Grade 8 - Respiratory System

Not 100 % genuine slides, took from a couple of sources --> credits to those sources. #important thing is students are able to learn conveniently BIOLOGY GCE O level Syllabus NOTE: NEED TO DOWNLOAD BECAUSE THERE ARE MANY MANY ANIMATIONS THAT HIDE SOME OF THE CONTENT

Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter and are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom, such as sodium (Na) or oxygen (O). Compounds are formed when two or more elements chemically combine, resulting in a substance with totally new properties compared to the original elements. The periodic table provides information about each element's atomic number, chemical symbol, and atomic mass.

Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down further through chemical or physical means. There are currently 118 known elements, with new ones occasionally being discovered through artificial nuclear reactions. Elements are identified by their atomic number, which represents the number of protons in the nucleus. Elements are the basic building blocks of all matter and are used to create thousands of materials, though some like plutonium are also used in nuclear weapons due to their radioactive properties.

Grade 5 States of Matter - excellent presentation that can be used for the Properties and Changes in Matter grade 5 unit.

Plant transport systems include xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and minerals upwards from roots to shoots passively, using no energy. Phloem transports food such as sucrose horizontally throughout the plant using energy from ATP. Xylem vessels are located towards the edges of stems to resist bending forces, while located centrally in roots to withstand stretching. Transpiration is the evaporation of water from plant leaves, powered by the transpiration stream which replaces lost water. Transpiration cools plants and transports minerals upwards from roots.

The document summarizes key concepts about the human nervous system: 1. The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (cranial and spinal nerves). The brain controls voluntary actions while the spinal cord controls involuntary reflexes. 2. Sensory neurons detect stimuli and transmit nerve impulses to the central nervous system, while motor neurons transmit impulses from the CNS to effectors like muscles. 3. A reflex arc involves a receptor, sensory neuron, relay neuron, motor neuron, and effector to produce an involuntary response like the knee jerk reflex.

This document discusses ecosystems and human influences on the environment. It defines ecosystems and their key components like producers, consumers, and decomposers. It explains photosynthesis and how plants convert glucose for storage, transport, and growth. Food chains and webs show feeding relationships between trophic levels in an ecosystem. Ecological pyramids represent these relationships. The document also covers human waste treatment like sewage systems and pit latrines. It discusses pollution issues like eutrophication from excess nutrients and air pollution from carbon emissions. Reforestation helps address problems caused by deforestation.

IGCSE Biology 0610/ Syllabus 2020-2022/ Coursebook: Cambridge IGCSE Biology Coursebook (third edition), Mary Jones and Geoff Jones, Cambridge University Press. note: free to share and use ...is designed for level B1-B2. cheers,...

1) Light travels in straight lines and is a form of energy that travels much faster than sound. 2) We see objects because they reflect light into our eyes, and shadows are formed when light is blocked. 3) Mirrors come in plane, convex, and concave shapes and can form real or virtual images depending on their shape and whether the light rays actually meet or appear to meet.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants produce glucose from carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. It occurs in the chloroplasts of leaves, where chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and uses its energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis is important because it converts sunlight into chemical energy stored as glucose, which provides energy for plant growth and is eventually converted into starch for long term storage.

This document provides instructions for an activity to familiarize students with the periodic table. It asks students to complete a table by identifying the symbols for various elements using their periodic table. It also asks students to identify the group number each element belongs to. The objectives are for students to demonstrate familiarity with the layout of the periodic table, recognize information about elements, and identify element group numbers. Students are directed to write the activity name and date in their notebook before answering questions using their periodic table to identify element symbols and group numbers.

During a change of state, the motion and arrangement of a substance's particles change as it gains or loses energy from its surroundings. The three main states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas - can change between each other. Freezing and melting occur between solids and liquids as particles slow down or speed up. Evaporation, boiling, condensation change between liquids and gases as particles escape or are attracted together. Sublimation and deposition change directly between solids and gases. Mass and identity are conserved during state changes.

A chemical reaction involves the transformation of reactants into different products through rearrangement of atoms. Chemical reactions conserve mass as atoms are not destroyed or created, but instead are reorganized into new substances. Balancing chemical equations ensures the same number and type of atoms are on both sides of the reaction.

This document defines key terms related to disease transmission and the immune system. It explains that pathogens can transmit diseases through direct or indirect contact. The body has mechanical, chemical, and cellular defenses against pathogens, including white blood cells that distinguish self from non-self and produce antibodies. Vaccination exposes the body to harmless antigens to trigger antibody production and develop immunological memory for long-term protection. Both active and passive immunity are described, with active immunity resulting from infection or vaccination and producing memory cells, while passive immunity involves acquiring antibodies without memory cell development.

This document provides an overview of the scientific process and various topics in science. It discusses what science is, how science works through processes like making observations, developing inferences and hypotheses, conducting fair tests with variables, and analyzing results to form conclusions. It also outlines key branches of science like biology, physics, and chemistry. The document aims to explain scientific concepts and practices to students.

A physical change alters the size, shape, or state of a substance without changing its chemical identity, and can be reversed. A chemical change transforms one or more substances into different substances with new properties, as indicated by a color change, formation of a precipitate or gas, or release of heat or light, and cannot easily be reversed.

This document is a PowerPoint presentation on the processes of diffusion, osmosis, and active transport that allow substances to move in and out of cells. It defines each process and explains how surface area, temperature, and concentration gradients affect their rates. It also describes a simple experiment demonstrating diffusion using a semipermeable membrane and solutions with different sugar concentrations.

The respiratory system is made up of organs and structures that help move oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out. Air enters through the nose and mouth, where it is warmed and filtered before passing through the pharynx and larynx into the trachea. The trachea branches into bronchi that lead to the lungs, where oxygen is exchanged in the alveoli and carbon dioxide passes back into the bloodstream. The respiratory system works with the circulatory system to provide oxygen to cells for cellular respiration and remove carbon dioxide and water waste.