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Hominid Evolution
Hominid Evolution
•   Hominids family of organism that includes humans
•   Earliest subgroup of primates
•   First appeared between 6 and 7 million ears ago
•   Has evolved several times..we can tell by looking at
    fossil evidence…Skulls in particular
Hominid Evolution
• Today researchers believe Hominid evolution proceed by
• Adaptive radiation is a process by which a several species
  evolve from single ancestral species.
Hominid Evolution
• Adaptations in hominid evolution
  include …
• Bipedal locomotion-walking upright on 2 legs
• Large brains- specially cerebrum; Increase in
  cranial capacity
• Changes in skull shape, including decrease in
  size of brow ridge (section of bone above
  eye)
• Decrease in jaw size and angle at which jaw
  protrudes from face
• Decrease in the number of teeth
• Opposable thumbs- adapted for grasping
• Development of the ability to make and use
  tools
• Development of the ability to communicate
  using language

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The document summarizes human evolution from early primates to modern humans. It describes how primates evolved from tree-dwelling mammals around 65 million years ago. Early hominids like Australopithecus began walking upright around 3-5 million years ago. Several early Homo species evolved, including H. habilis, H. erectus, and H. heidelbergensis. Homo sapiens evolved in Africa around 200,000 years ago before migrating to other parts of the world. Neanderthals were a closely related species that lived in Europe and Asia.

Human Evolution
Human EvolutionHuman Evolution
Human Evolution

This document provides an overview of primate and hominid evolution from early primates to modern humans. It describes key developments such as the evolution of binocular vision and grasping limbs in early primates. Important hominid species discussed include Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Neanderthals, Homo floresiensis, and Homo sapiens. Adaptations to bipedalism and expanding brain size in hominids are highlighted.

Human evolution
Human evolutionHuman evolution
Human evolution

The document summarizes key aspects of human evolution, including: 1) Primates started evolving around 75-60 million years ago, with humans and apes diverging from a common ancestor around 25-30 million years ago. 2) Early humans likely originated in Central Asia, based on where the oldest fossils have been found. 3) Early hominid species included Orrorin tugenensis from 6-5 million years ago, Sahelanthropus tchadensis from 7-6 million years ago, and Ardipithecus from 4.4-5.6 million years ago. 4) Australopithecus, the first "ape man", lived from 4

homo sapiens origin phylogeny evolution human aust
Hominid evolution part
• The earliest genus of
  hominids is called
  Australopithecus, meaning
  "southern ape
• found in eastern Africa in
  1974
• Australopithecus afarensis
   – Species existed between 3
     million and 4 million years
     ago
   – A. afarenis was shorter than
     modern humans, less than
     1.5 m tall
• Homo habilis-
  – Oldest…existed 2 million years ago
  – handy man.” fossils found with tools
• Homo erectus means upright human
       –   Existed 1.6 million years ago to about 200,000 years ago
       –   Taller and larger brain than Homo habilis
       –   Smaller teeth than Homo habilis
       –   Lived in groups (suggest language use) and used fire
• Homo sapiens- means wise human
       – Existed about 100,000 to 200,000 years ago
       – Some believe they arose directly from Homo erectus while other believe they arose from Homo
         Neanderthals (who descended from Homo erectus)
       – By about 40,000 years ago, H. sapiens were physically identical to modern humans
• Homo neanderthalensis - Neanderthals
   –Emerged in Germany 300,000 years ago
   –Lived till about 30,000 years ago
   – made stone tools and lived in organized social groups and had organized societies
   – Brain was similar in size to modern humans
   – DNA evidence now supports this theory…modern human DNA is 99.7 % identical
     to that of the Neanderthals
• Cro-Magnons appeared in Europe (shortly after, Neanderthals disappeared)
• Modern Humans –Last 10,000 years, Earth’s only hominid.

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Hominid evolution part

  • 2. Hominid Evolution • Hominids family of organism that includes humans • Earliest subgroup of primates • First appeared between 6 and 7 million ears ago • Has evolved several times..we can tell by looking at fossil evidence…Skulls in particular
  • 3. Hominid Evolution • Today researchers believe Hominid evolution proceed by • Adaptive radiation is a process by which a several species evolve from single ancestral species.
  • 4. Hominid Evolution • Adaptations in hominid evolution include … • Bipedal locomotion-walking upright on 2 legs • Large brains- specially cerebrum; Increase in cranial capacity • Changes in skull shape, including decrease in size of brow ridge (section of bone above eye) • Decrease in jaw size and angle at which jaw protrudes from face • Decrease in the number of teeth • Opposable thumbs- adapted for grasping • Development of the ability to make and use tools • Development of the ability to communicate using language
  • 6. • The earliest genus of hominids is called Australopithecus, meaning "southern ape • found in eastern Africa in 1974 • Australopithecus afarensis – Species existed between 3 million and 4 million years ago – A. afarenis was shorter than modern humans, less than 1.5 m tall
  • 7. • Homo habilis- – Oldest…existed 2 million years ago – handy man.” fossils found with tools • Homo erectus means upright human – Existed 1.6 million years ago to about 200,000 years ago – Taller and larger brain than Homo habilis – Smaller teeth than Homo habilis – Lived in groups (suggest language use) and used fire • Homo sapiens- means wise human – Existed about 100,000 to 200,000 years ago – Some believe they arose directly from Homo erectus while other believe they arose from Homo Neanderthals (who descended from Homo erectus) – By about 40,000 years ago, H. sapiens were physically identical to modern humans • Homo neanderthalensis - Neanderthals –Emerged in Germany 300,000 years ago –Lived till about 30,000 years ago – made stone tools and lived in organized social groups and had organized societies – Brain was similar in size to modern humans – DNA evidence now supports this theory…modern human DNA is 99.7 % identical to that of the Neanderthals • Cro-Magnons appeared in Europe (shortly after, Neanderthals disappeared) • Modern Humans –Last 10,000 years, Earth’s only hominid.