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Historical
Foundations
of Philippine
 Education
        Prepared by:
  Labog, Michael John R.
  II-21 BSE Social Science
Development of
 Education in
the Philippines
     from
Pre-Spanish to
 Present times
Timeline
Before 1521    Education before the coming of
                  Spaniards
 1521-1896      Education during the Spanish
                   Regime
 1896-1899    Education during the Philippine
                 Revolution
  1898-1935   Education during the American
                 Occupation
  1935-1941  Education during the Philippine
               Commonwealth
 1941-1944     Education during the Japanese
                 Occupation
1944-1946    Education after the World War II
1946-present   Education under the Philippine
                   Republic
Pre- Hispanic Education
• Pre- Hispanic education in the
Philippines was not formal
•Education was oral, practical, and
hands-on
•The objective was basically to promote
reverence for, and adoration of Bathala,
respect for laws, customs, and
authorities represented by parents and
elders
•When the Spaniards arrived in the
Philippines they encountered islanders
who knew how to read and write.

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The document summarizes the development of the educational system in the Philippines from pre-colonial times to the present. It describes how education evolved from informal oral teachings to structured schooling introduced by the Spanish and Americans. It discusses the establishment of schools during each ruling period and how the curriculum changed, with religion and the vernacular originally emphasized and English and vocational subjects later incorporated. Challenges faced included lack of funding and teachers. The document traces how education has aimed to develop moral, civic-minded citizens and support national identity and economic progress.

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deped
Education during the Spanish
          Regime
•The Friars established parochial
schools linked with churches to teach
catechism to the natives
•Instruction was in the dialect
•Education was managed, supervised,
and controlled and the friars
•Education in the country was not
uniform
•The system of schooling was not
hierarchical nor structured, thus there
were no grade levels
Major Problems
•Lack of trained teachers
•Lack of teachers
(150 teacher-missionaries to instruct over half a
million inhabitants)
• Lack of funds, instructional materials, and in many
instances school houses
Because of need, higher level
schools were established much later
    by virtue of royal decrees.
  •Colegios
  •Beaterios
Subjects: Based on the Royal Decree of
                 1863
 •Languages(Latin, Spanish grammar and literature,
 elementary Greek, French and English)
 •History( Universal, Spanish)
 •Mathematics(Arithmetic, Algebra, Trigonometry,
 Geometry)
 •Philosophy(Rhethoric, Logic, Ethics)
 •Geography
 •Pshychology

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Philippine Revolution
•Illustrados spearheaded the
Propaganda Movemnent
•Curricular reforms
1. Secularization of education
2. Instruction of Spanish
3. Greater attention to natural science
4. The design of a relevant curriculum
5. Improvement of higher centers of
     learning
6. Improvement of educational system
• Jose Rizal criticized unequivocally the friars’
  method of instruction in his two novels Noli
  Me Tangere and El filibusterismo
1. Disproportionate focus on religion
2. Discourage the attempt of Filipino students
   to speak in Spanish
3. Lack of pedagogical skills
4. Irrelevant courses in the curriculum
Curriculum
 To improve the existing curriculum, Rizal considered the
   ff. Subjects as required courses in secondary schools
•Science
•Math
•History
•Philosophy
•Law
•Language
•P.E
•Religion
•Music
•Social Sciences
Graciano- Lopez Jaena
“The outstanding cause of the distressed situation of
Filipinos today is the anomalous education received
by the youth in schools. They learn to read correctly
and write gracefully, but they do not learn anything
useful because they are not taught any. They are
taught how to pray and never go to work”

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The document provides a historical overview of the Philippine educational system from the pre-Spanish era through the Spanish era. In the pre-Spanish era, education was informal and focused on vocational training through observation and imitation. There was no organized system of education. During the Spanish era, a formal education system was established with a focus on religion, Spanish language, and control by friars. Several schools and colleges were established but education remained limited. The 1863 decree expanded access but issues remained around resources, control, and attendance. The First Republic briefly established self-governance after the Spanish-American war.

educationhistorypre-spanish
American Occupation
•The Americans used education as a vehicle
for its program benevolent asimilation
•American soldiers were the first teachers
•Restore damaged school houses, build
new ones and conduct classes
•Trained teachers replaced soldiers
•Filipinos warmly received their new
teachers, Thomasites
•American teachers infused their students
the spirit of democracy and progress as
well as fair play
TAKE NOTE!
• It is not surprising that the democratic values
  espoused by the Americans, whether SINCERE
  or NOT, touched a receptive nerve un the
  Filipino psyche.
•Americans discarded the religious bias
•Educational Act of 1901- Separation of Church and
State in education
•Encourage filipino in the field of teaching
•Outstanding filipino scholars were sent to US to train
as teachers
Curriculum
Primary Education
•GMRC
•Civics
•Hygiene and Sanitation
•Geography
Intermediate Curriculum
•Grammar and composition
•Reading, spelling
•Science courses
•Physiology
•Hygiene and sanitation
•Intensive teaching of geography

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•Government established NORMAL SCHOOL for future
teachers
•Courses include
Methods of teaching, practice teaching, psychology,
mathematics, language, science, history and
government, social sciences, P.E
•White collar-job bias
Philippine Commonwealth
•All schools should develop moral character, personal
discipline, civic conscience and vocational efficiency
•Promote effective participation of the citizens in the
processes of a democratic society
•Educational Act of 1940
“meet the increasing demand for public instruction
and at the same time comply with the constitutional
mandate on public education”
Japanese Regime
•6 basic principles of japanese Education
1. Realization of NEW ORDER and promote friendly
   relations between Japan and the Philippines to the
   farthest extent
2. Foster a new Filipino culture based
3. Endeavor to elevate the morals of people, giving
   up over emphasis of materialism
4. Diffusion of the Japanese language in the
   philippines
5. Promotion of VOCATIONAL course
6. To inspire people with the spirit to love neighbor
Curriculum
•School calendar became longer
•No summer vacation for students
•Class size increased to 60
•Deleted anti-asian opinions, banned the singing of
american songs, deleted american symbols, poems
and pictures

•Nihongo as a means of introducing and cultivvating
love for Japanese culture
•Social Studies

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Curriculum development
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This document discusses the history and development of curriculum in the Philippines. It covers the influences of Spanish colonial rule, American rule, and the Japanese occupation on the Philippine curriculum. It also describes the essentialist and progressive schools of thought on curriculum development. Additionally, it discusses the modernization and reforms of the Philippine curriculum after independence, including an emphasis on moral values, relevance, vocational education, and national consciousness. The document provides context on how political, economic, social, and religious factors have shaped curriculum development in the Philippines over time.

Take Note!
Spanish- Reign for 300 years
American- 50 years
Japanese- about four years
•It is thus not surprising that despite the measure
they had instituted, the Japanese failed to succeed in
transforming the values and attitudes of the people in
line with their vision of the NEW ORDER.
•A contributory factor was widely reported brutalities
that ushered in the Japanese occupation that the
filipinos did not experience with the same degree
during the American period
After World War II
In 1947, by the virtue of Executive Order No. 94, the
Department of Instruction was changed to
"Department of Education." During this period, the
regulation and supervision of public and private
schools belonged to the Bureau of Public and Private
Schools.
Education after 1940
• The objective of the Philippine Education was to
  established “integrated, nationalistic, and
  democracy- inspired educational system”
  included the ff.
1. Inculcate moral and spiritual values inspired by
   an abiding faith in God
2. To develop an enlighten, patriotic, useful and
   upright citizenry in a democratic society
3. Conservation of the national resources
4. Perpetuation of our desirable values
5. Promote the science, arts and letters
•Great experiments in the community school and the use
of vernacular in the first two grades of the primary
schools as the medium of instruction were some of
them.
•An experiment worth mentioning that led to a change in
the Philippine Educational Philosophy was that of school
and community collaboration pioneered by Jose V.
Aguilar.
Schools are increasingly using instructional materials that
are Philippine-oriented.
Memorandum No. 30, 1966 sets the order of priority in
the purchase of books for use in the schools were as
follows:
Books which are contributions to Phil. Literature
Books on character education and other library materials
Library equipment and permanent features

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This presentation was made for the subject "THE TEACHING PROFESSION". Philippines was the country assigned to us and we need to compare it with the other country's education system.

education systemeducation
Martial Law period
• The Department of Education became the
  Department of Education and Culture in 1972,
  the Ministry of Education and Culture in 1978,
  and with the Education Act of 1982, the
  Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports.
• A bilingual education scheme was established
  in 1974, requiring Filipino and English to be
  used in schools.
• Science and math subjects as well as English
  language and literature classes were taught in
  English while the rest were taught in Filipino.
From 1986 to the present

• The bilingual policy in education was reiterated in
  the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines.
• (EDCOM), Congress passed Republic Act 7722 and
  Republic Act 7796 in 1994, creating
  theCommission on Higher Education (CHED) and
  the Technical Education and Skills Development
  Authority (TESDA). The institute governing basic
  education was thus renamed in 2001 as
  the Department of Education (DepEd).
• The quality of public school education is generally
  considered to have declined since the post-war
  years, mainly due to insufficient funds. The
  Department of Education aims to address the
  major problems affecting public education by
  2010.
• Private schools are able to offer better facilities
  and education, but are also much more
  expensive. There is a wide variety of private
  schools, including all-boys’ and all-girls’ schools,
  religious schools, non-sectarian schools, Chinese
  schools, special schools, and international
  schools. Due to economic difficulties, there has
  been a recent increase in the popularity of home
  schooling and open universities in the Philippines.
Reference
•http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.ph
p?title=Education_in_the_Philippines
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educati
on_in_the_Philippines
•THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
(PHILIPPINE CONTEXT) by PROF. RONNIE
ESPERGAL PASIGUI

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#historicalfoundation #education #theorist #princi
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Helps viewer to identify easily the Educ. System in the Phil., Quality Education and Access to Education

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Historical foundation of philippine education

  • 1. Historical Foundations of Philippine Education Prepared by: Labog, Michael John R. II-21 BSE Social Science
  • 2. Development of Education in the Philippines from Pre-Spanish to Present times
  • 3. Timeline Before 1521 Education before the coming of Spaniards 1521-1896 Education during the Spanish Regime 1896-1899 Education during the Philippine Revolution 1898-1935 Education during the American Occupation 1935-1941 Education during the Philippine Commonwealth 1941-1944 Education during the Japanese Occupation 1944-1946 Education after the World War II 1946-present Education under the Philippine Republic
  • 4. Pre- Hispanic Education • Pre- Hispanic education in the Philippines was not formal •Education was oral, practical, and hands-on •The objective was basically to promote reverence for, and adoration of Bathala, respect for laws, customs, and authorities represented by parents and elders •When the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines they encountered islanders who knew how to read and write.
  • 5. Education during the Spanish Regime •The Friars established parochial schools linked with churches to teach catechism to the natives •Instruction was in the dialect •Education was managed, supervised, and controlled and the friars •Education in the country was not uniform •The system of schooling was not hierarchical nor structured, thus there were no grade levels
  • 6. Major Problems •Lack of trained teachers •Lack of teachers (150 teacher-missionaries to instruct over half a million inhabitants) • Lack of funds, instructional materials, and in many instances school houses
  • 7. Because of need, higher level schools were established much later by virtue of royal decrees. •Colegios •Beaterios
  • 8. Subjects: Based on the Royal Decree of 1863 •Languages(Latin, Spanish grammar and literature, elementary Greek, French and English) •History( Universal, Spanish) •Mathematics(Arithmetic, Algebra, Trigonometry, Geometry) •Philosophy(Rhethoric, Logic, Ethics) •Geography •Pshychology
  • 9. Philippine Revolution •Illustrados spearheaded the Propaganda Movemnent •Curricular reforms 1. Secularization of education 2. Instruction of Spanish 3. Greater attention to natural science 4. The design of a relevant curriculum 5. Improvement of higher centers of learning 6. Improvement of educational system
  • 10. • Jose Rizal criticized unequivocally the friars’ method of instruction in his two novels Noli Me Tangere and El filibusterismo 1. Disproportionate focus on religion 2. Discourage the attempt of Filipino students to speak in Spanish 3. Lack of pedagogical skills 4. Irrelevant courses in the curriculum
  • 11. Curriculum To improve the existing curriculum, Rizal considered the ff. Subjects as required courses in secondary schools •Science •Math •History •Philosophy •Law •Language •P.E •Religion •Music •Social Sciences
  • 12. Graciano- Lopez Jaena “The outstanding cause of the distressed situation of Filipinos today is the anomalous education received by the youth in schools. They learn to read correctly and write gracefully, but they do not learn anything useful because they are not taught any. They are taught how to pray and never go to work”
  • 13. American Occupation •The Americans used education as a vehicle for its program benevolent asimilation •American soldiers were the first teachers •Restore damaged school houses, build new ones and conduct classes •Trained teachers replaced soldiers •Filipinos warmly received their new teachers, Thomasites •American teachers infused their students the spirit of democracy and progress as well as fair play
  • 14. TAKE NOTE! • It is not surprising that the democratic values espoused by the Americans, whether SINCERE or NOT, touched a receptive nerve un the Filipino psyche.
  • 15. •Americans discarded the religious bias •Educational Act of 1901- Separation of Church and State in education •Encourage filipino in the field of teaching •Outstanding filipino scholars were sent to US to train as teachers
  • 16. Curriculum Primary Education •GMRC •Civics •Hygiene and Sanitation •Geography Intermediate Curriculum •Grammar and composition •Reading, spelling •Science courses •Physiology •Hygiene and sanitation •Intensive teaching of geography
  • 17. •Government established NORMAL SCHOOL for future teachers •Courses include Methods of teaching, practice teaching, psychology, mathematics, language, science, history and government, social sciences, P.E •White collar-job bias
  • 18. Philippine Commonwealth •All schools should develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience and vocational efficiency •Promote effective participation of the citizens in the processes of a democratic society •Educational Act of 1940 “meet the increasing demand for public instruction and at the same time comply with the constitutional mandate on public education”
  • 19. Japanese Regime •6 basic principles of japanese Education 1. Realization of NEW ORDER and promote friendly relations between Japan and the Philippines to the farthest extent 2. Foster a new Filipino culture based 3. Endeavor to elevate the morals of people, giving up over emphasis of materialism 4. Diffusion of the Japanese language in the philippines 5. Promotion of VOCATIONAL course 6. To inspire people with the spirit to love neighbor
  • 20. Curriculum •School calendar became longer •No summer vacation for students •Class size increased to 60 •Deleted anti-asian opinions, banned the singing of american songs, deleted american symbols, poems and pictures •Nihongo as a means of introducing and cultivvating love for Japanese culture •Social Studies
  • 21. Take Note! Spanish- Reign for 300 years American- 50 years Japanese- about four years •It is thus not surprising that despite the measure they had instituted, the Japanese failed to succeed in transforming the values and attitudes of the people in line with their vision of the NEW ORDER. •A contributory factor was widely reported brutalities that ushered in the Japanese occupation that the filipinos did not experience with the same degree during the American period
  • 22. After World War II In 1947, by the virtue of Executive Order No. 94, the Department of Instruction was changed to "Department of Education." During this period, the regulation and supervision of public and private schools belonged to the Bureau of Public and Private Schools.
  • 23. Education after 1940 • The objective of the Philippine Education was to established “integrated, nationalistic, and democracy- inspired educational system” included the ff. 1. Inculcate moral and spiritual values inspired by an abiding faith in God 2. To develop an enlighten, patriotic, useful and upright citizenry in a democratic society 3. Conservation of the national resources 4. Perpetuation of our desirable values 5. Promote the science, arts and letters
  • 24. •Great experiments in the community school and the use of vernacular in the first two grades of the primary schools as the medium of instruction were some of them. •An experiment worth mentioning that led to a change in the Philippine Educational Philosophy was that of school and community collaboration pioneered by Jose V. Aguilar. Schools are increasingly using instructional materials that are Philippine-oriented. Memorandum No. 30, 1966 sets the order of priority in the purchase of books for use in the schools were as follows: Books which are contributions to Phil. Literature Books on character education and other library materials Library equipment and permanent features
  • 25. Martial Law period • The Department of Education became the Department of Education and Culture in 1972, the Ministry of Education and Culture in 1978, and with the Education Act of 1982, the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports. • A bilingual education scheme was established in 1974, requiring Filipino and English to be used in schools. • Science and math subjects as well as English language and literature classes were taught in English while the rest were taught in Filipino.
  • 26. From 1986 to the present • The bilingual policy in education was reiterated in the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines. • (EDCOM), Congress passed Republic Act 7722 and Republic Act 7796 in 1994, creating theCommission on Higher Education (CHED) and the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). The institute governing basic education was thus renamed in 2001 as the Department of Education (DepEd).
  • 27. • The quality of public school education is generally considered to have declined since the post-war years, mainly due to insufficient funds. The Department of Education aims to address the major problems affecting public education by 2010. • Private schools are able to offer better facilities and education, but are also much more expensive. There is a wide variety of private schools, including all-boys’ and all-girls’ schools, religious schools, non-sectarian schools, Chinese schools, special schools, and international schools. Due to economic difficulties, there has been a recent increase in the popularity of home schooling and open universities in the Philippines.
  • 29. Thank You for Listening! 