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Instructional Strategies to Enhance
Engagement
Judy Willis, M.D. Engagement
Strategies (2006)
• Attention Is Not
Voluntary Choice
• Whatever is new or
different will get priority
Memory + Attention = Learning
• Emotional link
• Association to past knowledge/information
– Does the information make sense?
– What significance or meaning does it have in my
life?
– Tokuhama-Espinosa, T. (2012)
What We Know About Retention
Training Labs – Alexandria, VA

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This document summarizes a presentation about autism in pre-school classrooms. It discusses how autism is often not diagnosed until around age 5.7, despite signs being noticeable earlier. It also provides perspectives from teachers on the challenges and rewards of working with autistic children. The core deficits of autism - social deficits, communication deficits, and restricted/repetitive behaviors - are outlined. The teacher's role in early recognition of signs, making appropriate referrals, and assisting with educational plans is also discussed.

preschool technologyautismpreschool autisim
Dispositional Tuning: Reflecting the Change
Dispositional Tuning: Reflecting the ChangeDispositional Tuning: Reflecting the Change
Dispositional Tuning: Reflecting the Change

Dispositional tuning is a practice in which we engage in order to be “in tune” with ourselves and others. The Teacher Education programs at SFU are premised upon four guiding dispositions that speak directly to this particular type of attunement: pedagogical sensitivity; other-directedness; reflective capacity; and, critical mindedness.

critical mindednesscritical reflectionrelationship
Pumping Up Disadvantaged Students!!!
Pumping Up Disadvantaged Students!!!Pumping Up Disadvantaged Students!!!
Pumping Up Disadvantaged Students!!!

This document provides information from a presentation on engaging middle school students. It includes strategies to incorporate movement, music and interactive activities into lessons to increase student engagement and retention. Charts are included that outline the benefits of cooperative learning, using multiple intelligences and brain-compatible classrooms. Tips for making instruction rigorous and relevant are also presented, along with examples of implementing songs, chants and raps into the curriculum. The goal is to demonstrate how to design lessons to actively involve students and improve outcomes.

ncmle14ncmsa142014
Primary – Recency Effect
Sousa (2000)
• We remember best what happens first,
second what happens last and last what
happens in the middle of a lesson.
• We should present the important information
first. (avoid duties such a roll call in first
minutes of class)
• Do not ask students to guess at the beginning
of class because students will remember the
incorrect answers.
#1 Reason Kids Drop Out is Boredom
• Judy Willis, M.D. Stated (2011):
• Boredom is stressful.
– The lower reactive brain is in control.
• Behavior
– Fight (Disruptive) – Oppositional Defiant
– Flight (Withdrawal) – ADHD and ADD
– Freeze (Zone Out) social anxiety syndrome, seizures,
OCD
– Children are misdiagnosed when the brain is not the
problem. Kids are bored. Children want the dopamine
pleasure that games and technology brings.
Judy Willis, M.D. Engagement
Strategies (2006)
• The more ways
something is learned,
the more memory
pathways are built
• Multiple stimulation
mean better memory
Examples:
• Multiple forms of
review
• Visual imagery
• Personal relevance
• Role-play
• Produce product or
models
Engagement Strategies (Willis, 2006)
• Attention is not a voluntary choice – input
must be selected by sensory filter. If it does
not reach per-frontal cortex, it does not make
it to long term memory.
• Must be selected to make it to the Reticular
Activating System (RAS). Survival skills for
animals.

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This document discusses strategies for promoting independence for students with 1:1 paraeducators. It begins by noting some detrimental effects that can occur when independence is not fostered, such as students being unable to complete basic tasks without assistance. The document then outlines how shifting mindsets among teachers, paraeducators, students, and parents can support independence. Specific strategies are provided, including using prompts from most to least assistance and fading assistance over time. The importance of teaching students to work independently for short periods is also discussed. Overall, the document advocates for an approach where paraeducators focus on connecting students to the classroom rather than doing everything for them.

#nrcp2018
Vocabulary Instruction
Vocabulary InstructionVocabulary Instruction
Vocabulary Instruction

This document provides an overview of effective vocabulary instruction strategies for teachers. It discusses the importance of vocabulary and recommends using both direct instruction methods like the six-steps of vocabulary instruction as well as teaching vocabulary in context. The document emphasizes that building vocabulary takes time and should start in early grades. It also dispels common misconceptions and provides research-based best practices for vocabulary instruction, such as using multiple instructional methods, sequencing related texts, and promoting word consciousness.

#nrcp2018
Characteristics of Intelligent Behavior
Characteristics of Intelligent BehaviorCharacteristics of Intelligent Behavior
Characteristics of Intelligent Behavior

The document discusses characteristics of intelligent behavior such as effective thinking, decision making, and follow through. It also discusses how students can apply knowledge from school to real-life situations by drawing on past knowledge, applying knowledge to new situations, recognizing and solving problems. Additionally, it discusses how students can develop skills like creating, imagining, innovating, understanding and empathy, impulse control, persistence, questioning and problem posing to become successful learners.

The RAS – Judy Willis (2006)
• Curiosity alerts the RAS
• Sound (voice volume, pitch, cadence)
• Color, placement of objects
• Your appearance (costumes, hats) do something
unusual
• Novelty and curiosity
• Predictions are great (which one do you want 1 penny
doubled for a year or $1,000,000?)
• Optical Illusions http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/
• Grumpy faces do not allow passage to pre-frontal
cortex
Emotions and Learning:
Brain-Targeted Teaching Strategies
Mariale M. Hardiman (2004)
• Predictability
• Personal connection between teacher and
students
• Trust and acceptance
• Safe environment
• Control and choice
• Humor
• Music, art, dance and theater
• Celebration
Connecting Emotions to Content
• It helps to make emotional connections to curriculum
in order to achieve long term retention.
• For example by considering the emotional toll of the
US Civil War may connect learning much more than
isolated battles, and persons involved.
By Mc Knoell - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/deed.en
The two structures in the
brain responsible for long-
term remembering are
located in the emotional area
of the brain.
“Visual Tools Help Students Reach
Higher Levels of Thinking”
• Arrangements of ideas
that can be linked to
previous learning
• Access both left and right
side of brain
• Appeal to all learns
starting at about age 5.
• Can have new info added
easily and quickly.
• Are helpful in all subjects
• Are fun and easy to create
- Sprenger (2010)

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Curriculum
CurriculumCurriculum
Curriculum

This document provides an overview of key concepts in curriculum planning, including the three elements of curriculum - content (what), learner (who), and instructional process (how). It discusses different philosophies around the focus of curriculum, such as emphasis on the learner's interests versus subject matter. The document also covers curriculum definitions, essential questions, enduring understandings, standards, and the backwards design process of identifying desired results, determining acceptable evidence of learning, and planning instructional experiences.

Self Organised Learning Environments and the Sacrifice of Education to Qualif...
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Self Organised Learning Environments and the Sacrifice of Education to Qualif...

1) The document discusses Self Organized Learning Environments (SOLEs), which are student-led learning spaces where children can explore topics independently using the internet. 2) It traces the origins and growth of the SOLE concept from Sugata Mitra's initial "Hole in the Wall" experiment in 1999 to a global movement today involving various research projects. 3) Key benefits of SOLEs discussed include developing important skills like problem-solving, engaging disconnected students, and addressing limitations in traditional education systems, especially in developing countries. However, challenges in evaluating complex self-organized learning are also noted.

qualificationseducationsole
Types of Students
Types of StudentsTypes of Students
Types of Students

The following tex talks about the way students( children, adolescents, adults) learn. It also mentions the differences each have among them and their characteristics. Teacher's role is also stated.

teacher rolechildrenstudents
Graphic Organizers
Sequence Chart
First
Next
Next
Next
Last
Venn Diagram (comparison
Similarities
Differences
Differences
T- Charts (cause/effect) or
(problem/solution) or Y -
Charts
K
What do
we Know?
W
What do
we want to
find out?
H
How can
we find out
what we
want to
learn?
L
What did
we learn?
Mind Maps or Pictures
http://www.mindmapsearch.org
• “With mind maps we are creating pictures that
will enable student to remember 80 to 100
percent of what we have taught.” – Marilee
Sprenger (2010)
• Nonlinguistic representations are a way of
imaging information and are one way to
improve student achievement. – Marzano,
Pickering, and Pollack (2001)
• It does not have to be pictures, mind maps or
graphic organizers. It may be movement, sounds
and smells…
Engagement Strategies
Think-Pair Share
• Ask students to reflect on a
question or prompt. Give
them a brief amount of
time (perhaps 30 seconds)
to formulate a response.
• Ask students to pair up or to
turn to their assigned
partner.
• Ask them to discuss their
responses.
Quick-Writes
• Select a prompt that you
would like students to
address.
• Give students a specified
amount of time to collect
their thoughts and jot down a
response(~3-5min).
• Follow up with a Networking
Session.
Quick-Draw
• Reflect on meaning of “big
idea” and create a visual.
• Follow up with Chalkboard
Splash.
“Ideas taken from Total participation
Techniques” – Persida Himmele and
William Himmele
Engagement Strategies
Networking Session
• Prepare 1-4 prompts. Ask
students to reflect on or quick-
write responses to prompts.
• Ask students to find someone
(they have not spoken to) to
discuss topic.
• Signal when to switch to next
person with next prompt.
Thumbs Up/Thumbs Down
• Ask students a question for
which a yes/no or
agree/disagree response is
appropriate.
Chalkboard Splash
• Copy responses to Quick-
Write or Quick-Draw onto
random or selected places in
classroom. (butcher paper)
• Ask students to walk around,
analyze and jot down
similarities, differences, and
surprises.
• Ask students to get in small
groups and share before
sharing with larger group.
“Ideas taken from Total participation
Techniques” – Persida Himmele and William
Himmele

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Theories of Student Support for Retention
Theories of Student Support for RetentionTheories of Student Support for Retention
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Ormond Simpson (former OUUK) gave a presentation about Theories of Student Support for Retention as part of the online events by expert pool Student Support within EMPOWER.

empowereadtustrength approach
Building Thematic Units from Bookroom Offerings
Building Thematic Units from Bookroom OfferingsBuilding Thematic Units from Bookroom Offerings
Building Thematic Units from Bookroom Offerings

This document discusses building thematic units around enduring understandings and essential questions. It provides examples of enduring understandings and themes that could be used to develop units, such as humanity, tolerance, identity, and justice. Essential questions are presented as a way to engage students and get at enduring understandings, with examples like "Is human nature inherently dark?" and "What makes us who we are?". The document concludes by asking what essential questions could be used to think about the provided themes and encourages contacting the presenters for more information.

"curriculum design" "thematic teaching" "essential
Gifted Students Education of the Gifted Child Giftedness Workshop Part 5
Gifted Students  Education of the Gifted Child Giftedness Workshop Part 5Gifted Students  Education of the Gifted Child Giftedness Workshop Part 5
Gifted Students Education of the Gifted Child Giftedness Workshop Part 5

This document discusses key considerations for educating gifted children. It outlines common issues parents face getting their gifted child's needs met in school, including teachers not providing appropriate challenges. While most teachers aim to support all students, few have gifted training. The document recommends parents evaluate a school's gifted policies, programs, and willingness for subject or grade acceleration before enrolling a gifted child. It also provides an overview of learning models and strategies that are effective for gifted students, emphasizing higher-order thinking skills.

giftedsecondarypsychology
Important Consideration
Tokuhama-Espinosa, T. (2012)
General:
• Safe, positive learning
environment
• Consider the role of
emotions in learning
• Primacy-recency
• Sense and meaning
• Active learning
Specific Examples:
• Note Taking
• Summarizing
• Questioning
• Clear Objectives
• Cooperative learning
• Feedback
• Mind maps/visual images
• Graphic organizers
• Homework
References
• Willis, J. (2006) Research based strategies to ignite student learning. ASCD:
Alexandria, VA.
• Tokuhama-Espinosa, T. (2012), MICDS Workshop. St. Louis
• Willis, J. (2011) Sustaining students classroom attention in the digital age
[Presentation]. 2011 Learning and the Brain Conference. San Francisco.
• Hardiman, M. (2004) Connecting Brain Research With Effective Teaching: The
Brain-Targeted Teaching Model. Lanham, Maryland: R&L Education
• Sprenger, M. (2010), Brain-based teaching in the digital age. Alexandria, VA:
ASCD.
• Medina, J. (2008), Brain rules. Seattle, WA: Pear Press.
• Marzano, R. J., Pickering, D.J., & Pollack, J.E., (2001), Classroom instruction that
works. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
• rsida, and William Himmele.Total participation techniques
making every student an active learner. Alexandria, Va.: ASCD, 2011. Print.

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Engagement Strategies

  • 1. Instructional Strategies to Enhance Engagement
  • 2. Judy Willis, M.D. Engagement Strategies (2006) • Attention Is Not Voluntary Choice • Whatever is new or different will get priority
  • 3. Memory + Attention = Learning • Emotional link • Association to past knowledge/information – Does the information make sense? – What significance or meaning does it have in my life? – Tokuhama-Espinosa, T. (2012)
  • 4. What We Know About Retention Training Labs – Alexandria, VA
  • 5. Primary – Recency Effect Sousa (2000) • We remember best what happens first, second what happens last and last what happens in the middle of a lesson. • We should present the important information first. (avoid duties such a roll call in first minutes of class) • Do not ask students to guess at the beginning of class because students will remember the incorrect answers.
  • 6. #1 Reason Kids Drop Out is Boredom • Judy Willis, M.D. Stated (2011): • Boredom is stressful. – The lower reactive brain is in control. • Behavior – Fight (Disruptive) – Oppositional Defiant – Flight (Withdrawal) – ADHD and ADD – Freeze (Zone Out) social anxiety syndrome, seizures, OCD – Children are misdiagnosed when the brain is not the problem. Kids are bored. Children want the dopamine pleasure that games and technology brings.
  • 7. Judy Willis, M.D. Engagement Strategies (2006) • The more ways something is learned, the more memory pathways are built • Multiple stimulation mean better memory Examples: • Multiple forms of review • Visual imagery • Personal relevance • Role-play • Produce product or models
  • 8. Engagement Strategies (Willis, 2006) • Attention is not a voluntary choice – input must be selected by sensory filter. If it does not reach per-frontal cortex, it does not make it to long term memory. • Must be selected to make it to the Reticular Activating System (RAS). Survival skills for animals.
  • 9. The RAS – Judy Willis (2006) • Curiosity alerts the RAS • Sound (voice volume, pitch, cadence) • Color, placement of objects • Your appearance (costumes, hats) do something unusual • Novelty and curiosity • Predictions are great (which one do you want 1 penny doubled for a year or $1,000,000?) • Optical Illusions http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/ • Grumpy faces do not allow passage to pre-frontal cortex
  • 10. Emotions and Learning: Brain-Targeted Teaching Strategies Mariale M. Hardiman (2004) • Predictability • Personal connection between teacher and students • Trust and acceptance • Safe environment • Control and choice • Humor • Music, art, dance and theater • Celebration
  • 11. Connecting Emotions to Content • It helps to make emotional connections to curriculum in order to achieve long term retention. • For example by considering the emotional toll of the US Civil War may connect learning much more than isolated battles, and persons involved. By Mc Knoell - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/deed.en The two structures in the brain responsible for long- term remembering are located in the emotional area of the brain.
  • 12. “Visual Tools Help Students Reach Higher Levels of Thinking” • Arrangements of ideas that can be linked to previous learning • Access both left and right side of brain • Appeal to all learns starting at about age 5. • Can have new info added easily and quickly. • Are helpful in all subjects • Are fun and easy to create - Sprenger (2010)
  • 13. Graphic Organizers Sequence Chart First Next Next Next Last Venn Diagram (comparison Similarities Differences Differences T- Charts (cause/effect) or (problem/solution) or Y - Charts K What do we Know? W What do we want to find out? H How can we find out what we want to learn? L What did we learn?
  • 14. Mind Maps or Pictures http://www.mindmapsearch.org • “With mind maps we are creating pictures that will enable student to remember 80 to 100 percent of what we have taught.” – Marilee Sprenger (2010) • Nonlinguistic representations are a way of imaging information and are one way to improve student achievement. – Marzano, Pickering, and Pollack (2001) • It does not have to be pictures, mind maps or graphic organizers. It may be movement, sounds and smells…
  • 15. Engagement Strategies Think-Pair Share • Ask students to reflect on a question or prompt. Give them a brief amount of time (perhaps 30 seconds) to formulate a response. • Ask students to pair up or to turn to their assigned partner. • Ask them to discuss their responses. Quick-Writes • Select a prompt that you would like students to address. • Give students a specified amount of time to collect their thoughts and jot down a response(~3-5min). • Follow up with a Networking Session. Quick-Draw • Reflect on meaning of “big idea” and create a visual. • Follow up with Chalkboard Splash. “Ideas taken from Total participation Techniques” – Persida Himmele and William Himmele
  • 16. Engagement Strategies Networking Session • Prepare 1-4 prompts. Ask students to reflect on or quick- write responses to prompts. • Ask students to find someone (they have not spoken to) to discuss topic. • Signal when to switch to next person with next prompt. Thumbs Up/Thumbs Down • Ask students a question for which a yes/no or agree/disagree response is appropriate. Chalkboard Splash • Copy responses to Quick- Write or Quick-Draw onto random or selected places in classroom. (butcher paper) • Ask students to walk around, analyze and jot down similarities, differences, and surprises. • Ask students to get in small groups and share before sharing with larger group. “Ideas taken from Total participation Techniques” – Persida Himmele and William Himmele
  • 17. Important Consideration Tokuhama-Espinosa, T. (2012) General: • Safe, positive learning environment • Consider the role of emotions in learning • Primacy-recency • Sense and meaning • Active learning Specific Examples: • Note Taking • Summarizing • Questioning • Clear Objectives • Cooperative learning • Feedback • Mind maps/visual images • Graphic organizers • Homework
  • 18. References • Willis, J. (2006) Research based strategies to ignite student learning. ASCD: Alexandria, VA. • Tokuhama-Espinosa, T. (2012), MICDS Workshop. St. Louis • Willis, J. (2011) Sustaining students classroom attention in the digital age [Presentation]. 2011 Learning and the Brain Conference. San Francisco. • Hardiman, M. (2004) Connecting Brain Research With Effective Teaching: The Brain-Targeted Teaching Model. Lanham, Maryland: R&L Education • Sprenger, M. (2010), Brain-based teaching in the digital age. Alexandria, VA: ASCD. • Medina, J. (2008), Brain rules. Seattle, WA: Pear Press. • Marzano, R. J., Pickering, D.J., & Pollack, J.E., (2001), Classroom instruction that works. Alexandria, VA: ASCD. • rsida, and William Himmele.Total participation techniques making every student an active learner. Alexandria, Va.: ASCD, 2011. Print.

Editor's Notes

  1. Engagement Strategies – Attention not a voluntary choice- input must be selected by sensory filter. If it does not reach pre frontal cortex, does not make it to long term memory. Must be selected to make it to the reticular Activating System RAS. Survival skill for animals. Whatever is new or different will get priority. Curiosity alerts the RAS. Sound (voice volume, pitch, cadence), color, movement, placement of objects, your appearance (costumes, hats), do something unusual. Novelty and curiosity…predictions are great (which one1 penny doubled or 100,000). Grumpy faces do not allow passage to pre frontal cortex. Optical illusions to
  2. Children are sometimes misdiagnosed when the brain is not the problem. Kids are bored. Children want the dopamine pleasure that games and technology brings.
  3. Humor surprise problem solving
  4. Think pair share is only as good as the prompt. Up until now multiplying numbers has always resulted in a larger number Using words and pictures explain why multiplying fractions always results in a smaller number 2) How might the concept of an electoral college be considered undemocratic?
  5. Networking: To raise level delve into the implications of the concepts for the world around us. Provide opportunities for students to personalize the responses by applying them to their own worlds. Ask students to defend their responses based on learned info. Evaluation – blooms level