
3.Be able to analyse a speed time graph
Starter:
What is Mass? What units is mass measured in?
What is weight? What units is weight measured in?
What is Earths Gravitational Field Strength?
What about the Moon? Jupiter?

Academic Vocabulary: Forces, Speed, Distance, Time, Velocity, Distance time graph
 Speed and Velocity are both how fast
you’re going
Speed and velocity both measure how fast you’re going, but
speed is a scalar and velocity is a vector:
Speed is just how fast you’re going (e.g. 30 mph or 20 m/s) with no
regard to the direction. Velocity is speed in a given direction, e.g. 30
mph north.

This means you can have objects

travelling at a constant speed with a
changing velocity. This happens when
the object is changing direction whilst
staying at the same speed.
 Calculating speed
Speed (m/s) = distance travelled
(m) D
time taken (s)
1) Oli walks 200 metres in 40 seconds. What is his
speed? 5m/s 2m/s S T
2) Ella covers 2km in 1,000 seconds. What is her
Speed = Distance /
speed? Time
3) How long would 10s
it take Grace to run 100 metres if Time = Distance /
Speed
she runs at 10m/s? Distance = Speed x
4) Alex runs to the shop to buy the new Fallout game Time
1000
and travels at 50m/s for 20s. How far does he mgo?
5) Jasmine drives her car at 85mph (about
500s40m/s).
 QUICK CHECK: Calculating speed
40m/
1. A car drives 200m in 5s. Calculate the speed of the car.
s
2. A person walks for 500s and travels a total distance of
1.7m/s
850m. Calculate the average speed of the person.
3000
3. A rocket is fired at 200m/s, how far would it travel in 15s?
m
4. A spaceship travels 5000m at a speed of 123,000m/s.
Calculate the time taken for the spaceship to travel this
0.04s
distance at this speed.
5. A marathon runner can run at a constant pace of 8m/s for a 5,250s =
87.5mins
whole marathon of 42km. How long would it take to =
complete the race? 1h27min3
DO NOW TASK: Describe the motion of the
graph
A distance time graph can be used to illustrate the motion of an object in terms of
the distance travelled in a certain time. The y-axis tells you the distance and x-axis
the time. A distance-time graph can also be used to find the speed of an object.

Describe the motion of the graph:

a. The object moves 5m in 15 mins.

c b. It then moves 20m in 30mins

b c. It doesn’t move for 7min30s

d d. It travels back home 25m in 22min30s

a
 What is a distance-time graph?
• A distance-time graph is a useful way of showing how something moves.
It shows the distance that something travels over a certain time.
• The slope tells you the speed. If the line is steep the object is
moving fast. If it is not very steep then the object is moving
slowly. Q1. Which is
Q2. State what a distance-time graph shows. travelling fastest in
Q3. Compare graph (a) with graph (b) below. What the graph
does the line tell you about the speed of the object in opposite?
each journey.
(A)
What happens if you stay still? The
This is a very (B) line on the distance-time graph is
simple distance- horizontal.
time graph. The
object moves the
same distance
each second.
Interpreting Distance-time graphs
2) Horizontal line 4) Diagonal
40 = line
downwards
30 =
Distanc
e
20
(metres
)
10 Time/s

0
20 40 60 80 100

1) Diagonal line 3) Steeper diagonal line =

=
Interpreting Distance-time graphs
2) Horizontal line 4) Diagonal line
40 = Stationary downwards = Constant
(still) speed moving in a
30 backwards direction.
Distanc
e
20
(metres
)
10 Time/s

0
20 40 60 80 100
1) Diagonal line = 3) Steeper diagonal line = Faster
constant speed in a constant speed (Faster than in
forward direction 1)
PRACTICE: Drawing distance-time
graphs
Time Distance The table opposite shows one journey.
(s) (m) Use the data to plot a distance/time
0 0 graph of the journey on graph paper.
3 6
CHALLENGE: Describe each part of the
6 12
journey.
9 12 Key words: stationary, constant speed,
12 12 forward direction, backwards direction.
15 8
18 4
21 0
PRACTICE: Drawing distance-time
graphs
Horizontal line = Stationary
Time Distance 12
• • (still)•
(s) (m) PEER
10
0 0 CHECK
Diagonal line
downwards =

Metres
3 6 8
• Constant
speed
6 12 6
• Diagonal line = moving in a
9 12 constant speed in backwards
a forward direction direction.
12 12
4
•
CHALLENGE: Describe
15 8 2 each part of the
journey.
18 4
21 0 0
•
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 28
Seconds
 Drawing a distance-time graph from
Distance
(m) descriptions.
25 1) This object starts at
0m and then travels
5m in the first 10s.
20
2) It then stands still for
5s.
15
3) It then travels 15m in
the next 5s.
10
4) It then stands still for
10s.
5
5) It then travels 10m
backwards in the last
0 10 20 30 40 50 20s.

Time (s)
QUICK 40
CHECK G B
N
1 Distanc 30
e
(metres 20
)
10

Y Time/s
0
20 40 60 80 100
1) Who was travelling the fastest? G

2) Who was travelling the slowest (but still N

moving)?
Y
3) Who didn’t move?
 QUICK CHECK
2
Answer these
60 questions:
1. How far had the object 15
gone after 5 seconds?
45 m
2. How far had the object
Distance
Distanc gone after 10 seconds? 15
(meters)
e 30 m
(metres
3. When is the object 5-10
standing still?
) 15 second
4. When was the object
s
0
travelling the fastest? 10-15
5 10 15 second
Time taken (seconds)
s
QUICK CHECK
3
1.How far does
20
Jenny travel? miles

2.What time does 1.5 hrs,

Jenny stop for 30
lunch and how minutes
long does she
stop for?
2.0
3.When is Jenny hrs
travelling at her
fastest?
 Space

The Purpose of today's lesson is to be able to

answer the title question: Speed, time + distance
experiment
You will know you have been successful if
you can:
1.Explain the equation for calculating
speed
2.Use the equation to calculate speed
3.Be able to analyse a speed time graph
Starter:
How do you calculate
Speed?
Distance?
Time?

Academic Vocabulary: Forces, Speed, Distance, Time, Velocity, Distance time graph
 Investigating Speed, Distance and time
Aim: How does the angle of a slope influence speed and
distance?
Prediction: What
do you think will
happen to distance
and speed of a car if
the slope angle is
increased?

Method
1) Place a car/trolley at the top of a ramp. Measure the length of the
ramp.
2) Release the car and time how long it takes to complete the set
distance
3) Gradually increase the height and angle of the ramp to see if it
influences the speed and distance travelled
 Investigating Speed, Distance and time
Aim: How does the angle of a slope influence speed
and distance?
1. Hypothesis and Prediction CHALLENGE: Explain your
• As the angle increases the speed increases prediction.
• As the angle increases the distance travelled
increases

2. Independent variable:
The height and angle of the ramp (degrees and CM)

3. Dependent variable:
The speed and distance travelled

4. Control variables:
1. The starting point of your
measurement
 Investigating Speed, Distance and time
Aim: How does the angle of a slope influence speed and
distance?
INSTRUCTIONS Height Speed Distance
1 Plot your results on a graph.
5 a) 4.4 b) 4.9 c)5 2
2 Draw a straight line through the
points that fit best. 10 a) 2.8 B)2.5 C)2.8 2
3 Describe the pattern shown by 15 a) 1.8 b) 1.9 C)2.7 2
your results. Use numbers in 20 a) 1.6 B) 2 c)1.7 2
your answer if possible. 25 a) 1.3 b) 1.4 C)1.9 2
4 Do your results match your
30 a) 1.3 b)1.3 c)1.4 2
prediction? Explain your answer.
5 Describe two ways you could 35 a) 1.3 b)1.1 C)1.4 2
improve your experiment.

Speed = Distance /
Time
 Investigating Speed, Distance and time
Aim: How does the angle of a slope influence speed and
distance?
INSTRUCTIONS Height Time Taken Distance Speed
1 Plot your results on a graph. White car
2 Draw a straight line through the 5 Cm a) 4.4 2 0.45
points that fit best. 10 cm a) 2.8 2 0.71
3 Describe the pattern shown by 15 cm a) 1.8 2 1.1
your results. Use numbers in
20 cm a) 1.6 2 1.25
your answer if possible.
4 Do your results match your 25 cm a) 1.3 2 1.53
prediction? Explain your answer. 30 cm a) 1.3 2 1.53
5 Describe two ways you could 35cm a) 1.3 2 1.53
improve your experiment.

Speed = Distance /
Time
Results and Graph ✔ Pencil
✔ Ruler
Height Speed Distance ✔ Graph paper
5 ✔ Axis - headings
10 ✔ Axis - units
✔ Accurate Plots
15
✔ Title
20 ✔ Equal scale
25 ✔ Fills the page
30 ✔ Line of best fit
35
40
45
50
55
ANALYSIS - Use your graph to find out:
1) At which height was the speed the highest.
2) At which height did the car achieve the
furthest distance.
CONCLUSION

Use your graph and results to come to a conclusion.

Were our hypothesis correct?

A) As the angle increases the speed increases

B) As the angle increases the distance travelled increases

Hypothesis A was Partially True our results showed that at the

angle of the ramp increase as we added height the speed of the
car increased from 0.45 to 1.53 metres per second. However once
the height of the ramp went above 25 cm the car travelled at a
constant speed of 1.53 metres per second meaning that our
hypothesis was partially true_