Forms of government (merits and demerits)

FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
BASED ON POWER & AUTHORITY DISTRIBUTION
BY MANISH SHIVALE
Email id:-
manishshivalerockstar@gmail.com

UNITARY FORM OF GOVERNMENT
 The government will have a
strong central government but
weak or non existent regional
governments.
 UK, Cuba, Belgium, France
etc.

• UNITARY GOVERNMENT-
Leaders can be a King, Prime Minister,or President
 it really doesn't matter who the leader of the country is; what matters, is that
the national level of the government has power and runs the country.
 a unitary system can be autocratic, oligarchic or democratic. so, depending
on the type of government that is in place, citizen may play a larger role in
the country's politics.

• example 1.UNITED KINGDOM.
• the UK is a unitary parliamentary
democracy,citizens vote for members of parliament.
• parliament members then select from themselves
who the prime minister will be.
• the national parliament runs the country, and the
local governments have ver little power.
• example 2.CUBA.
• it is a unitary communist government a communist
government the citizens don't have a say in how the
country is run.
• but again, the national governments runs the
country and local governments do not have much
power.

MERITS
• strong, stable, all powerful
government.
• single uniform administration
for whole of the state.
• simple and less expensive
system.
• flexible to changing social
needs and environment.
• suitable for small states.
• suitable for meeting
emergencies.

DEMERITS
• Fear of central dictatorship and
despotism.
• behaves inefficiently when
overburdened with all work.
• ignores the local needs when
fully involved in central issues.
• unsuitable for big states.
• more dependent on
Bureaucracy.
• less chances for popular
participation in the working of
government.

FEDERAL FORM OF GOVERNMENT
• divide power between the
central / national government
and the local / regional
government of smaller areas.
• a lot of power is given to local
governments to handle local
affairs.
• central government handles
issues that concern the entire
country such as military affairs.
• the U.S , Mexico, India etc.

FEDERALISM
• it can be seen as compromise
between the extreme
concentration of power and a
loose confederation of
independent states for
governing a variety of people
usually in a large expanse of
territory.
• it has the virtue of retaining
local pride, traditions and
power .
• the basic principle of American
federalism is fixed in the tenth
amendement to the
constitution

UNITED STATES AS A FEDERAL GOV'T

MERITS
• Reconciliation of local
autonomy with national unity.
• Division of powers between
the centre and states leads to
administrative efficiency.
• Gives rise to big states.
• Distribution of powers checks
the despotism of the central
government.
• Advantageous to the smaller
states.
• Good for economic and
cultural progress.

DEMERITS
• Lack of uniformity in administration.
• Distribution of powers leads to many
conflicts.
• Double citizenship.
• Sometimes state governments place
hindrance to foreign policy of the
centre.
• Constitution, being rigid, cannot be
adjusted to the fast changing
conditions.
• Provincial tendencies are very acute.

UNITARY VS FEDERAL
Points of
Distinction
Unitary Federal
Distribution of
Powers
No constitutional
division of powers
between the centre
and the states.
Division of powers is specified in
the constitution.
Constitutional
Status
The provinces act as
agents of the centre.
The centre and states have equal
status.
Position of
Judiciary
The position of the
Supreme Court is not
so important
The Supreme Court decides the
disputes between the centre and
the states.
Citizenship Single citizenship. Generally there is dual citizenship.

UNITARY VS FEDERAL
Points of
Distinction
Unitary Federal
Law Citizens have to
follows laws of only
one authority.
Citizens have to follow double
laws.
Dual and
Single Polity
Single set of authority Separate cabinets and
legislatures in the centre and in
the provinces.
Amendments
in the
Constitution
Amendments process
is not that much
difficult.
Amendments process is much
difficult.
Alternation in
the Boundaries
Parliament has the
absolute right of
altering the boundaries.
No right to make alteration in
the boundaries.

FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
BASED ON DEMoCRACy

• A democratic form of government in which
the people vote for those who represent
the political party they feel best represents
their views of how the government should
operate

• Parliament, the legislature the people
elect, makes and enforces the laws of
the country.
• The leader is often called a prime
minister (or premier), and the prime
minister is a member of parliament.
• The prime minister is usually chosen
by the political party that wins a
majority of representatives (or seats) in
the parliament. (In some parliaments
there are so many political parties
represented that none hold a majority.
Parliament members must decide
among themselves whom to elect as
prime minister.)

Forms of government (merits and demerits)

• The prime minister is the head
of the government.
• The prime minister leads the
executive branch of the
government and must answer
directly to the parliament for
the actions taken and the
policies recommended.
• In many parliamentary
democracies, a head of state
like a queen, king, or president
is the head of state but is
basically a ceremonial leader

• A prime minister holds power for the
term of office set by a country’s
constitution.
• A prime minister leads the work done
by the parliament, and the Prime
Minister is helped by his cabinet, a
group of advisors.
• A prime minister may be voted out of
office before his or her term runs out if
the party he or she leads begins to
lose power. (New elections may be
held before the prime minister’s term
of office is over.)

• A democratic form of
government in which a
president is chosen to be the
leader
• The executive branch exists
separately from the
legislature (to which it is
generally not accountable).

• A president, or chief executive, is
chosen separately from the legislature.
• A president is in a separate branch of
the government.
• The legislature passes the laws, and the
president sees that the laws are
enforced.
• The president holds power separately
from the legislature, but the president
does not have the power to dismiss the
legislature or force them to make
specific laws.

• The president is the official head of government.
• The legislature does not have the power to dismiss the
president, except in severe cases. (Example: when the
president has broken a law)
• The president is both the head of state and the head of
the government.

Forms of government (merits and demerits)

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