Nabil El Hilali

Cette recherche se veut initiatrice d'un nouvel axe de recherche englobant le Maroc et le Quebec a travers le theâtre. Le point de depart reside dans le fait que le Quebec comme le Maroc s'est trouve a un moment donne de son histoire en proie a des interrogations portant sur la question identitaire. La tradition theâtrale cristallisera cette question mais apres long et difficile cheminement. Elle evoluera a partir d'une naissance conflictuelle, s'affirmera par le biais d'une "anthropophagie culturelle" et s'etablira a la suite d'une prise de conscience quant a sa specificite. Les lineaments d'une difference avec le theâtre issu du Moyen-Orient et de l'Occident pour le Maroc et celui originaire de France et du Canada anglophone pour le Quebec furent ainsi delimites. Michel Tremblay et Tayeb Saddiki, auteurs demiurges definissent a eux deux les strates de la tradition theâtrale au sein de leurs deux aires geographiques respectives. Ils delimitent la ligne de crete de leur epoque en tracant l'horizon d'attente qui lui etait specifique par deux creations majeures : Les Belles soeurs et Diwan Sidi Abderrahman Al-Majdoub datant de la fin des annees 60 et debut 70. L'ecriture en parler local : la "Darrija" et le "Joual" sera le premier pas etabli vers la recherche d'un theâtre authentique. La recherche dans le patrimoine historique local pour Tayeb Saddiki et le questionnement du milieu ouvrier quebecois pour Michel Tremblay en sera l'element second. L'analyse comparee du corpus prenant appui sur la semiotique peircienne dans sa dimension tripartite et le systeme Rene Girard, aboutira a l'etablissement de l'invariant dans la thematique du sacre. La recherche s'attachera a demontrer dans le corpus l'articulation autour du sacre et sa correlatin avec d'un cote la modernisation de la tradition au Maroc et de l'autre l'anticlericalisme au Quebec.

High-efficiency solar cell designs such as the passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) raise the quality requirements for silicon substrates, favoring monocrystalline materials. Seed-cast quasi-monocrystalline silicon (qm-Si) is a promising alternative for Czochralski (Cz) Si with potential benefits of lower cost and reduced energy footprint. However, the purity and crystalline quality of qm-Si is not on par with Cz-Si, which can cause efficiency losses for example in the form of light-induced degradation (LID). In this contribution, we study the LID phenomena that can be present in qm-Si PERC solar cells, and compare them to the Cz-Si PERC. Degradation and regeneration are analyzed especially from the viewpoint of Cu impurity, which has until very recently been omitted as a source of LID for this device type. Subsequently, differences in LID behavior between qm-Si and Cz-Si are investigated considering the density of dislocations in the bulk. The results imply that slurry-based wafer slicing may introduce contamination that is capable of causing considerable LID in PERC devices fabricated of Si with inherently high defect density.

If design management is worldwide institutionalized especially in developed economies, little is known about African design even though the continent is becoming an attractive economy thanks to his exponential growth and more political stability. Oriented toward one specific country: Morocco, this study through a questioning embedded in institutional theory brings an overview about design in a specific context. This research captures design management emergence in Morocco by spotting the light on the state of design institutionalization toward the creation of design value.

This article argues that value creation is not only linked to the product and process innovation of members of a business ecosystem, federated around innovative projects, but also to the ecosystem innovation generated. Based on the theoretical foundations of business models and more specifically on the dynamic capabilities, an analysis was driven on what acts as facilitators and constraints about innovation in this business ecosytem. Through qualitative approach conducted on the Moroccan ecosystem which have developed organizational processes to adapt to global competition in the textile industry. Our findings highlight the strategic role played by the ecosystem as an innovation catalyst and demonstrate that a collectively generated innovation can be valued individually in entrepreneurial business models. In addition, our results frames a typology of constraints regarding innovation. JEL Codes: L14, O32

Une exploration du design situee au cœur des principaux modeles productifs montre a travers le recit de F.W. Taylor, de H. Ford et de T. Ohno que le design occupe un role strategique majeur dans le developpement, l'essor de ces modeles et l'impact transformationnel qu'ils ont eu sur l'economie. Et que loin d'etre circonscrit au produit, le design s'inscrit dans une demarche totale qui va de l'atelier de production a l'outil de travail en passant par le service. A partir de la, il faut considerer differemment le design au sein des entreprises a l'aune du risque intrinseque que represente son caractere omnipresent au sein des organisations.

Le marketing dans le cadre des politiques de produit, de distribution et de developpement du nouveau produit est amene indeniablement a interagir avec le design. Neanmoins, l`interaction entre design et marketing a rarement ete clarifiee et investiguee alors meme que la difficulte de cette interaction etait pointee. Cette these, menee qualitativement a travers l'etude du recit narratif produit par des U et des designers integres, vise a comprendre en profondeur le cadre de cette interaction. Il en resulte que celle-ci est structuree par une tension enracinee qui oscille au gre des interactions entre atonie et tonicite. Nous concluons au fait que l'idee de l'elimination de cette tension en une idee d'harmonisation est illusoire. En consequence. Nous conceptualisons un modele definitionnel d'interaction : la tension cohabitationnelle. En celui-ci, la tension est integree comme principe structurant de l'interaction en une philosophie basee sur la cohabitation.

This article argues that value creation is not only linked to the product and process innovation of members of a business ecosystem, federated around innovative projects, but also to the ecosystem innovation generated. Based on the theoretical foundations of business models and more specifically on the dynamic capabilities, an analysis was driven on what acts as facilitators and constraints about innovation in this business ecosytem. Through qualitative approach conducted on the Moroccan ecosystem which have developed organizational processes to adapt to global competition in the textile industry. Our findings highlight the strategic role played by the ecosystem as an innovation catalyst and demonstrate that a collectively generated innovation can be valued individually in entrepreneurial business models. In addition, our results frames a typology of constraints regarding innovation. JEL Codes: L14, O32

Ancree dans les sciences du management et la theorie des organisations, cette recherche etablit un lien entre la recherche en design et les sciences du management. Elle vise a definir, en une perspective inscrite dans la complexite, les fondamentaux de la construction du territoire du design en theorie des organisations. Il s’avere de ce fait que le design est loin de ne constituer qu’un « outil neglige » sous forme d’appendice au service du marketing. Plus que cela, le design structure le champ de la theorie des organisations en etant present au cœur des trois principaux modeles organisationnels, a l’origine du puissant impact transformationnel de l’economie et que sont le taylorisme, le fordisme et le toyotisme. Une exploration du design situee au cœur des principaux modeles productifs montre a travers le recit de F.W. Taylor, de H. Ford et de T. Ohno que le design occupe un role strategique majeur dans le developpement, l’essor de ces modeles et l’impact transformationnel qu’ils ...

Un écosystème d’affaires (ESA) permet de fédérer des organisations privées et publiques autour de projets innovants afin de leur conférer un avantage compétitif collectif. Cet article défend l’idée que la création de valeur est non seulement liée à l’innovation produit et process de chacun des acteurs, fédérés autour de projets innovants, mais également à l’innovation écosysté- mique générée. En nous appuyant sur les fondements théoriques des modèles d’affaires et plus particulièrement sur leurs capacités dynamiques, nous nous sommes interrogés sur les facilitateurs et les freins à l’innovation. Une démarche qualitative de focus group a été déployée auprès d’un écosystème textile marocain qui a développé des processus organisationnels d’adapta- tion face à une concurrence mondiale exacerbée. Nos résultats mettent en évidence le rôle clef d’éléments catalyseurs et relais d’innovation écosysté- mique et démontrent que les fruits de l’innovation collectivement générée peuvent être valorisés individuellement dans les modèles d’affaires entrepreneuriaux. Une typologie des freins à l’innovation a également été élaborée.

English This research investigates the purchasing function issues that create value for companies and purchasers’ proactive ability to appropriate innovation in the supplier market. The buyer represents a link between the needs of companies and the offers made by suppliers, based on their technical expertise. The goal of this research is to consider the purchasing strategy focused on innovative suppliers and highlight the importance of this interaction. For this purpose, an exploratory qualitative research was required. It was based on twelve semi-structured interviews and six months of active observation, built on two car rental companies. Results show the importance of an innovative culture within purchasing departments and its implementation at the fuzzy front-end purchasing process. As open innovation remains an important paradigm for innovation today, it is crucial to consider the buyer-supplier innovation challenge when the performance of innovative suppliers makes an impact on the companies.

This paper considers Covid19 virus an actant on the basis of actor-network theory. As an actant, it creates a controversy translated by other actants toward social and economic spheres. This network is shaping a new reality driven by innovation dealing with current opportunities raised by government policies against covid19. Innovations are already framing themselves in the new reality by addressing and solving current issues. Nevertheless, a vision targeting opportunities for the Post-covid19 era is initiated. Digital technology by taking over all the controversies draw the path toward an innovation stream still to come.

English
This research investigates the purchasing function issues that create value for companies and purchasers’ proactive ability to appropriate innovation in the supplier market. The buyer represents a link between the needs of companies and the offers made by suppliers, based on their technical expertise. The goal of this research is to consider the purchasing strategy focused on innovative suppliers and highlight the importance of this interaction. For this purpose, an exploratory qualitative research was required. It was based on twelve semi-structured interviews and six months of active observation, built on two car rental companies. Results show the importance of an innovative culture within purchasing departments and its implementation at the fuzzy front-end purchasing process. As open innovation remains an important paradigm for innovation today, it is crucial to consider the buyer-supplier innovation challenge when the performance of innovative suppliers makes an impact on the companies.

Within the framework of the management of the innovation which becomes one paradigm main part for savings so developed as emergent, design thinking as method became institutionalized with strength so educationally as managerially as an efficient methodology useful for the generation of innovative outputs. The taylorian thought crossed with the key methodology of the design thinking demonstrates that the foundations of this methodology are present at Winslow Taylor of a way pioneer and contributed in a major way to the hatching of the Taylorism what offers a historic legitimacy to the method and demystifies in a formal way the origins of the method by anchoring it at Frederick’s Winslow Taylor’s as design precursory thinker.
Key-words: Design thinking, Taylor, taylorism, design management, innovation

If we agree that design research issues impacts the economic world through innovative outputs. If we agree that institutionalized main economic models such Taylorism, Fordism and Toyotism transformed the world economy by specific design research investigations, it's relevant to observe that economic performance validates irremediably to stakeholders some design investigation issues. This research argues that Apple through institutionalisation theory constitutes the fourth economic model since toyotism and it's a bias to consider this company as a common " case study " since Apple is performing his best financial performances nevertheless a significant economic crisis. Under this purpose, it's possible to characterize Apple and Steve Jobs by " Applism " and " Jobsism " neologism to specify what erects a new economic model succeeding the so called institutionalized Taylorism, Fordism and Toyotism. Related then to design research issues, design acts as the spinal dorsal that constitutes a new paradigm for one company success and significant contemporary economic model for design research.