This document summarizes renewable energy development in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It notes that only 1.5% of the country's electricity comes from renewable sources, though there is significant potential, especially for solar. Both political entities promote renewables through feed-in tariffs. Tariffs vary by technology and location but are guaranteed for 12-15 years. Overall the policies aim to increase renewables and align with EU directives, though the country faces challenges in coordinating policies across its complex political structure.
EASTERN AFRICA POWER POOL (EAPP) AND EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY (EAC)
This document provides an introduction to the Eastern Africa Power Pool (EAPP) and East African Community (EAC) Regional Power System Master Plan and Grid Code Study. The study aims to identify regional power generation and transmission projects to interconnect the power systems of EAPP countries in the short and long term. It also aims to develop a common transmission interconnection code to facilitate integrated development and operations. The study covers 10 countries and seeks to contribute to institutional capacity building. It provides background on existing interconnections in the region and ongoing studies on cross-border opportunities.
The document discusses infrastructure development in Sri Lanka. It notes that the government has undertaken major infrastructure projects across the country as outlined in development plans. While government funding for infrastructure has increased, more private financing is needed through public-private partnerships. Key sectors discussed include telecommunications, energy, ports, and transportation. The telecommunications sector has grown significantly with increased mobile phone usage. The energy sector struggled with high oil prices initially but conditions improved later in the year. Port services and passenger transportation saw moderate growth.
The document provides an overview of Cyprus's energy market and renewable energy sources. Some key points:
- Cyprus has a small, isolated energy system and relies entirely on imported fossil fuels for its energy needs. Energy costs are high due to this dependence on imports.
- Renewable energy sources and energy efficiency are being promoted through various policies, laws, and incentive programs to help increase the use of local renewable resources and reduce reliance on imports.
- The Vasilikos Energy Centre is being developed to facilitate import, storage and distribution of oil products and natural gas, helping diversify Cyprus's energy sources.
- Various renewable technologies like solar, wind and biomass are being supported through feed-in
The document summarizes drivers of electricity price increases in Australia and proposes solutions to reduce costs. It notes that network spending, which builds and maintains infrastructure, has grown the fastest over 2010-2015, totaling $46 billion. Implementing smart systems and demand-side participation measures could save billions by reducing peak demand on networks by up to 50% through energy efficiency, local generation, and storage. This decentralized approach could cut Australia's electricity sector emissions by 35% while increasing the use of renewable energy with fewer transmission lines.
The Philippine government is promoting renewable energy to diversify its energy mix away from fossil fuels and reduce electricity costs. The Renewable Energy Act of 2008 aims to accelerate the development of renewable energy sources like geothermal, wind, solar and biomass. It establishes a feed-in tariff program and renewable portfolio standards to encourage renewable energy investment and development. The program guarantees payments over 20 years to renewable energy producers. The government hopes these policies will attract sufficient investment in renewable energy projects to meet targets and eventually reduce the need for subsidies.
Slovenia supports the development of an integrated European energy policy and welcomes the Green Paper's strategy for sustainable, competitive and secure energy. Slovenia recognizes the need for a common energy policy to increase negotiating power and more easily address issues like dependence on energy sources. Slovenia will advocate for its energy interests within the EU framework and supports measures like completing the EU's internal energy market, boosting investment in generation capacity, and enhancing energy security through solidarity between member states.
EASTERN AFRICA POWER POOL (EAPP) AND EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY (EAC)Parti Djibouti
This document provides an introduction to the Eastern Africa Power Pool (EAPP) and East African Community (EAC) Regional Power System Master Plan and Grid Code Study. The study aims to identify regional power generation and transmission projects to interconnect the power systems of EAPP countries in the short and long term. It also aims to develop a common transmission interconnection code to facilitate integrated development and operations. The study covers 10 countries and seeks to contribute to institutional capacity building. It provides background on existing interconnections in the region and ongoing studies on cross-border opportunities.
The document discusses infrastructure development in Sri Lanka. It notes that the government has undertaken major infrastructure projects across the country as outlined in development plans. While government funding for infrastructure has increased, more private financing is needed through public-private partnerships. Key sectors discussed include telecommunications, energy, ports, and transportation. The telecommunications sector has grown significantly with increased mobile phone usage. The energy sector struggled with high oil prices initially but conditions improved later in the year. Port services and passenger transportation saw moderate growth.
The document provides an overview of Cyprus's energy market and renewable energy sources. Some key points:
- Cyprus has a small, isolated energy system and relies entirely on imported fossil fuels for its energy needs. Energy costs are high due to this dependence on imports.
- Renewable energy sources and energy efficiency are being promoted through various policies, laws, and incentive programs to help increase the use of local renewable resources and reduce reliance on imports.
- The Vasilikos Energy Centre is being developed to facilitate import, storage and distribution of oil products and natural gas, helping diversify Cyprus's energy sources.
- Various renewable technologies like solar, wind and biomass are being supported through feed-in
Since the collapse of the monopoly of Telewizja Polska (TVP – National
Polish Television), the issue of field branches of TVP remains unresolved actually
to this day. Numerous attempts have been made throughout the years to establish
the status and functioning rules of the branches within the structure of TVP. Also,
the concept has been sought to determine their position and role on the TV market.
The years of attempts to restructure regions have brought no expected outcome. The
proposed solutions ranged from the concept of a “network” during the 1990s, through
attempts at programme and managerial integration in the late 20th century, to the endeavours to profile channels. Instead of improving the situation, they caused even
greater chaos to the branches and further deteriorated their already difficult financial
situation. Changes were to be brought by a new concept of the functioning of field
branches of TVP S.A., proposed towards the end of 2015. It assumed the reorientation
of the philosophy of the regions and abandonment of “regional television” in favour
of “the television of the regions.” But personal changes to the Management Board of
TVP stopped the planned reform. This article presents the chronology of the planned
and implemented reforms, from 1990 to 2015, in the scope of channel profile and the
programme platform of field branches of TVP S.A.
Croatia has significant potential for solar power but limits capacity additions. It aims to source 20% of energy from renewables by 2020 through policies like feed-in tariffs. Eligible renewable generators receive payments for 14 years by contracting with the national grid operator.
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia introduced feed-in tariffs for renewable energy in 2007 to exploit its technical potential for renewable electricity generation. Despite favourable legislation, increased installed renewable energy capacity has remained low due to bureaucracy and complex permitting processes. Various small hydropower and wind power projects are currently under development. Macedonia has committed to a 28% renewable energy target by 2020 in line with EU directives.
The document summarizes Belarus' energy sector and policies related to renewable energy. It notes that Belarus depends greatly on imports for its primary energy needs. The government is seeking to diversify its energy mix and increase the use of local and renewable sources through policies like feed-in tariffs for renewable energy producers. The law defines eligible technologies and sets prices producers receive for electricity from renewable sources over 10-20 year periods.
Azerbaijan has significant potential for renewable energy from wind and solar sources, but currently utilizes only 0.07% of its technical renewable potential, relying mainly on small hydropower. While feed-in tariffs exist for wind and small hydropower, investment has been limited due to the low tariffs and monopolistic electricity market dominated by the state-owned utility. However, Azerbaijan aims to privatize the energy sector and create incentives for private investment through its Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development program.
Albania toward large and sustainable energy developments by lorenc gordaniLorenc Gordani
This presentation, based to my daily empirical experience, concentrates an assessment about the huge interest for the foreigner investors on the business opportunities offered in ongoing by the traditional hydropower source and the emerging energy sectors of photovoltaic, wind, biomasses, natural gas, efficiency and managing, energy trading and supply, etc.
Further, it will follow with a brief analysis of the catalogue of legal procedures framework to obtain the permission rights and develop a project in energy infrastructure production. The all will be present as much as possible in a simple manner to explain the “philosophy” to which them based, for helping in the overcoming the complexity and the identifying the right approach needed to address it by interested developers.
In this regard, “a file rouge” will bring an analysis of the different incentives and benefit traditionally brought and the new opportunities offered by the liberalization and the regional integration of the market. A fluid situation, which is making more and more possible the complete projects and the open new procedure and follows with the planning on the developments of new large-scale and sustainable projects.
Energy a practical approach for the benefit of sustainable economic develop...Lulzim
ENERGY- A PRACTICAL APPROACH IN FAVOUR OF A SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN KOSOVO
POLICY BRIEF KOSOVO
On the occasion of the EU Sustainable Energy Week (EUSEW) the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung publishes the new policy brief about Energy and Energy efficiency titled "ENERGY - A practical approach in favor of a sustainable economic development in Kosovo" written by Lulzim Syla from Kosovo Renewable Energy Association. The document summarizes the main topics and challenges regarding Energy and gives specific recommandations about the following actions that should be fulfilled in favor on a sustainable energy policies.
Energy a practical approach for the benefit of sustainable economic develop...Lulzim
The document discusses energy issues in Kosovo and proposes solutions to improve the sector. It notes that over 1 billion euros have been spent repairing power plants and infrastructure, with over 500 million spent on imports and fuel, resulting in losses of over 2 billion euros. It recommends establishing funds to support renewable energy projects and research. It also stresses the need for education programs to develop engineers and technicians for the growing industry, and proposes creating an Institute for Energy and Efficiency to develop policies and expertise.
Although Bulgaria already obtains 18% of its energy from renewable sources, there is still potential to exploit biomass in particular. In 2012, Bulgaria experienced the world's tenth highest growth in new wind farms and added 712 MW of solar capacity. Such growth was driven by feed-in tariffs for renewable electricity. Bulgaria aims to obtain 16% of its energy from renewables by 2020 under an EU directive.
The Republic of Serbia introduced feed-in tariffs in 2014 to promote renewable energy production. Privileged renewable energy producers receive guaranteed prices for their electricity over 12-year agreements. The tariffs are set to incentivize investment in renewables like wind power. Serbia also has a national target of 27% renewable energy by 2020 and provides priority grid access to renewable projects through its legislation and policies.
Romania's share of renewable energy has risen to 11% by the end of 2012. In 2012, Romania saw the highest growth in installed wind power capacity in Europe, with 1079 MW added. A support scheme introduced in 2008 of quota obligations, minimum and maximum prices, and tradable renewable energy certificates drove this growth. However, in 2013 the government amended the law to suspend the issuance of certificates for some technologies until 2017 due to concerns over costs.
Latvian electricity producers must apply to the Ministry of Economy for permission to produce electricity. Wind, biomass, and solar projects compete in tenders for capacity targets, while hydro projects apply directly. Successful bidders receive 20-year feed-in tariffs set by the government. Regulation 262 defines tariff calculation methods. The government sets annual output caps. The feed-in tariff dramatically grew wind power capacity but was suspended until 2016 due to oversubscription. Other incentives like tax exemptions still promote renewable investment.
Moldova imports most of its energy and only utilizes 5% of its domestic energy resources. It has significant potential for wind and solar power, being 5 times and 45.8 times larger, respectively, than current electricity capacity. Moldova aims to increase renewable energy through policies like feed-in tariffs and tendering systems, but investment has been limited due to an unfamiliar market and lack of information.
Slovenia has significant potential for renewable energy, particularly solar power, but currently obtains only 10% of its electricity from renewable sources. The government promotes renewable energy through a feed-in tariff program. Eligible technologies include wind, solar, geothermal, biogas, biomass and hydropower plants up to 5MW capacity. Larger plants from 10-125MW can receive a premium added to the market price to incentivize production from renewables. Slovenia aims to increase renewable energy's share of total energy consumption to 25% by 2020 in accordance with EU directives.
The Czech Republic saw significant growth in solar PV installations in 2009-2010 due to feed-in tariffs, but reduced the tariffs in 2011 which slowed growth. While wind and solar capacity grew in 2012, the government capped tariffs and premiums at a maximum of €174/MWh. The Czech Republic aims to source 14% of energy from renewables by 2020 according to its National Renewable Energy Action Plan.
Dr. Admir Softic, Assistant Minister of Energy SectorAdmir Softic
Bosnia and Herzegovina has significant energy resources including coal, hydroelectric potential, and renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. Coal and hydroelectric power currently provide most of the country's electricity. The energy sector is overseen by various state and entity-level regulatory bodies and companies. Bosnia and Herzegovina has an established electricity transmission system and is a net exporter of electricity, but further development of renewable energy and energy market reforms could help improve the sector.
Montenegro currently imports more energy than it exports but is seeking to become an energy exporter in the future. It is constructing a €100 million transmission line to Italy that will connect several hydropower plants and a wind farm to the Italian electricity grid. Despite introducing feed-in tariffs, renewable energy accounts for only 1% of total installed electricity capacity. However, Montenegro has improved its business environment according to the World Bank's ease of doing business index.
Ukraine has excellent technical renewable energy potential supported by feed-in tariffs and policies. The feed-in tariff payments are guaranteed until 2030 to ensure long-term investment security, and the tariff is adjusted monthly for inflation. Recent improvements to permitting and licensing have increased Ukraine's rank in indicators of ease of doing business.
Armenia is highly dependent on energy imports due to a lack of domestic oil and gas reserves. The development of renewable energy is important to reduce this dependence on imports. Armenia has technical potential to generate renewable energy that could meet a significant portion of its energy needs. The government provides feed-in tariffs and a 15-year guaranteed purchase agreement for renewable energy producers to encourage renewable energy development.
International energy partnership program manuscript instructions: case BulgariaSimeon Arnaudov
Green economic growth became slogan of thousands public and private activities, nevertheless there are arguments for switching to low-carbon, high-efficiency energy systems disregard enormous investment cost. Innovative energy technologies are able to reduce carbone emissions in aim to limit or avoid climate change directs the public debate. However renewable energy source reduced dependence on imported energy, suspension of conflicts over energy resources, and the increasing price of fossil fuels also are motivate actions. Nonetheless, the potential price and difficulty of doing the transition to a new energy system have brought forted essential opposition from fortified economic interests and consumers equally. In this paper we investigate whether and how photovoltaic power plants as case of renewable energy growing market as Bulgaria do, could become an economic occasion rather than a precious burden. Could a photovoltaic energy capacity induce net economic growth rather than social pay off burden? Analyzing foreign (Korean) direct investment as photovoltaic power plant case study as example of some successful or unsuccessful practices of rapidly growing domestic renewable market. Our aim is this paper to be useful to public or private energy communities in supporting them with professional renewable domestic market anatomy.
The document discusses Albania's hydropower capacity and renewable energy market perspectives given EU policies through 2030. It covers Albania's regulations on promoting renewables, current renewable energy implementation levels, hydropower deployment scenarios, and financial projections. Albania aims to reach a 38% renewable energy target by 2020 as required by the EU, focusing on expanding its hydropower which currently dominates renewable production but has further potential for growth. Scenarios estimate hydropower capacity could reach 3.9 GW by 2030.
This document summarizes the challenges faced by governments in financing disaster risks and the role of risk transfer solutions. It notes that the costs of natural disasters are growing and most losses are uninsured, burdening public sector budgets. A range of pre-event financing options are discussed to help governments plan for disaster impacts on infrastructure, emergency response costs, revenue losses, and supporting uninsured populations. Risk transfer solutions like insurance and catastrophe bonds can help spread sovereign disaster risks across global capital markets.
2018 DRR Financing 6.2 Ivan ZverzhanovskiUNDP Eurasia
The document discusses partnerships and financing for disaster risk reduction, resilience, and climate risk. It outlines five transformational approaches - generating or leveraging financial resources, realigning existing financial flows, avoiding future expenditures, enhancing effectiveness and equity of resource distribution, and focusing on financial results not just revenues. UNDP aims to bring new actors together with traditional development stakeholders around complex issues through a platform approach. Examples of partnerships discussed include working with international financial institutions, a climate change window with Russia, and a disaster preparedness program with Deutsche Post DHL.
This document discusses potential sources of financing for sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Middle-Income Europe and Central Asia. It finds that domestic public finance, particularly national budgets, are critical sources of funding. Commercial flows like foreign direct investment and bank loans also contribute significantly in some countries. However, more work is needed to systematically track how national budget expenditures align with SDGs. Official development assistance remains important for some countries highly reliant on remittances. Overall, the analysis finds that a combination of public, private and international sources will be needed to achieve the SDGs in the region.
1) A flood insurance model was developed for Georgia based on detailed flood hazard and risk modelling within an integrated flood risk management framework.
2) The model included flood mapping, calculating risk scores and potential damage/losses, and developing an index-based insurance scheme with risk-based premiums and payout principles.
3) While the insurance scheme was not piloted during the initial project due to various challenges, efforts are ongoing to address flooding and other natural hazards through policy interventions like risk financing and early warning systems.
This document discusses introducing financial instruments like flood insurance in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It provides an overview of flood risks and losses in the region. Models and tariffs for index-based and indemnity-based flood insurance schemes were developed based on flood hazard and risk maps. Buildings and agricultural areas in the Vrbas River basin were classified into risk zones that determine insurance premium rates. The project aims to implement insurance pilots and incorporate flood coverage into broader disaster insurance packages. Next steps include working with communities and establishing the necessary institutional and legal framework.
David Simmons notes that catastrophe insurance has traditionally focused on property loss but its scope is wider, such as disaster response. Existing catastrophe risk models do not account for second- and higher-order effects of critical infrastructure failures. Network analysis can help model how failures may diffuse through interconnected systems. Even with perfect models, risks may remain if key infrastructure components lie outside a country's borders.
The document discusses how analytics can support resilience. It argues analytics must quantify risks through modeling potential futures, characterize risk frequencies and impacts, and support all aspects of resilience including shocks, stresses, and strategic objectives. Analytics must be fit for purpose, simulate a full range of possibilities, and be well calibrated and validated against historical events.
Pension funds are seeking higher returns through alternative investments like real estate, commodities, and hedge funds. These alternative investments have risen to 26% of holdings for large US pension funds, up from 7% a decade ago. A 2018 survey found that 70% of institutional investors plan to increase their allocations to alternatives in 2018. Some large pension funds in the UK and Germany have already invested over $100 million in insurance-linked securities (ILS) to diversify their portfolios. ILS such as catastrophe bonds can improve portfolio risk statistics like volatility while maintaining or increasing average returns through exposure to independent risk factors globally.
This document discusses catastrophe bonds (CAT bonds) as a solution to issues with natural disaster insurance. It provides examples of government entities that have used CAT bonds and outlines the basic structure of CAT bonds. Key legal issues for CAT bonds include determining the appropriate jurisdiction based on regulatory frameworks and structures available. Triggers that determine bond payouts must be modellable, definite, and objective like parametric triggers that are based on measurable parameters like windspeed.
This document summarizes a $500 million catastrophe bond issued by FloodSmart Re Ltd. to provide reinsurance to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) it administers. The bond has an indemnity trigger and covers flood losses from named storms over a three year period in the United States. Payouts are determined based on actual flood losses to the NFIP as assessed by modeling firm KatRisk. This represents the largest catastrophe bond ever issued to provide reinsurance to a government entity for flood risk.
This document summarizes lessons learned from weather index-based crop insurance programs. It discusses the promises of index-based insurance including reduced moral hazard and adverse selection compared to conventional insurance. Experience from a program in the Philippines is described, covering over 2,500 farmers for excess rainfall. Issues with indexing accuracy and technical challenges are outlined. Lessons are provided around scaling up programs including addressing subsidy policies, weaknesses of index-based insurance, and tracking poverty reduction impacts. Upcoming work in Burkina Faso aims to bundle insurance with financial products and resilient agricultural practices.
The document discusses various catastrophe insurance programs that provide coverage for climate risks. It describes programs like the Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility (CCRIF) and African Risk Capacity (ARC), which allow countries to pool risks and receive payouts quickly after qualifying disasters. It also discusses opportunities to develop disaster risk insurance programs for cities, the poor, and incentivize risk-reducing behavior through insurance.
This document summarizes various sovereign and public-private natural catastrophe (NatCat) risk transfer schemes from around the world. It then shows that the global uninsured losses from NatCat events in 2017 were around 69% of overall losses, demonstrating a large protection gap. Finally, it outlines Munich Re's vision to offer the right risk transfer solution for clients' needs, whether through traditional reinsurance, parametric insurance, or catastrophe bonds, depending on the perils and terms required.
This document summarizes examples of innovative public sector risk transfer solutions using insurance markets from around the world. It then discusses two case studies in more detail: a $1.36 billion catastrophe bond that transferred earthquake risk for Mexico, Chile, Peru and Colombia through a World Bank platform, and a $425 million pandemic insurance facility covering outbreaks in poor countries that was the first to insure against response costs to pandemics.
Parametric insurance provides a key tool for disaster risk financing in regions impacted by climate change. It uses independent weather or other parameters to automatically trigger payouts, allowing for fast compensation without claims handling. This makes it well-suited for providing rapid liquidity to governments after disasters. Case studies show parametric insurance lowering costs through risk pooling and providing millions in payouts through facilities like CCRIF and coverage for the Philippines. It can help cover major disasters while traditional insurance and other methods address smaller, more frequent events.
This document discusses catastrophe bonds as a "win-win" solution for governments and investors. Catastrophe bonds allow governments to access capital rapidly after natural disasters to fund relief and reconstruction. The bond principal is returned unless a triggering event, such as an earthquake above a specific magnitude, occurs. This transfers some disaster risk from governments to investors. The document outlines the advantages for both parties and provides examples of catastrophe bond structures and pricing. It promotes catastrophe bonds as an attractive asset class for investors seeking diversification and argues they are an effective risk mitigation tool for governments facing climate change risks.
This document discusses the international market for insuring against natural disasters through catastrophe bonds and collateralized reinsurance. It provides an overview of trends in the market, including strong growth in collateralized reinsurance deals. The document also discusses how parametric disaster finance instruments could help governments access quick funds after a natural disaster through catastrophe bonds tied to geophysical indices. Examples of existing disaster finance programs in Mexico and proposals for one in Romania are outlined.
1. Just 1.5 percent of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s total installed electricity capacity comes from renewable sources. The
technical potential of renewable energy is huge, particularly in solar photovoltaic energy. Both of the country’s two
political entities, the Republic Srpska (RS) and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH), promote electricity
generated from renewable sources via a feed-in tariff. In both RS and FBiH, the guaranteed tariffs are calculated by
addingtechnology-specificpremiumstoareferenceprice.InFBiH,technology-specificconversionfactorsaremultiplied
by the reference price of 0.081 BAM/kW-h. In RS, absolute determined premiums are added to the reference price of
0.0541BAM/kW-hinRS.RSalsooffersapremiumforelectricityproducedfromrenewablesources,whichiseithersold
directly to the market or is used for its own consumption.Tariffs are granted for 15 years in RS, and for 12 years in FBiH.
Bosnia and Herzegovina’s is ranked 131st
in theWorld Bank’s Ease of Doing Business index (IFC &World Bank, 2014).
Bosnia & Herzegovina
General Country
Information
Population: 3,883,916
Surface Area: 51,210 km²
Capital City: Sarajevo
GDP (2012): $ 17 billion
GDP Per Capita (2012): $ 4,447
WB Ease of Doing Business: 131
Sources: Karakosta et al. (2012); Lalic et al. (2011); ECS (2012); SERC (2012); EWEA (2013); Pavlovic et al. (2013); World Bank (2014);
Renewable Facts (2013); Hoogwijk and Graus (2008); Hoogwijk (2004); JRC (2011); SRS NET & EEE (2008); and UNDP calculations.
R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y S N A P S H O T :
Key information about renewable energy in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Empowered lives.
Resilient nations.
1.5%
RE Share
3,964 MW
Total Installed Capacity
Biomass Solar PV Wind Small Hydro
0 < 1 0 59.8
600 48,700 2,000 600
60 MW
Installed RE Capacity
Electricity Generating
Capacity 2012
Installed Renewable Electricity
Capacity 2012 in MW
Technical Potential for Installed
Renewable Electricity Capacity in MW
2. In line with EU Directive 2009/28/EC,
Bosnia and Herzegovina is commit-
ted to an ambitious national binding
target of 40 percent share of renew-
able energy sources in the gross final
energy consumption by 2020 (EC,
2012). Bosnia and Herzegovina con-
sists of two separate political entities,
each with different energy laws and
regulations. In FBiH, the Law on the
Use of Renewable Energy Sources
and Efficient Cogeneration, adopted
in2013,theLawonElectricityandthe
Decree on the Use of Renewable En-
ergy and Cogeneration form the leg-
islativebasisfortherenewableenergy
policy. RS also adopted a new law on
Renewable Energy in 2013. That, to-
gether with the decision of the Reg-
ulatory Commission for Energy of
Republic of Srpska on the tariff level
and premium prices, governs the
promotion of renewable energy. In
both entities, renewable energy de-
velopers enjoy other incentives, e.g. priority in dispatch or distribution in FBiH. Both entities prioritize grid connection
for renewable energy source operators. FBiH and RS both offer other incentives for foreign investors, such as cus-
toms-free imported materials in FBiH and corporate tax exemption in RS (FIPA, 2012). Energy generation is licenced
in both RS and FBiH. Licences are issued by the Regulatory Commission for Electricity in Federation BIH in FBiH and
by the Regulatory Commission for Energy of Republic of Srpska in RS respectively.To be eligible for the feed-in tariffs,
renewable energy plant developers must have qualified producer status, which is obtained from the Regulatory
Commission for Energy in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FERK) in FBiH and REERS in RS.The new renewable
energy legislation significantly improves capacity authorization and access to distribution networks, which is likely
to increase effectiveness of renewable energy promotion (IRENA, 2013).
R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y S N A P S H O T :
Legislation and Policy:
Feed-in tariff and feed-in premium promotion in Republic Srpska
Source: RERS (2013) BAM/€ exchange rate as on 28 February 2014.
Eligible technologies Additional constrain Installed capacity Tariffgrantedin€/MW-h Premium in€/MW-h
Wind < 10 MW 84.47 40.95
Solar PV
(since 01.01.2014)
ground mounted
ground mounted
< 50 KW
50 KW - 250 KW
250 KW - 1 MW
< 250 KW
250 KW - 1 MW
173.74
150.68
120.56
139.84
111.51
130.23
107.12
77.05
96.28
68.00
Hydro
< 1 MW
1 - 5 MW
5 - 10 MW
78.79
67.85
63.66
35.28
24.34
20.14
Biomass
< 1 MW
1 - 5 MW
211.16
115.60
79.86
72.09
1 Geothermal, land fill gas, biogas and liquid fuel gas power plants are also eligible to receive a feed-in tariff (FBiH, 2013).
Eligible technologies Installed capacity Tariff granted in €/MW-h
Wind – 51.77
Solar
< 10 KW
10 KW - 30 KW
30 KW - 150 KW
150 KW - 1MW
1 MW - 10 MW
exceeding 10 MW
310.61
273.34
248.49
173.94
157.38
124.24
Hydro
< 150 KW
150 KW - 1 MW
1 - 10 MW
48.46
41.99
41.83
Solid Biomass
from Forestry
and Agriculture
< 150 KW
150 KW - 1 MW
1 - 10 MW
exceeding 10 MW
60.88
60.05
59.22
58.39
Solid Biomass
from Wood
< 150 KW
150 KW - 1 MW
1 - 10 MW
exceeding 10 MW
59.22
58.39
57.57
56.74
Feed-in tariff in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina1
Source: FBiH (2011) and FBiH (2013) BAM/€ exchange rate as on 28 February 2014.
3. Bosnia & Herzegovina
Institutions:
Organization Responsibility Website
Ministry of Economy,
Energy and Development
- Responsible for energy policy in the Republic
of Srpska
www.vladars.net
Federal Ministry of Energy,
Mining and Industry
- Responsible for energy policy in the Federation
of Bosnia and Herzegovina
www.fbihvlada.gov.ba/
State Electricity Regulatory
Commission (SERC)
- Responsible for regulation of electricity transmission,
transmission system operation and international
trade in electricity
- Authoritative body for generation, distribution and
supply of electricity for customers in autonomous
Brčko District
Regulatory Commission for
Energy of Republic of Srpska
(REERS)
- Responsible for regulation in generation, distribution
and trading of electricity in the Republic Srpska
- Issues licences in the electricity sector and grants
status as eligible producer of RES
www.reers.ba/
Regulatory Commission for
Energy in Federation of
Bosnia and Herzegovina
(FERK)
- Responsible for regulation in generation, distribution
and trading of electricity in the Federation of Bosnia
and Herzegovina
- Issues licences in the electricity sector and grants
status as eligible producer of RES
www.ferk.ba/_
Elektroprenos
-Elektroprijenos
- Transmission System Operator responsible for trans-
mission and management of the national grid
www.elprenosbih.ba/
Foreign Investment
Promotion Agency of Bosnia
and Herzegovina (FIPA)
- Foreign Investment Promotion Agency of Bosnia and
Herzegovina responsible to facilitate and support
foreign direct investment on state level
www.fipa.gov.ba/
Invest in Srpska - Investment Agency responsible to attract, consult and
facilitate potential investors in the Republic of Srpska
www.investsrpska.net/index.aspx?PageID
=287&menuID=215
Organization Responsibility Website
Elektro Doboj (Bosnia),
Fichtner (Germany)
In January 2013, the Republic of Srpska’s state-owned elec-
tricity utility, Elektro Doboj, signed a €2.76 million consul-
tancy contract with German Fichtner GmbH for the
development of the Cijevna 3 small hydropower plant. The
plant will have an installed capacity of 13.8 MW. The con-
struction and equipment will be financed with a €50 million
loan by German KfW Development Bank and Elektro Doboj
intends to call a tender for the construction in early 2014.
Under development
Elektroprivreda HZHB
(Bosnian)
As the country’s first wind farm, the Mesihovina project has
44 MW installed capacity and estimated construction costs
of €78 million is under construction. Germany’s KfW Devel-
opment Bank has provided a grant and a reduced-interest
loan to cover some €72 million, with Elektroprivreda HZHB
covering the remaining €6 million.
Under construction
Recent projects
4. Bosnia & Herzegovina
References
EnergyCharterSecretariat(ECS),2012:In-DepthReview
ofEnergyEfficiencyPolicyandProgrammes–BosniaAnd
Herzegovina.Availableat:www.encharter.org/filead-
min/user_upload/Publications/BiH_EE_2012_ENG.pdf
Energy Community (EC), 2012: Energy Community Min-
isterial Council adopts Renewable Energy 2020 targets.
Available at: www.energy-community.org/portal/page/
portal/ENC_HOME/NEWS/News_Details?p_new_
id=6342
EuropeanWind Energy Association (EWEA), 2013: An-
nual Report 2012. Available at: www.ewea.org/filead-
min/files/library/publications/reports/EWEA_Annual
_Report_2012.pdf
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Opportunities to finance renewable energy projects in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Financing organization Details Website
Western Balkans
Sustainable Energy
Financing Facility
(WEBSEFF)
Provides loans of between €2 million and €5 million
through local banks (Raiffeisen Bank d.d. or Bosna i
Hercegovina UniCredit Bank d.d.) for private invest-
ments in energy efficiency or renewable energy proj-
ects. Loans can cover 100 percent of the investment
costs.
www.webseff.com/
Western Balkans
Sustainable Energy
Direct Financing Facility
(WeBSEDFF)
Locally SMEs with a sound financial and economic
structure and sufficient means of equity capital can
apply for direct loans from the European Bank for Re-
construction and Development’s WeBSEDFF of be-
tween €2 million and €6 million.
www.websedff.com
Green Growth Fund Provides direct and indirect (through financial inter-
mediaries) financing for small scale renewable energy
projects usually not larger than EUR 50 million.
www.ggf.lu/
International Finance
Corporation (IFC)
With investment (equity, loans and other financial in-
struments) and advisory services, IFC supports invest-
ment with focus on Climate change, including
investments in infrastructure and energy sectors.
www.ifc.org/
European Bank
for Reconstruction
and Development (EBRD)
Provides renewable energy developers with equity,
loans and loan guarantees for projects with good
commercial prospects of up to 15 years’duration.
www.ebrd.com/pages/workingwithus/pro
jects.shtml