The document discusses various types of malware like viruses, worms, trojans, spyware, ransomware, and backdoors. It explains what malware is, how it infects systems, and its objectives. Various malware analysis techniques like static analysis, dynamic analysis, code analysis, and behavioral analysis are also summarized. The document also discusses antivirus software, how it works, and examples like Bitdefender, Avast, and Panda. It covers memory management techniques and task management.
This document discusses malware, antivirus software, and firewalls. It defines malware as malicious software like viruses, worms, trojans, adware and spyware that can damage computers. It describes common types of malware and how they infect devices. It then explains how antivirus software works using techniques like signature-based detection, heuristics, rootkit detection and real-time protection to identify and remove malware. Finally, it defines firewalls as systems that block unauthorized network access and outlines types like hardware/software firewalls as well as how they function using methods such as packet filtering, application inspection and proxy servers.
Malware refers to software designed to harm computer systems, networks, and users. It can take many forms, including viruses, worms, ransomware, adware, spyware, rootkits, and backdoors. Viruses spread by infecting files and programs, worms replicate to spread across networks, and ransomware encrypts user data until a ransom is paid. To protect against malware, individuals and organizations should use antivirus software, keep systems updated, and exercise caution when opening attachments or downloading software. Antivirus programs detect and remove malware using techniques like signature-based detection, behavior-based detection, sandbox-based detection, and data mining.
hey...
This PPT is about Computer Virus and its prevention Technique
1. What is computer virus
2. Types of computer virus
3. How to prevent computer from Virus
4. Antivirus
5. Types of antivirus
This ppt is useful for
B.Ed course / MCA/BCA/ BBA/BCOM/MCOM/M.Ed etc.
This document discusses common computer threats such as malware, viruses, worms, Trojan horses, rootkits, spyware, and backdoors. It defines each threat and describes how they infect computers and steal information. The document recommends choosing effective antivirus software to scan for and prevent damage from these threats. Regular scanning and an antivirus system can armor your computer against viruses and other malicious programs.
Viruses are harmful programs that spread by inserting copies of themselves into other files and programs. They can slow down systems, change file sizes and corrupt data. Common types include boot sector, encrypted, polymorphic, and macro viruses. Anti-virus software uses virus definitions and behavior analysis to identify and remove viruses. Mind Hacks is an effective antivirus that has deep file scanning capabilities and behavioral analysis to detect viruses without requiring updates. It provides strong protection against malware.
This document discusses malware and provides information about common types of malware like viruses, trojans, worms, spyware, and adware. It then discusses antivirus and anti-spyware software that can be used to protect systems from malware by identifying, removing, and preventing malware infections. Regularly updating antivirus software and scanning systems is recommended to keep systems secure from evolving malware threats.
This document defines and describes different types of computer software and malware. It discusses system software like operating systems that control hardware, and application software programs that perform tasks for users like word processors. Malware is defined as malicious software that can harm computers, and many types are described such as viruses, ransomware, spyware, Trojans, and worms. Finally, the document outlines symptoms of malware infections and recommendations for prevention and removal.
Types of malicious software and remediesManish Kumar
Malware comes in many forms, including viruses, worms, spyware, Trojan horses, and more. Viruses can replicate and spread, worms self-replicate to use system resources, and spyware collects user data without permission. Rootkits conceal running processes and files to maintain unauthorized access. It is important to use antivirus software, keep systems updated, avoid suspicious emails/links, and be wary of unauthorized programs.
This document discusses malware, antivirus software, and firewalls. It defines malware as malicious software like viruses, worms, trojans, adware and spyware that can damage computers. It describes common types of malware and how they infect devices. It then explains how antivirus software works using techniques like signature-based detection, heuristics, rootkit detection and real-time protection to identify and remove malware. Finally, it defines firewalls as systems that block unauthorized network access and outlines types like hardware/software firewalls as well as how they function using methods such as packet filtering, application inspection and proxy servers.
Malware refers to software designed to harm computer systems, networks, and users. It can take many forms, including viruses, worms, ransomware, adware, spyware, rootkits, and backdoors. Viruses spread by infecting files and programs, worms replicate to spread across networks, and ransomware encrypts user data until a ransom is paid. To protect against malware, individuals and organizations should use antivirus software, keep systems updated, and exercise caution when opening attachments or downloading software. Antivirus programs detect and remove malware using techniques like signature-based detection, behavior-based detection, sandbox-based detection, and data mining.
hey...
This PPT is about Computer Virus and its prevention Technique
1. What is computer virus
2. Types of computer virus
3. How to prevent computer from Virus
4. Antivirus
5. Types of antivirus
This ppt is useful for
B.Ed course / MCA/BCA/ BBA/BCOM/MCOM/M.Ed etc.
This document discusses common computer threats such as malware, viruses, worms, Trojan horses, rootkits, spyware, and backdoors. It defines each threat and describes how they infect computers and steal information. The document recommends choosing effective antivirus software to scan for and prevent damage from these threats. Regular scanning and an antivirus system can armor your computer against viruses and other malicious programs.
Viruses are harmful programs that spread by inserting copies of themselves into other files and programs. They can slow down systems, change file sizes and corrupt data. Common types include boot sector, encrypted, polymorphic, and macro viruses. Anti-virus software uses virus definitions and behavior analysis to identify and remove viruses. Mind Hacks is an effective antivirus that has deep file scanning capabilities and behavioral analysis to detect viruses without requiring updates. It provides strong protection against malware.
This document discusses malware and provides information about common types of malware like viruses, trojans, worms, spyware, and adware. It then discusses antivirus and anti-spyware software that can be used to protect systems from malware by identifying, removing, and preventing malware infections. Regularly updating antivirus software and scanning systems is recommended to keep systems secure from evolving malware threats.
This document defines and describes different types of computer software and malware. It discusses system software like operating systems that control hardware, and application software programs that perform tasks for users like word processors. Malware is defined as malicious software that can harm computers, and many types are described such as viruses, ransomware, spyware, Trojans, and worms. Finally, the document outlines symptoms of malware infections and recommendations for prevention and removal.
Types of malicious software and remediesManish Kumar
Malware comes in many forms, including viruses, worms, spyware, Trojan horses, and more. Viruses can replicate and spread, worms self-replicate to use system resources, and spyware collects user data without permission. Rootkits conceal running processes and files to maintain unauthorized access. It is important to use antivirus software, keep systems updated, avoid suspicious emails/links, and be wary of unauthorized programs.
Malware is a worldwide pandemic. It is designed to damage computer systems without
the knowledge of the owner using the system. Software‟s from reputable vendors also contain
malicious code that affects the system or leaks information‟s to remote servers. Malware‟s includes
computer viruses, spyware, dishonest ad-ware, rootkits, Trojans, dialers etc. Malware detectors are
the primary tools in defense against malware. The quality of such a detector is determined by the
techniques it uses. It is therefore imperative that we study malware detection techniques and
understand their strengths and limitations. This survey examines different types of Malware and
malware detection methods.
CS266 Software Reverse Engineering (SRE)
Identifying, Monitoring, and Reporting Malware
Teodoro (Ted) Cipresso, teodoro.cipresso@sjsu.edu
Department of Computer Science
San José State University
Spring 2015
The document provides an overview of malware analysis, including its goals, common techniques, types of malware, and general rules. The goals of analysis are to understand what happened during an infection, locate all affected systems and files, and determine a malware's capabilities to facilitate detection and remediation. Techniques include static analysis of files without execution and dynamic analysis by running malware in a controlled environment. Types of malware include backdoors, botnets, downloaders, info-stealers, and more. General rules advise focusing on key features, using multiple tools and approaches, and recognizing that malware aims to evade analysis.
Training on July 16, 2017.
This training is the compressed version of Malware Engineering & Crafting.
In this training, we will talk about malware as well as crafting the simple working malware. The goal of this session is to understanding malware internal so one can have tactics to combat it.
A computer virus is a malicious computer program that can copy itself and spread without permission. It can infect computers by being transferred through email attachments, files on removable drives like USBs, or by exploiting vulnerabilities in network file sharing systems. While some viruses only replicate and spread, others are programmed to damage systems by deleting files or reformatting hard drives. Anti-virus software uses virus signatures and heuristics to detect known and unknown viruses, helping to prevent and remove infections. However, users must still regularly update their software and operating systems to patch new vulnerabilities exploited by viruses.
A computer virus is a type of malicious software or malware that attaches itself to other programs and files to replicate itself. Viruses can damage software, steal personal information, slow down systems, and more. Antivirus software uses techniques like on-access scanning, virus definitions, heuristics, and detection testing to identify and remove viruses and other malware from computers. Regularly updating antivirus software and virus definitions is important for protection.
Type of Malware and its different analysis and its types !Mohammed Jaseem Tp
This document discusses different types of malware and methods for analyzing malware. It defines malware as malicious software designed to damage computers without consent. The document outlines 10 main types of malware: viruses, worms, Trojans, spyware, adware, ransomware, rootkits, keyloggers, botnets, and bugs. It also describes 3 methods of malware analysis: static analysis, which examines code without executing it; dynamic analysis, which observes behavior by running malware; and threat analysis, which identifies malware families and tracks criminal infrastructure over time.
Malwares and ways to detect and prevent themkrunal gandhi
Backdoors are hidden code installed by developers to bypass security tests, allowing hackers unauthorized access. Hackers insert hacking code as "trapdoors" to corrupt programs without security constraints. Viruses self-replicate like diseases through emails or the internet, damaging files and slowing systems. Worms spread autonomously across networks like non-parasitic structures, multiplying and damaging multiple systems. Trojan horses disguise as useful programs but install hidden code with backdoors for hackers to access systems unauthorized and steal information. Detection methods include analyzing hidden processes with System Information Utility and network connections with Netstat.
This document discusses different types of malicious software including viruses, trojan horses, worms, and spyware. It provides details on how each type spreads and the harm they can cause. Viruses spread by infecting other files or programs and can corrupt data or disrupt systems. Trojan horses disguise harmful programs as legitimate ones. Worms replicate across networks and can delete files or disrupt systems. The document outlines strategies for prevention, detection, and removal of malicious software.
Malware comes in many forms and poses increasing threats. The document discusses the basics of how malware works, including propagation techniques to spread, payloads to damage systems, and self-defense mechanisms. It also covers common malware classes like viruses, worms and Trojans. Examples are given of real malware outbreaks like WannaCry and Petya to show how quickly they can spread. Defense strategies include using antivirus software, keeping systems updated, and maintaining backups.
A computer virus is a malicious program that can copy itself and infect computers. It runs without the user's permission and can slow down computers or cause errors. Antivirus software uses virus signatures and heuristics to detect viruses and remove or quarantine infected files to disinfect computers. There are many types of viruses like boot, program, macro, and polymorphic viruses that infect different parts of a system. Antivirus software, system restore, reinstalling the operating system, and firewalls are some methods used for virus recovery and protection.
This document defines malware and describes common types like viruses, trojans, worms, spyware, and adware. It explains that malware is hostile software installed without consent that can harm systems. Viruses replicate by inserting copies into other programs and files, while trojans and worms spread automatically but don't replicate on their own. Spyware and adware track users' online activities and display unwanted ads. The document also outlines how antivirus software uses virus definitions and behavior monitoring to detect and remove malware, and provides examples of popular antivirus programs.
This document discusses malware and how antivirus software works to protect systems. It defines malware as software designed to harm systems without consent. Common types of malware include viruses, trojans, spyware, adware, and rootkits. Viruses can damage data and systems. Antivirus software uses virus definitions and monitors program behavior to identify malware. It provides regular updates to address new threats and scans systems to find and remove malware. Disconnecting systems from networks and running full antivirus scans is recommended if malware is suspected.
Malware refers to malicious software such as viruses, Trojan horses, rootkits, worms, and spyware. Viruses can infect files and boot sectors, while worms self-replicate clogging systems. Anti-virus software uses signature scanning to detect known viruses, heuristic scanning to find unknown viruses, and integrity checking to compare file hashes. However, signature databases require frequent updates as new viruses emerge daily.
Malware is malicious software that can compromise computer functions, steal data, bypass access controls, or otherwise cause harm. It includes viruses, trojans, rootkits, worms, spyware, adware, and spam. Viruses infect files while worms self-replicate and spread. Antivirus software uses signature scanning, heuristic analysis, and integrity checking to detect malware, but must constantly update signatures to address new threats. Effective prevention requires keeping software and security updates current, using caution when clicking links or entering information online, and avoiding unsecured networks.
This chapter provides an overview of malware analysis. It outlines the goals of malware analysis as determining what happened during a network intrusion and ensuring all infected machines and files are located. It describes static and dynamic analysis techniques, from basic to advanced. It also defines common types of malware like backdoors, botnets, downloaders, and more. Finally, it provides general rules for malware analysis, like focusing on key features and using different tools/approaches when stuck.
Computer viruses are small programs that spread from one computer to another and interfere with operations. They can corrupt or delete data, use email to spread, or erase hard disks. Viruses often spread through email attachments from unknown senders that appear to be images, cards, or files. Keeping computers updated and using antivirus tools can help avoid viruses.
This project report was submitted by 4 students from Sitamarhi Institute of Technology for their Bachelor of Technology degree in Computer Science and Engineering. It documents their project work on an unspecified topic for partial fulfillment of their degree requirements. The report includes declarations by the students and their guide, acknowledgments, and outlines the introduction, related work, objectives, requirements, proposed work, system design, code, results, conclusion, and references. It was certified by the guide and head of the department.
Cyber security concepts and terminology are introduced, including the CIA triad of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Various cyber attacks, threats, and exploits are defined, such as denial of service attacks, social engineering, and zero-day exploits. Information gathering techniques like footprinting, scanning, and enumeration are explained. Free and open source tools for scanning networks, including Nmap and Zenmap, are also covered.
Malware is a worldwide pandemic. It is designed to damage computer systems without
the knowledge of the owner using the system. Software‟s from reputable vendors also contain
malicious code that affects the system or leaks information‟s to remote servers. Malware‟s includes
computer viruses, spyware, dishonest ad-ware, rootkits, Trojans, dialers etc. Malware detectors are
the primary tools in defense against malware. The quality of such a detector is determined by the
techniques it uses. It is therefore imperative that we study malware detection techniques and
understand their strengths and limitations. This survey examines different types of Malware and
malware detection methods.
CS266 Software Reverse Engineering (SRE)
Identifying, Monitoring, and Reporting Malware
Teodoro (Ted) Cipresso, teodoro.cipresso@sjsu.edu
Department of Computer Science
San José State University
Spring 2015
The document provides an overview of malware analysis, including its goals, common techniques, types of malware, and general rules. The goals of analysis are to understand what happened during an infection, locate all affected systems and files, and determine a malware's capabilities to facilitate detection and remediation. Techniques include static analysis of files without execution and dynamic analysis by running malware in a controlled environment. Types of malware include backdoors, botnets, downloaders, info-stealers, and more. General rules advise focusing on key features, using multiple tools and approaches, and recognizing that malware aims to evade analysis.
Training on July 16, 2017.
This training is the compressed version of Malware Engineering & Crafting.
In this training, we will talk about malware as well as crafting the simple working malware. The goal of this session is to understanding malware internal so one can have tactics to combat it.
A computer virus is a malicious computer program that can copy itself and spread without permission. It can infect computers by being transferred through email attachments, files on removable drives like USBs, or by exploiting vulnerabilities in network file sharing systems. While some viruses only replicate and spread, others are programmed to damage systems by deleting files or reformatting hard drives. Anti-virus software uses virus signatures and heuristics to detect known and unknown viruses, helping to prevent and remove infections. However, users must still regularly update their software and operating systems to patch new vulnerabilities exploited by viruses.
A computer virus is a type of malicious software or malware that attaches itself to other programs and files to replicate itself. Viruses can damage software, steal personal information, slow down systems, and more. Antivirus software uses techniques like on-access scanning, virus definitions, heuristics, and detection testing to identify and remove viruses and other malware from computers. Regularly updating antivirus software and virus definitions is important for protection.
Type of Malware and its different analysis and its types !Mohammed Jaseem Tp
This document discusses different types of malware and methods for analyzing malware. It defines malware as malicious software designed to damage computers without consent. The document outlines 10 main types of malware: viruses, worms, Trojans, spyware, adware, ransomware, rootkits, keyloggers, botnets, and bugs. It also describes 3 methods of malware analysis: static analysis, which examines code without executing it; dynamic analysis, which observes behavior by running malware; and threat analysis, which identifies malware families and tracks criminal infrastructure over time.
Malwares and ways to detect and prevent themkrunal gandhi
Backdoors are hidden code installed by developers to bypass security tests, allowing hackers unauthorized access. Hackers insert hacking code as "trapdoors" to corrupt programs without security constraints. Viruses self-replicate like diseases through emails or the internet, damaging files and slowing systems. Worms spread autonomously across networks like non-parasitic structures, multiplying and damaging multiple systems. Trojan horses disguise as useful programs but install hidden code with backdoors for hackers to access systems unauthorized and steal information. Detection methods include analyzing hidden processes with System Information Utility and network connections with Netstat.
This document discusses different types of malicious software including viruses, trojan horses, worms, and spyware. It provides details on how each type spreads and the harm they can cause. Viruses spread by infecting other files or programs and can corrupt data or disrupt systems. Trojan horses disguise harmful programs as legitimate ones. Worms replicate across networks and can delete files or disrupt systems. The document outlines strategies for prevention, detection, and removal of malicious software.
Malware comes in many forms and poses increasing threats. The document discusses the basics of how malware works, including propagation techniques to spread, payloads to damage systems, and self-defense mechanisms. It also covers common malware classes like viruses, worms and Trojans. Examples are given of real malware outbreaks like WannaCry and Petya to show how quickly they can spread. Defense strategies include using antivirus software, keeping systems updated, and maintaining backups.
A computer virus is a malicious program that can copy itself and infect computers. It runs without the user's permission and can slow down computers or cause errors. Antivirus software uses virus signatures and heuristics to detect viruses and remove or quarantine infected files to disinfect computers. There are many types of viruses like boot, program, macro, and polymorphic viruses that infect different parts of a system. Antivirus software, system restore, reinstalling the operating system, and firewalls are some methods used for virus recovery and protection.
This document defines malware and describes common types like viruses, trojans, worms, spyware, and adware. It explains that malware is hostile software installed without consent that can harm systems. Viruses replicate by inserting copies into other programs and files, while trojans and worms spread automatically but don't replicate on their own. Spyware and adware track users' online activities and display unwanted ads. The document also outlines how antivirus software uses virus definitions and behavior monitoring to detect and remove malware, and provides examples of popular antivirus programs.
This document discusses malware and how antivirus software works to protect systems. It defines malware as software designed to harm systems without consent. Common types of malware include viruses, trojans, spyware, adware, and rootkits. Viruses can damage data and systems. Antivirus software uses virus definitions and monitors program behavior to identify malware. It provides regular updates to address new threats and scans systems to find and remove malware. Disconnecting systems from networks and running full antivirus scans is recommended if malware is suspected.
Malware refers to malicious software such as viruses, Trojan horses, rootkits, worms, and spyware. Viruses can infect files and boot sectors, while worms self-replicate clogging systems. Anti-virus software uses signature scanning to detect known viruses, heuristic scanning to find unknown viruses, and integrity checking to compare file hashes. However, signature databases require frequent updates as new viruses emerge daily.
Malware is malicious software that can compromise computer functions, steal data, bypass access controls, or otherwise cause harm. It includes viruses, trojans, rootkits, worms, spyware, adware, and spam. Viruses infect files while worms self-replicate and spread. Antivirus software uses signature scanning, heuristic analysis, and integrity checking to detect malware, but must constantly update signatures to address new threats. Effective prevention requires keeping software and security updates current, using caution when clicking links or entering information online, and avoiding unsecured networks.
This chapter provides an overview of malware analysis. It outlines the goals of malware analysis as determining what happened during a network intrusion and ensuring all infected machines and files are located. It describes static and dynamic analysis techniques, from basic to advanced. It also defines common types of malware like backdoors, botnets, downloaders, and more. Finally, it provides general rules for malware analysis, like focusing on key features and using different tools/approaches when stuck.
Computer viruses are small programs that spread from one computer to another and interfere with operations. They can corrupt or delete data, use email to spread, or erase hard disks. Viruses often spread through email attachments from unknown senders that appear to be images, cards, or files. Keeping computers updated and using antivirus tools can help avoid viruses.
This project report was submitted by 4 students from Sitamarhi Institute of Technology for their Bachelor of Technology degree in Computer Science and Engineering. It documents their project work on an unspecified topic for partial fulfillment of their degree requirements. The report includes declarations by the students and their guide, acknowledgments, and outlines the introduction, related work, objectives, requirements, proposed work, system design, code, results, conclusion, and references. It was certified by the guide and head of the department.
Cyber security concepts and terminology are introduced, including the CIA triad of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Various cyber attacks, threats, and exploits are defined, such as denial of service attacks, social engineering, and zero-day exploits. Information gathering techniques like footprinting, scanning, and enumeration are explained. Free and open source tools for scanning networks, including Nmap and Zenmap, are also covered.
The document discusses several topics related to cyber security including biometrics, mobile device hardening, web application security, identity management for web services, authorization patterns, security considerations, and challenges. Specifically, it provides best practices for securing evolving technologies, mobile devices, web servers, web services, implementing identity management, common authorization patterns, important security considerations, and challenges related to implementing security.
The document discusses cybersecurity laws, regulations, and forensics. It provides an overview of cyber laws, which govern internet usage and cybercrimes. Cyber forensics is the process of collecting and analyzing digital evidence for cybercrime investigations. The document also discusses India's National Cyber Security Policy 2013, which aims to create a secure cyber environment in India through public-private partnerships and developing cybersecurity skills. Cybersecurity standards and the roles of governments and the private sector in ensuring cybersecurity are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of cyber security topics including cryptography, cryptanalysis, symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography, hashing, digital signatures, firewalls, user management, and virtual private networks (VPNs). It defines these terms and concepts, compares different techniques like symmetric vs asymmetric cryptography, and packet filtering vs stateful inspection firewalls. The document also discusses the importance of using firewalls and how VPNs can provide privacy and anonymity online.
This document provides an overview of various topics related to cyber security including infrastructure and network security, system security, server security, operating system (OS) security, physical security, network packet sniffing, network design simulation, denial of service (DOS) and distributed denial of service (DDOS) attacks, asset management and audits, intrusion detection and prevention techniques, host-based intrusion prevention systems, security information management, network session analysis, system integrity validation, and some open-source, free and trial tools that can be used for security purposes like DOS/DDOS attacks, packet sniffing, firewalls, and intrusion detection.
The document discusses several topics related to cyber security including vulnerabilities, safeguards, internet security, cloud computing security, and social network security. Some common cyber security vulnerabilities mentioned are weak passwords, outdated software, phishing attacks, malware, and data breaches. Safeguards to address these vulnerabilities include strong passwords, regular software updates, employee training, encryption, access controls and monitoring. The document also outlines security challenges and mitigation strategies for internet usage, cloud computing and social media platforms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help regulate emotions and stress levels.
Photosynthesis converts light energy to chemical energy in chloroplasts using chlorophyll. Chloroplasts contain thylakoids which are stacked to form grana. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to produce glucose and oxygen. The light reactions in thylakoid membranes use photosystems to split water, producing ATP, NADPH, and oxygen. The Calvin cycle in the chloroplast stroma uses ATP and NADPH to reduce carbon dioxide into glucose.
This document discusses different types of gene interactions and single gene disorders. It describes how gene expression can be affected by other genes, either through allelic or non-allelic interaction. Epistasis occurs when a gene's effect depends on the presence or absence of other genes. Single gene disorders can result from mutations in dominant, recessive, or X-linked genes. X-linked disorders particularly affect males since they only have one X chromosome.
Genetics is the scientific study of heredity and inherited variations. Offspring acquire genes from parents through the inheritance of chromosomes. Sexual reproduction combines genes from two parents, leading to genetically diverse offspring. Meiosis produces haploid gametes with one set of chromosomes through two cell divisions in the ovaries and testes. During fertilization, the egg and sperm unite forming a zygote that develops into a multicellular organism through mitosis.
1. The document discusses the key differences between science and engineering. Science aims to understand natural laws through observation, while engineering applies scientific knowledge to solve problems and develop new technologies.
2. It also discusses the importance of studying biology for engineers. Biology can help engineers understand living systems and inspire new designs. It can also help solve problems involving biological processes.
3. The document then answers several questions about basic biology concepts. It defines biology and lists the key characteristics of living organisms. It also explains concepts like Mendel's laws of inheritance, gene interaction, the genetic code, and compares mechanisms of bird flight and aircraft flight.
Enzymes are globular proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions without being consumed. They are typically named after their substrate with the suffix "-ase". Enzyme activity can be monitored by measuring changes in substrate or product concentration. Mass spectrometry provides an alternative detection method without needing a chromophore. The enzyme binds its substrate at the active site, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. This lowers the activation energy and allows the reaction to proceed, with the unaltered enzyme then dissociating to catalyze more reactions. Kinetic analysis reveals the individual reaction steps and how enzyme activity is controlled.
Gregor Mendel conducted experiments breeding pea plants to discover the basic principles of heredity. He found that organisms have discrete factors (now known as genes) that determine traits, which exist in two versions (alleles). During reproduction, parents contribute one of each allele to offspring randomly. Mendel also discovered that traits are inherited independently and that dominant alleles mask recessive alleles when both are present. His work formed the basis of classical genetics and established the laws of segregation and independent assortment.
Microbiology is the study of single-celled organisms called microorganisms. Microorganisms are classified into three domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. They are identified using staining techniques, molecular and phylogenetic analysis, growth in special media, microscopy, and other methods. Microscopes, including light microscopes and electron microscopes, are important tools used to visualize microorganisms. Light microscopes use visible light while electron microscopes use electron beams. Microorganisms demonstrate flexibility in surviving extreme environments and use various energy and carbon sources. Studying them provides insights into relationships between life and the environment.
The document discusses biology concepts including the differences between science and engineering, the need for engineers to study biology, the definition and characteristics of living organisms, the working principles of the human eye and digital cameras, Mendel's laws of inheritance, genetic code, gene interaction, and epistasis. It provides detailed explanations of these concepts through examples and definitions in response to multiple questions. The key points are that science aims to understand nature while engineering applies scientific knowledge, biology is relevant for engineering fields involving living systems, and genetics concepts such as Mendel's laws, genetic code, and gene interaction help explain inheritance and variation in traits.
This document discusses the classification of life and the hierarchy of life forms. It notes that biologists categorize organisms into groups and subgroups to make their study easier. Classification is based on characteristics like morphology, anatomy, biochemistry, and ecology. All living things share common themes of organization, information processing, energy and matter transformation, and interactions at different hierarchical levels. Cells are the basic unit of life, and while they can differ, they all descend from earlier cells and share common features. Organisms are classified as unicellular or multicellular depending on whether they are composed of single or multiple cells.
Amino acids are organic molecules that contain an amine group, a carboxyl group, a central carbon atom called the alpha carbon, and a variable side chain. There are 20 common amino acids that differ in their side chains and physical/chemical properties. Amino acids can polymerize through peptide bonds between their carboxyl and amine groups to form polypeptides. Polypeptides are linear chains of amino acids that can further fold into three-dimensional protein structures and carry out biological functions.
Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms. It explores the structure, function, development, behavior, and evolution of living things through various subdisciplines. The fundamental units of biology are the cell, genes, and evolution. Biology seeks to understand the mechanisms that allow living things to maintain their internal organization and adapt to environmental changes.
Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller than eukaryotic cells, lack membrane-bound organelles, and divide through binary fission. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed in a membrane, membrane-bound organelles, cytoskeleton, and divide through mitosis. Autotrophs like plants and algae produce their own food through photosynthesis, heterotrophs depend on other organisms for food, and lithotrophs use inorganic substrates for food through chemosynthesis.
We have designed & manufacture the Lubi Valves LBF series type of Butterfly Valves for General Utility Water applications as well as for HVAC applications.
Better Builder Magazine brings together premium product manufactures and leading builders to create better differentiated homes and buildings that use less energy, save water and reduce our impact on the environment. The magazine is published four times a year.
3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2024)GiselleginaGloria
3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2024) will act as a major forum for the presentation of innovative ideas, approaches, developments, and research projects in the area advanced Artificial Intelligence. It will also serve to facilitate the exchange of information between researchers and industry professionals to discuss the latest issues and advancement in the research area. Core areas of AI and advanced multi-disciplinary and its applications will be covered during the conferences.
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...DharmaBanothu
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
A high-Speed Communication System is based on the Design of a Bi-NoC Router, ...DharmaBanothu
The Network on Chip (NoC) has emerged as an effective
solution for intercommunication infrastructure within System on
Chip (SoC) designs, overcoming the limitations of traditional
methods that face significant bottlenecks. However, the complexity
of NoC design presents numerous challenges related to
performance metrics such as scalability, latency, power
consumption, and signal integrity. This project addresses the
issues within the router's memory unit and proposes an enhanced
memory structure. To achieve efficient data transfer, FIFO buffers
are implemented in distributed RAM and virtual channels for
FPGA-based NoC. The project introduces advanced FIFO-based
memory units within the NoC router, assessing their performance
in a Bi-directional NoC (Bi-NoC) configuration. The primary
objective is to reduce the router's workload while enhancing the
FIFO internal structure. To further improve data transfer speed,
a Bi-NoC with a self-configurable intercommunication channel is
suggested. Simulation and synthesis results demonstrate
guaranteed throughput, predictable latency, and equitable
network access, showing significant improvement over previous
designs
A high-Speed Communication System is based on the Design of a Bi-NoC Router, ...
Module 5.pdf
1. Cyber Security [105713] – Notes
Module 5
Malware: Explanation of Malware, Types of Malwares: Virus, Worms, Trojans, Rootkits, Robots,
Adware’s, Spywares, Ransom wares, Zombies etc., OS Hardening (Process Management, Memory
Management, Task Management, Windows Registry/ services
another configuration), Malware Analysis.
Open Source/ Free/ Trial Tools: Antivirus Protection, Anti Spywares, System tuning tools, Anti Phishing.
Malware is intrusive software that is designed to damage and destroy computers and
computer systems. Malware is a contraction for “malicious software.” Examples of
common malware includes viruses, worms, Trojan viruses, spyware, adware, and
ransomware.
Malware is a program designed to gain access to computer systems, normally for the
benefit of some third party, without the user’s permission. Malware includes computer
viruses, worms, Trojan horses, ransomware, spyware and other malicious programs.
Malware is a software that gets into the system without user consent with an intention to
steal private and confidential data of the user that includes bank details and password.
They also generates annoying pop up ads and makes changes in system settings.
They get into the system through various means:
Along with free downloads.
Clicking on suspicious link.
Opening mails from malicious source.
Visiting malicious websites.
Not installing an updated version of antivirus in the system.
Types of Malware:
Viruses
A Virus is a malicious executable code attached to another executable file. Thevirus spreads
when an infected file is passed from system to system. Viruses can be harmless or they
can modify or delete data. Opening a file can trigger a virus. Once a program virus is active,
it will infect other programs on the computer.
Worms
Worms replicate themselves on the system, attaching themselves to different files and
looking for pathways between computers, such as computernetwork thatshares common
file storage areas. Worms usually slow down networks. A virus needs a host program to
run but worms can run by themselves. After a worm affects a host, it is able to spread
very quickly over the network.
Explanation of Malware
2. Spyware
Its purpose is to steal private information from a computer system for a third party.
Spyware collects information and sends it to the hacker.
Trojan horse
A Trojan horse is malware that carries out malicious operations under the appearance of
a desired operation such as playing an online game. A Trojan horse varies from a virus
because the Trojan binds itself to non- executable files, such as image files, audio files.
Logic Bombs
A logic bomb is a malicious program that uses a trigger to activate the malicious code. The
logic bomb remains non-functioning until that trigger event happens. Once triggered, a
logic bomb implements a malicious code that causes harm to a computer. Cybersecurity
specialists recently discovered logic bombs that attack and destroy the hardware
components in a workstation or server including the cooling fans, hard drives, and power
supplies. The logic bomb overdrives these devices until they overheat or fail.
Ransomware
Ransomware grasps a computer system or the data it contains until the victim makes a
payment. Ransomware encrypts data in the computer with a key which is unknown to the
user. The user has to pay a ransom (price) to the criminals to retrieve data. Once the amount
is paid the victim can resume using his/her system.
Backdoors
A backdoor bypasses the usual authentication used to access a system. The purpose of
the backdoor is to grant the cyber criminals future access to the system even if the
organization fixes the original vulnerability used to attack the system.
Rootkits
A rootkit modifies the OS to make a backdoor. Attackers then use the backdoor to access
the computer distantly. Most rootkits take advantage of software vulnerabilities to modify
system files.
Keyloggers
Keylogger records everything the user types on his/her computer system to obtain
passwords and other sensitive information and send them to the source of the keylogging
program.
Adware
Adware is malicious software used to collect data on your computer usage and provide
appropriate advertisements to you. While adware is not always dangerous, in some cases
adware can cause issues for your system. Adware can redirect your browser to unsafe
sites, and it can even contain Trojan horses and spyware. Additionally, significant levels
of adware can slow down your system noticeably. Because not all adware is malicious,
it is important to have protection that constantly and intelligently scans these programs.
3. Malware Analysis is the study or process of determining the functionality, origin and
potential impact of a given malware sample and extracting as much information from it.
The information that is extracted helps to understand the functionality and scope of
malware, how the system was infected and how to defend against similar attacks in future.
Objectives:
To understand the type of malware and its functionality.
Determine how the system was infected by malware and define if it was a targeted attack
or a phishing attack.
How malware communicates with attacker.
Future detection of malware and generating signatures.
Types of Malware Analysis:
Static analysis –
It is a process of analyzing the malware without executing or running it. This analysis is used
to extract as much metadata from malware as possible like P.E headers strings etc.
Dynamic analysis –
It is process of executing malware and analyzing its functionality and behavior. This
analysis helps to know what malware does during its execution using debugger.
Code analysis –
It is a process of analyzing/reverse engineering assembly code. It is combination of both
static and dynamic analysis.
Behavioral analysis –
It is the process of analyzing and monitoring the malware after execution. It involves
monitoring the processes, registry entries and network monitoring to determine the
workings of the malware.
AntivirusSoftware
Antivirus software is a program(s) that is created to search, detect, prevent and remove
software viruses from your system that can harm your system. Other harmful software
such as worms, adware, and other threats can also be detected and removed via
MalwareAnalysis
Open Source/ Free/ Trial Tools: Antivirus Protection, Anti Spywares, System
tuning tools, Anti Phishing.
4. antivirus. This software is designed to be used as a proactive approach to cyber security,
preventing threats from entering your computer and causing issues. Most antivirus
software operates in the background once installed, providing real-time protection
against virus attacks.
How Antivirus Works:
Antivirus software works by comparing your computer applications and files to a
database of known malware kinds. Because hackers are continually creating and
disseminating new viruses, it will also check systems for the presence of new or
undiscovered malware threats. The antivirus checksfiles, programs, and applications going
in and out of your computer to its database to identify matches. Similar and identical
matches to the database are segregated, scanned, and eliminated.
Most programs will employ three types of detection devices:
Specific detection, which looks for known parts or types of malware or patterns that
are linked by a common codebase
Generic detection is a type of detection that looks for known parts or types of malware or
patterns that are related to a common codebase.
Heuristic detection is a type of virus detection that looks for unknown infections by
spotting suspicious file structures.
Examples of Antivirus:
The antivirus software is available in 2 types:
Free: Free anti-virus software provides basic virus protection
Paid: commercial anti-virus software provides more
extensive protection. The following are some
commonly used antivirus software:
Bitdefender: Bitdefender Total Security is a comprehensive security suite that protects
against viruses and dangerous malware of all varieties. This user-friendly antivirus
software is compatible with all four major operating systems and smart homes, and it
also includes a free VPN with a daily limit of 200MB, parental controls, camera protection,
a password manager, etc. This security suite is reasonably priced and will protect up to five
devices 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
AVAST: This is a free antivirus available. All you have to do to obtain top-notch protection
on your computer, emails, downloads, and instant messages in the free version is register
(for free) once a year. It includes a sophisticated heuristics engine that enables it to detect
viruses.
5. Panda: It can detect viruses, trojans, spyware, adware, worms, and malware at the same
level as other antiviruses do. It is different from others because using this software,
when you scan your computer, it doesn’t consume any of your computer’s resources;
instead, it runs in the cloud, allowing your machine to continue to function normally.
Anti Phishing
Let us discuss the utility of some of these anti-phishing tools.
Bitdefender Antivirus Free Edition
Avast Antivirus
Avira Free Security Suite
Bitdefender Antivirus Free Edition
Bitdefender Antivirus Free Edition is one of the best anti-phishing software free editions
that do their job silently. It is so silent that it does not even ask you any questions when
you install it on your enterprise network. It believes in letting its work do the talking.
Features Of Bitdefender
It keeps a strict watch on misbehaving apps to prevent them from creating any mischief.
It scans all the links on a website to identify the malicious ones and ensures that these
links do not infiltrate into your systems.
Being among the best anti-phishing tools, it can detect threats never encountered before,
thanks to its proactive malware scanning feature.
The best aspect of Bitdefender is that it ensures boot scanning every
time you start the PC. Pros
A free edition is available.
It is user-friendly.
This anti-phishing solution has a simple user interface.
Installing the software is easy
and convenient. Cons
Some of the bonus tools are elementary.
Better clean-up of ransomware is preferred.
Avast Antivirus
Of all the anti-phishing software solutions, Avast Antivirus is the most comprehensive and
the best anti-phishing tool free download option.
Features Of Avast
Anyone who has used computers should be aware of Avast Antivirus. It has a reputation
for providing free anti- virus software. The anti-virus software comes bundled with an
anti-malware feature to spot rogue programs depending on their behavioral patterns.
Avast Antivirus has an advantage over other similar products because it is also available for
6. mobile devices. After all, one of the most accessible avenues for phishing attacks is the
mobile route.
Apart from providing routine anti-virus protection, Avast can fine-tune your PC and make it
run better. It can also ensure file shredding to eliminate viruses and malware from your
enterprise networks.
Pros
Avast has a fantastic record of malware detection.
It has excellent anti-malware and anti-phishing software.
Regular upgrades are released.
A free version is
available. Cons
Avast has limited password manager features.
The earlier editions of Avast were not very efficient in anti-phishing technique.
Sharing data with others is still risky.
Avira Free Security Suite
Avira is also a popular name when you are on the lookout for anti-phishing tools. It is
one of the best anti-phishing software free editions available online.
Features Of Avira
Apart from providing antivirus and anti-phishing protection, Avira is also a software
updater.
This software scans your network and helps fix the vulnerabilities.
Avira also includes a free VPN for up to 500MB per month. It also comes with privacy
settings and a password manager.
The best feature of Avira is that you can choose the options that you want to install.
Upgrades are available from time to time.
The free version of Avira is short of a few options, but the paid/premium packages have
facilities that can optimize the systems and speed up the PCs connected to it.
Pros
Avira is a free software solution, though premium options are available.
Software updater and PC optimizer features are available in
the premium option. Cons
Since it is a free software solution, one can encounter pop-up ads. It not only affects
computer speeds but is also an annoying feature.
It is a type of system hardening. It involves patching and applying advanced system
security procedures to secure the server's OS. Automatically installing updates, patches,
and service packs are some of the most effective methods to harden the OS.
Operating system hardening
7. An OS hardening is similar to application hardening in that the OS is a type of software.
Operating system hardening provides basic software that grants those applications
access to specific activities on your server.
Operating system developers frequently perform a good job of issuing OS updates and
encouraging users to install them on Microsoft, Linux, and iOS. These frequent updates
can help to keep your system secure and resilient to cyber-attacks.
Hardening an operating system usually includes:
Following security practices and making sure your configuration is secure.
Additional security measures are implemented, including endpoint protection systems,
firewalls, and OS security extensions like AppArmor for Linux.
Patches and service packs are automatically applied to the operating system.
It removes the unnecessary drivers.
It limits and authenticates system access permissions.
It encrypts the SSD or HDD that stores and hosts the OS.
MemoryManagement
What do you mean by memory management?
Memory is the important part of the computer that is used to store the data. Its
management is critical to the computer system because the amount of main memory
available in a computer system is very limited. At any time, many processes are competing
for it. Moreover, to increase performance, several processes are executed simultaneously.
For this, we must keep several processes in the main memory, so it is even more important
to manage them effectively.
Memory management Techniques:
8. The Memory management Techniques can be classified into following main
categories:
Contiguous memory management schemes
Non-Contiguous memory management schemes
Task Management
Task management is the process of monitoring your project's tasks through their various
stages from start to finish. This involves actively making decisions for your tasks to
accommodate changes that can occur real-time, with your end goal being the successful
completion of your tasks.
Task management is the process of managing an individual task from conception to
closing. A task needn't necessarily have any goal or even specific deadlines. A group of
tasks together contribute towards the execution of a project. Therefore, task management
is inherently a function of project management.