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Biofuel
- 2. Presented by: Shilpa Sharma Vashisht Msc. (Microbiology) Career Point University hamirpur (Himachal Pradesh) BIOFUELS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
- 3. INTRODUCTION • With the advert industrial revolution , the use of energy in the form of fossil fuels began , this occur in the stages , from the exploration of coal deposits to exploitation of oil and natural gases. • But, how long can we depends on this declining fossil fuels to run our car engine , to light our kitchen stoves??... Not now that’s for sure!!
- 4. Biofuels ➢ Biofuels are liquid fuels that is produced through contemporary biological processes ➢ Biofuels can be derived directly from plants, or indirectly from agricultural, commercial, domestic, and/or industrial wastes. ➢ Biomass conversion can result in fuel in solid, liquid, or gas form. ➢ New biomass can also be used directly for biofuels ➢ Biofuels are considered as an alternative source of energy
- 5. Generations ➢ First Generation biofuels. First-generation" or conventional biofuels are biofuels made from food crops grown on arable land. ➢ Second Generation biofuels. Second generation biofuels are fuels manufactured from various types of biomass. ➢ Third Generation biofuels. It refers to biofuel derived from algae. ➢ Fourth Generation biofuels. Fourth-generation biofuels are made using non-arable land.
- 6. Main types of Biofuels • Bioethanol • Biodiesel • Biogas • Algal based biofuels
- 7. Bioethanol ➢ produced by the action of microorganisms and enzymes through the fermentation of sugars or starches ➢ Ethanol fuel is the most common biofuel worldwide, particularly in Brazil. ➢ Ethanol can be used in petrol engines as a replacement for gasoline ➢ Ethanol is also used to fuel bioethanol fireplaces.
- 8. Biodiesel ➢ Biodiesel is the most common biofuel in Europe. ➢ It is produced from oils or fats using transesterification and is a liquid similar in composition to fossil/mineral diesel. ➢ Biodiesel can be used in any diesel engine when mixed with mineral diesel. ➢ Biodiesel is also safe to handle and transport because it is non-toxic and biodegradable, and has a high flash point of about 300 °F (148 °C) compared to petroleum diesel fuel, which has a flash point of 125 °F (52 °C).
- 9. Biogas ➢ Biogas is methane produced by the process of anaerobic digestion of organic material by anaerobes. ➢ It can be produced either from biodegradable waste materials or by the use of energy crops fed into anaerobic digesters to supplement gas yields. ➢ The solid byproduct, digestate, can be used as a biofuel or a fertilizer. ➢ Farmers can produce biogas from manure from their cattle by using anaerobic digesters.
- 12. Algal based Biofuels • Algae have a high lipid content used as biofuels • Different seawater and freshwater species are used to make fuel
- 17. Algal species used as Biofuel • Botrycoccus braunii • Chlorella • Dunaliella tertiolecta • Gracilaria • Pleurochrysis carterae
- 18. Role of Microbes in Biofuels • Oil and carbohydrates generated by microbes are refined to produced biofuel • This is green , renewable energy that help in conserving fossil fuel usage • But now microbes are modified to produce specific protein which can be refined to biofuel • Protein utilization system is one of the most highly regulated system in the cell
- 20. Converting Carbon-dioxide into liquid fuel by Bacteria • Cyanobacterium (Synechoccus elongates) modified bacterium to consume carbon- dioxide and generate the liquid fuel isobutanol • Isobutanol can prove to be a great potential as a gasoline alternative • Whole process is happens with the help of sunlight through photosynthesis • if we want to achieve cleaner and greener energy economy this fuel might prove helpful
- 22. Advantages • It recycles carbon-dioxide, which leads to reducing greenhouse gas emission • it uses solar energy to covert the carbon-dioxide into liquid fuel • This fuel is an improvement over other alternative to gasoline
- 23. Main uses of Biofuels • Transport • Energy generation • Charging electronics • Cooking • Reduce cost and need of imported oils
- 24. Advantages of Biofuels • Easy to source • reduce greenhouse gases • Renewable • Reduce dependence on foreign oil • Lower level of pollution
- 25. Conclusion • Most important role in future fuel supplies • Advances are made in some areas • Conservation of non renewable resources • lead to a sustainable future • Biofuels are the future of energy in this nation and around the world