Gender food security forests - presentation
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The document discusses the links between gender, food security, forests, and climate change. It notes that women play multiple roles as farmers, foresters, livestock managers, and more. Their livelihood strategies involve various integrated activities. Women's education and status are correlated with better child nutrition outcomes. The document outlines how climate change will impact men and women differently due to varying roles, resources, knowledge, and vulnerabilities. It calls for empowering women in climate-related decision making, projects, and information to enhance resilience and food security.
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Gender food security forests - presentation
- 1. Gender, food security, forests and climate change
- 2. Women are not foresters or farmers – they are both, and more Average time in a Sleep 24 hour day – Leisure – social networking southern Zimbabwe Domestic work Woodlands Dryland crops Vegetable garden
- 3. Women manage livestock, crops and wild resources
- 4. Women as integrators Livelihood strategies involve multiple activities - choosing what to grow, raise, gather, or sell is never a decision made in isolation of other options
- 5. As an aside Therefore, Forestry cannot be decoupled from Agriculture REDD+ recognises “agriculture as a driver of deforestation” but has not thought through how to integrate forestry and agriculture to enhance livelihoods
- 6. Women‟s education and status are key to child nutrition The first 1000 days of a child‟s life are the most important in terms of their life-long health, well-being and performance Countries‟ successes in improving child nutrition are more strongly correlated with women‟s education and status (>50%) than with making food more available (36%)
- 7. Gender roles are linked to climate adaptation and mitigation Globally, men and women tend to perform different jobs/tasks Climate change will alter what they can do, exposing men and women to different risks and opportunities Men and women have different access to resources, including physical (e.g markets), social (e.g. networks), financial (e.g. credit), natural (e.g. land, water) In times of change, they will have different options and „safety nets‟ for coping with change
- 8. Differing sets of knowledge and skills Men may know which seeds to plant when the onset of rains is delayed; women may be able to judge which tree species fare better in droughts
- 9. Yet, women often not as connected to the formal networks and information providers 80 % of households with access to cell phones 70 60 50 40 Male-headed 30 Female-headed 20 10 0 Kenya Tanzania Uganda Ethiopia
- 10. Recent findings regarding weather advisories • Daily weather forecasts are reaching both men and women, through radio for men and women in some places; through church and groups for women in most – but with limited use • Seasonal weather forecasts are rare, and the current format is problematic for smallholders to understand and use Source: CCAFS-FAO Gender-CC study in Bangladesh, Uganda and Ghana
- 11. Challenges for climate-smart livelihoods • Learning visits to „climate analogue‟ sites is desirable but problematic for women for various reasons • „Climate smart practices are being taken up, but only the easiest ones, and largely not by women Source: CCAFS-FAO Gender-CC study in Bangladesh, Uganda and Ghana
- 12. Yet women are marginalized from ownership and decisions In sub-Saharan Africa women produce 80% of the food but own less than 10% of land Participation in decision making and politics, and access to decision makers is not always equal for men and women
- 13. Women are poorly represented in agricultural, forestry, meteorological and policy professions (e.g. two recent CC meetings) Meeting 1 overall Meeting 2 overall attendance (n=250) attendance (n=188) Women Women Men Men Meeting 1 plenary Meeting 2 plenary presenters (n=13) presenters (n=7) Women Women Men Men
- 14. What this means in the context of climate change Greater vulnerability of women: • More extreme weather events: women and children are 14 times more likely to die than men during disasters • Water scarcity will increase women‟s labour Gender-specific abilities to act: • Women determine family nutritional security • Agricultural productivity increases radically when women have equal access to inputs
- 15. Women as the key to family food security and child nutrition There is lots of evidence that interventions aimed at women lead to enhanced child nutrition and food security at the household level
- 16. Actions to empower women in dealing with climate change Understand women‟s priorities when selecting crop varieties, farming practices and natural resource mgmt for adaptation interventions Strengthen women‟s resource tenure (also to improve performance of REDD+ and access to carbon markets) Link early warning systems to nutrition programmes Invest in capacity of women professionals in agriculture, forestry & climate change
- 17. Incorporating gender into local and community-level actions Use participatory approaches to involve all members of the community in planning and improve understanding of local gender roles and differing vulnerabilities Draw on local knowledge, which is linked to men‟s and women‟s gender-differentiated roles; enhance local capacity to adapt Tailor science-based climate prediction information to different groups‟ needs to make it more useful and used by smallholders (co-creation of new knowledge)
- 18. Climate Change and Key Gender Research Questions 1. How do the different types of climate change impacts, such as more frequent droughts and flooding, differently affect men and women? 2. In what ways do men and women adapt to climate variability and extreme events? 3. How do men‟s and women‟s roles complement each other when coping with changing climate conditions? 4. How may gender roles change when climate conditions change?
Editor's Notes
- IFPRI examined the factors that helped reduce child malnutrition by 15 percent in the developing world between 1970 and 1995, using panel data from a number of countries. The evidence shows that increases in women's education accounted for 43 percent of the total reduction in child malnutrition, by far the largest contribution. Improvements in women's status accounted for another 12 percent. Improvements in food availability came in a distant second to women's education, contributing 26 percent to the rate of reduction.
- Men may migrate for work while women may spend more time collecting fuel and water, for example.
- But there are great opportunities (where the ‘gender gap’ is starting to narrow, e.g. in places like Kenya and Tanz!) Increasingly, rural people are using cellphones to access market and other information that helps them adapt to a changing environment. Women own fewer cellphones than men do, however, and in places like Ethiopia, few households own them, period. In Kenya, however, almost of half of the female-headed hh’s surveyed in CCAFS’s baseline survey had cellphones. Further research is pursuing issues surrounding use of cellphones to make improved seasonal weather forecasts useful and used, by both women and men.
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- Climate analogues are places that are already experiencing your future predicted climate (they are based on rainfall and temperature model predictions for your place). Re: Climate-smart agricultural practices (changes in soil, land, water mgment practices that are both adaptive and mitigative): Farmers across the CCAFS sites in 12 countries and 3 regions are changing crops, varieties, animal breeds, and timing of farming activities and planting trees on farms, but very few are taking up the kinds of soil, land, water conservation and management practices that will be needed in the face of a changing climate! Actions that improve incentives for women to take these up are needed!!!
- Fact on disasters fromIUCN/WEDO 2007Statement on ag productivity backed by a number of studies cited in the FAO “gender gap” SOFA 2011
- What else to emphasize here???