Murat Pasa Uysal
Baskent University, Management Information Sistems, Faculty Member
- T.C. Ufuk University, Management Information Systems, Faculty Memberadd
- COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING, Software Engineering, Computer Programming, Computer Education and Instructional Technologies, Information Technology, Object Oriented Design and Programming, and 4 moreComputer and Instructional Technology, Instructional Technology, Educational Technology, and Educationedit
- Prof. Dr. Murat Pasa Uysal is a faculty member at the Department of Management Information Systems, Baskent Universit... moreProf. Dr. Murat Pasa Uysal is a faculty member at the Department of Management Information Systems, Baskent University, Turkey. He holds a B.S degree in electrical & electronic engineering, a M.S degree in computer engineering, and a Ph.D. degree in educational technology. He completed his post-doctoral studies at Rochester Institute of Technology in New York, USA. His research interest is in the areas of information systems, software engineering, machine learning and project management.edit
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Bu calisma, bilgi nesnesi tabanli ve ogrenme stillerine uyarlanabilen alistirma yaziliminin ogrencilerin akademik basarisina olan etkisini ortaya koymak amaciyla yapilmistir. Calismaya Bilgisayar Programlama Dersini alan 130 ogrenci... more
Bu calisma, bilgi nesnesi tabanli ve ogrenme stillerine uyarlanabilen alistirma yaziliminin ogrencilerin akademik basarisina olan etkisini ortaya koymak amaciyla yapilmistir. Calismaya Bilgisayar Programlama Dersini alan 130 ogrenci katilmistir. 63 ogrenci bilgi nesnesi tabanli ve ogrenme stillerine uyarlanabilen alistirma yaziliminin kullanildigi calisma grubunda, 67 ogrenci geleneksel alistirma yaziliminin kullanildigi farkli bir grupta yer almak uzere rasgele secilmistir. Konu icerikleri bilgi nesneleri biciminde yapilandirilmis, bu bilgi nesnelerinin yer alacagi ogretim etkinlik olusturulmustur. Uyarlanabilen alistirma maddeleri, Kolb’un Ogrenme Stilleri Envanteri’nde belirtilen ogrenme yeteneklerine uygun olarak tasarlanmis, daha sonra bilgi nesneleri arasindaki yapisal iliskilere bagli olarak alistirma etkinliklerinde sunulmustur. Geleneksel alistirma yaziliminin tasariminda, alistirma maddelerinin madde ve calisma havuzu seklinde gruplandigi algoritma yapisi benimsenmistir. H...
Research Interests: Philosophy and Humanities
Increase in the demand for technology-based, sustainable, quality and patient-oriented services in healthcare enterprises has reached to the significant levels. Unlike commercial enterprises, problems that may be experienced in real time... more
Increase in the demand for technology-based, sustainable, quality and patient-oriented services in healthcare enterprises has reached to the significant levels. Unlike commercial enterprises, problems that may be experienced in real time or at various times can produce negative and vital results. These organizations, which have complex structure, functions, processes and technology, have components of different quality and quantity, and they are managed independently from each other. This situation adversely affects the delivery of technology-based, sustainable, quality and patient-oriented health services. In this context, one of the approaches that can bring solution, in terms of user, process, application and technological infrastructure components in health enterprises, may be Enterprise Architecture (EA). Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine the processes, data, software, systems and technological infrastructure components in health care organizations by examinin...
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This research study was carried out to investigate how the instructional software (IS) designed in accordance with Instructional Transaction Theory (ITT) effects the academic achievements of students. Computer-Aided Instructional (CAI)... more
This research study was carried out to investigate how the instructional software (IS) designed in accordance with Instructional Transaction Theory (ITT) effects the academic achievements of students. Computer-Aided Instructional (CAI) system constituted the independent variable, while the academic achievement did the dependent variable. The samples of the study were the 130 students who took the Computer Programming course. Randomly selected 69 students in one study group used the IS based on ITT and 61 ...
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Research Interests: Algebra, Computer Science, Software Engineering, Theoretical Physics, Architecture, and 14 moreFormal methods, Design Science research, Empirical Software Engineering, Software Quality Engineering, Agile Methods (Software Engineering), Social Science Research Network, Framework, Service Oriented Software Engineering, Computer Software Engineering, Essence, Software Engineering Principles and Practice, Software Development Process, Concept of Linear Algebra, and Essence Framework
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Özet. Yazılım Yeniden Yapılama (software re-engineering) (YYY), yoğun kaynak ve zaman kullanımını gerektiren, gidiş-dönüşlü ve yinelemeli yazılım mühendisliği etkinliklerini içermektedir. Dolayısıyla, söz konusu süreçler otomatik hale... more
Özet. Yazılım Yeniden Yapılama (software re-engineering) (YYY), yoğun kaynak ve zaman kullanımını gerektiren, gidiş-dönüşlü ve yinelemeli yazılım mühendisliği etkinliklerini içermektedir. Dolayısıyla, söz konusu süreçler otomatik hale getirilebilmeli, ortaya çıkan ürün, araç ve yöntemler yeniden yapılanmış yazılımla ilgili sonraki süreçlerde tekrar kullanılabilmelidir. Bu bağlamda, Model Güdümlü Mimari (MGM) ve Model Güdümlü Yazılım Geliştirme (MGYG), yazılımların otomatik geliştirilebilmesi ile kalite ve öngörülebilirliğini hedefleyen yaklaşımlardır. Ancak model, modelleme ve kalite kavramlarını YYY çalışma alanında bütünleşik olarak birlikte ele alan araştırmalar sınırlı düzeydedir. Bu amaçla çalışmamız, Tasarım Bilimi Araştırma Yöntemi (Design Science Research) (TBAY) doğrultusunda yürütülmüş, sistematik haritalama ile desteklenmiştir. Araştırmamızda “Model Güdümlü ve Kaliteye Yönelimli bir YYY Süreç Modeli” geliştirilmiştir. MGM, YYY ve ISO/IEC 2500n “Software Quality Requiremen...
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Besides technical skills, non-technical skills also play an important role in software engineering. As a result, software engineering graduates have some non-technical skills while beginning to work, which is an important factor affecting... more
Besides technical skills, non-technical skills also play an important role in software engineering. As a result, software engineering graduates have some non-technical skills while beginning to work, which is an important factor affecting their success. In this paper, first results of a systematic mapping study on the role of non-technical skills in software engineering curriculum are presented. We responded to 5 identified research questions by analyzing 18 relevant
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Today, processing integrated information within and between enterprises is increasingly becoming more and more critical, and so is the implementation and evaluation of an Enterprise Architecture (EA). The review of literature on EA... more
Today, processing integrated information within and between enterprises is increasingly becoming more and more critical, and so is the implementation and evaluation of an Enterprise Architecture (EA). The review of literature on EA evaluation shows several issues. However, the evaluation of EAs has not attracted sufficient attention, and thus, this research area has not been explored thoroughly yet. We believe that in order to ensure consistency, interoperability and computational inferences among EAs, a complete and holistic approach, rather than monolithic, should be developed. Therefore, in this study, we propose an ontology-supported process model for the evaluation of EAs, and present the implementation details. The main contributions of the present study are the improvements realized in the expressiveness, extensibility, and computable power of EAs, and their evaluation techniques. Although the proposed model requires gathering empirical evidences and investigating application...
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This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ABSTRACT Information Technology Governance (ITG) is important for enterprises in many respects. Acquiring better outputs from Information... more
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ABSTRACT Information Technology Governance (ITG) is important for enterprises in many respects. Acquiring better outputs from Information Technologies (IT) investments and meeting various expectations in business can be shown as primary examples. Another issue in this context is how an enterprise can manage its own IT resources according to its business strategy and functions. IT Governance Practices (ITGP), which is also described as best practices, are one of the main approaches that can be used to handle these issues. On the business side, Critical Success Factors (CSF) and Key Performance Indicators (KPI) are amongst the other tools used by enterprises for performance management. However, it is seen that there are not enough research studies exploring ITGP implementation challenges, their effects on CSF, KPI, and their relationships. In this paper, we present the findings of a qualit...
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Different methods, strategies, or tools have been proposed for teaching Object Oriented Programming (OOP). However, it is still difficult to introduce OOP to novice learners. The problem may be not only adopting a method or language, but... more
Different methods, strategies, or tools have been proposed for teaching Object Oriented Programming (OOP). However, it is still difficult to introduce OOP to novice learners. The problem may be not only adopting a method or language, but also use of an appropriate integrated development environment (IDE). Therefore, the focus should be on the needs of learners when selecting an IDE and the evaluations for instructional purposes may allow making objective decisions for an introductory course design. There are different methods or frameworks for evaluating IDEs and the majority focuses on the experts needs. Unfortunately, studies done on instructional appropriateness of IDEs are insufficient. In this study, an evaluation framework is initially proposed, then the candidate IDEs are evaluated, and finally, the perceptions of college students are explored by conducting semi-structured interviews. The data are analyzed by the Verbal Analysis technique, and the results are discussed in vie...
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We are living in an information age, and most of the complex problems, which our society faces cross the disciplinary boundaries. It is often required to integrate different knowledge domains, and collaborate effectively to solve the... more
We are living in an information age, and most of the complex problems, which our society faces cross the disciplinary boundaries. It is often required to integrate different knowledge domains, and collaborate effectively to solve the problems. The possible solutions can be produced through an interdisciplinary approach, which provides comprehensive understanding of issues and challenges. Collaboration of neuroscience and education could be given as an example, and a considerable amount of publications is advocating ...
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Humans have to make decisions to select or act on something for different purposes, ranging from simple to complex, conscious to unconscious. At one time or another, all individuals have wished that a difficult decision was easy, and that... more
Humans have to make decisions to select or act on something for different purposes, ranging from simple to complex, conscious to unconscious. At one time or another, all individuals have wished that a difficult decision was easy, and that there was a simple and straightforward way to follow up. For example, in purchasing a utility, there are many factors to consider, such as price, flexibility, brand name, support of manufacturer, etc. Factors such as complexity, uncertainty, multiple objectives, and different perspectives in decision- ...
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Emotions of the employees of especially the sectors like banking, tourism, and health care, in which the interaction with the customers is at utmost importance, are expected by the businesses to be properly managed. While the display of... more
Emotions of the employees of especially the sectors like banking, tourism, and health care, in which the interaction with the customers is at utmost importance, are expected by the businesses to be properly managed. While the display of emotions by the employees according to the demands of the organization in respect to the payments made has positive contributions to the businesses, it might affect the employees in a negative way. In this study, the relationship between the emotional labour and burnout displayed by the ...
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It is thought that the comparison of studies designed and conducted in the research field of Software Engineering (SE) on a common basis in terms of various dimensions and variables may bring important contributions to the industry as... more
It is thought that the comparison of studies designed and conducted in the research field of Software Engineering (SE) on a common basis in terms of various dimensions and variables may bring important contributions to the industry as much as to the scientific world. In this study, therefore, we develop an Essence Framework-based Research Design and Evaluation Model (EFBRDEM), and then apply this model to the evaluation of an empirical research in SE. Our study is conducted according to the guidelines of Systematic Review and Qualitative Research. At first, we systematically review the related
Machine learning (ML), has become very popular, and it has gained much attention in academia and industry. Besides successful stories, industrial applications and research studies also report plenty of failures, unsatisfactory results,... more
Machine learning (ML), has become very popular, and it has gained much attention in academia and industry. Besides successful stories, industrial applications and research studies also report plenty of failures, unsatisfactory results, and a great many ML projects failing to meet unrealistic and feasible expectations. One of the important factors is the deficiency in requirements engineering (RE), specifically, regarding organizational contexts, and well-conducted Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering (GORE) processes. However, the review of literature cannot provide sufficient work and present the required guidelines for GORE of ML applications. In this study, we adopt a GORE approach and extend it for the RE processes of ML applications. Goals can be expressed at different levels of abstraction and they are useful for elicitation, analyzing and identifying alternatives, and conflict resolutions related to RE. The GORE approach focuses on the strategic context of ML requirements and helps elaborate the requirements that support the organizational goals. Therefore, GORE’s main concerns are: how an ML application would achieve the organizational goals, how to operationalize these goals into services or products, and how to assign tasks and responsibilities. Goal-Oriented Requirement Language (GRL) is used for both modeling and reasoning. The contributions of this study are two-fold: (1st) drawing the practitioners’ and researchers’ attention to the problems of GORE for ML, (2nd) proposing an extended version of the GORE model. Consequently, this study can be viewed as an initial step towards the knowledge domain of RE for ML.
Keywords: Machine Learning, Requirements Engineering, Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering
Keywords: Machine Learning, Requirements Engineering, Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering
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One of the reasons for unsuccessful machine learning (ML) applications can be regarded as unsatisfactory requirements engineering (RE). processes. The data-driven and black box nature of ML is a great obstacle for RE, design, and... more
One of the reasons for unsuccessful machine learning (ML) applications can be regarded as unsatisfactory requirements engineering (RE). processes. The data-driven and black box nature of ML is a great obstacle for RE, design, and development processes. RE approaches, such as Goal-Oriented RE or Value-Based RE, focus on the organizational context, and they adopt a business value perspective. Viewpoint-Based RE methods that use software engineering-specific tools and techniques are useful, but, usually difficult to understand for non-technical stakeholders. Therefore, Scenario-Based RE (SBRE) methods would be beneficial and can form a mutual understanding. However, they have engineering limitations, and can easily lead to ambiguous requirements specifications if they rely only on text, and natural language descriptions, or graphical representations. Consequently, Use Case Maps (UCM) can serve as a bridge between requirements and design processes, and they can provide a visual, scenario-based, behavioral, structural, and causal path-based framework for RE. However, the review of literature cannot provide the studies exploring UCM as an SBRE tool for ML applications. A scenario-based approach is adopted for the RE processes of ML applications. Eclipse Modeling Tools IDE and jUCMNav v7.0.0 plug-in are used for the design and development of UCM. The main contribution of this study is the introduction of both scenario-based approach and UCM as a RE tool for ML.
Keywords: Machine Learning, Requirements Engineering, Scenario-Based Requirements Engineering, Use Case Map
Keywords: Machine Learning, Requirements Engineering, Scenario-Based Requirements Engineering, Use Case Map
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Recent studies report that a considerable amount of Machine Learning (ML) projects fails, and they lead to an inadequate return on investment or unsatisfactory results. There is also an overestimation of the opportunities that may be... more
Recent studies report that a considerable amount of Machine Learning (ML) projects fails, and they lead to an inadequate return on investment or unsatisfactory results. There is also an overestimation of the opportunities that may be presented by ML projects. The majority of ML studies focus on technical aspects rather than project management (PM) issues. Therefore, one important factor has been adopting or customizing a PM method for the specific requirements of ML applications. More than 80% of ML engineers state that the PM methods, which can be tailored for ML, would improve the project performances. Traditional PM, Crisp-DM, Team Data Science Process, and Data-Driven Scrum are amongst the PM methods preferred for ML applications. Software engineering (SE) methods that are similar to the ones in the domain of SE, such as Scrum and Kanban, are also used in the industry. However, none of them is completely suitable for the idiosyncratic requirements of ML. Therefore, our approach to ML PM is based on the principles and guidelines of Situational Method Engineering (SME). As an engineering discipline, SME can allow building and adapting methods for SE or information systems development. Initially, specification of the domain-specific requirements of ML context is set as a method engineering goal. Later, an assembly-based approach is adopted, and thus, the method chunks existing in Crisp-DM, Team Data Science Process, Data-Driven Scrum, Scrum, and Kanban form the method bases. Finally, these method bases are combined to build an appropriate PM method for the ML project context.
Keywords: Machine Learning, Project Management, Method Engineering, Situational Method Engineering.
Keywords: Machine Learning, Project Management, Method Engineering, Situational Method Engineering.
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Teaching computer programming (CP) has been one of the most researched topics in educational computing. Many methods, tools and environments have been proposed to enhance understanding of a programming language or paradigm. However,... more
Teaching computer programming (CP) has been one of the most researched topics in educational computing. Many methods, tools and environments have been proposed to enhance understanding of a programming language or paradigm. However, learning CP remains difficult. Problem-based learning (PBL) is another topic attracting many researchers. While problem solving (PS) ability of an individual plays an important role for adapting herself to the environment, it has also showed that it can contribute to improving cognitive skills required in other learning contexts. For example, PS and CP have much in common. In essence, CP is a type of problem solving process. Although studies indicate expert computer programmers can consciously employ PS strategies, low-performing programming students generally lack PS skills. There are two important points in this issue. The first; CP learners have to generalize their programming skills in the form of well-defined patterns long before they attempt to pro...
Özet. Yapılan araştırmalar, her yıl birçok yazılım projesinin öngörülen bütçe ve çalışma takvimini aştığını ya da başarısız olduğu için iptal edilerek kaynak israfına neden olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu probleme yönelik çalışma alanlarından... more
Özet. Yapılan araştırmalar, her yıl birçok yazılım projesinin öngörülen bütçe ve çalışma takvimini aştığını ya da başarısız olduğu için iptal edilerek kaynak israfına neden olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu probleme yönelik çalışma alanlarından birisi de yazılım mühendisliği eğitim alanıdır. Ancak, endüstrinin ihtiyaç duyduğu istenilen bilgi ve becerilere sahip nitelikteki yazılım mühendislerinin halen yetiştirilemediği ve bu iş gücü açığının gittikçe arttığı gözlenmektedir. Bu durumun nedenleri arasında üniversitelerde yaygın olarak kullanılan öğretmen merkezli ve geleneksel öğretim yöntemlerini göstermek mümkündür. Aralarında çeşitli benzerlik ve farklılıklar bulunan Proje Destekli Öğretim (PDÖ) ve Proje Tabanlı Öğrenme (PTÖ), bu konudaki ihtiyaçlara cevap vermek amacıyla kullanılabilen öğretim yöntemleridir. Çalışmalar incelendiğinde, bu iki öğretim yöntemini deneysel olarak karşılaştıran araştırmalara rastlanılmamıştır. Bu deneysel araştırmada, bilgisayar mühendisliği lisansüstü progr...
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Recent studies on Machine Learning (ML) and its industrial applications report that ML-enabled systems may be at a high risk of failure or they can easily fall short of business objectives. Cutting-edge developments in this field have... more
Recent studies on Machine Learning (ML) and its industrial applications report that ML-enabled systems may be at a high risk of failure or they can easily fall short of business objectives. Cutting-edge developments in this field have increased complexity and also brought new challenges for enterprise information integration. This situation can even get worse when considering the vital importance of ML-enabled health information systems (HEIS). Therefore, the main argument of this paper is that we need to adopt the principles of Industrial Information Integration Engineering (IIIE) for the design, development, and deployment processes of ML-enabled systems. The contributions of this study are twofold: (a) to draw researchers' attention to the integration problems of ML-enabled systems and discuss them in view of IIIE, (b) to propose an enterprise integration architecture (EIA) for the ML-enabled HEIS of a university hospital.
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Problem: Current developments in hardware, software, and information technologies allow various types of machine learning (ML) systems, most of which have to be also integrated with complex environments. On the other hand, this situation... more
Problem: Current developments in hardware, software, and information technologies allow various types of machine learning (ML) systems, most of which have to be also integrated with complex environments. On the other hand, this situation has made the analysis, design, and development processes of ML applications even harder. Recent studies reveal important findings of the failure of projects involving such systems. Much has been written about the factors that are related to the technology in use (software, data, algorithm, process, etc.), business or application domains (finance, health, production, etc.). This is very similar to the early days of software engineering (SE) “discipline”, in other words, “SE domain”. It took a considerable time for forming its underlying principles, theoretical and philosophical foundations of SE. In the same direction, it is thought that one important issue for ML is the little or no emphasis given to the domain engineering (DE) of ML itself. DE models and products help to understand the environment in which ML systems are supposed to operate. Therefore, there is a long way for the description of the ML domain, which we also believe that this would be a critical success factor for every ML project. Therefore, this situation forms the main problem area of our study.
Method: There are two main approaches that can be adopted for the DE of ML: formal and application-focused respectively. The formal one uses mathematical methods and it views a domain as the universe of discourse. It claims that understanding the subject area (finance, health, transportation, etc.) of a system entails domain engineering activities, and it should come before requirement engineering. The second approach adopts an application-focused point of view. It regards any domain as a set of applications or systems, and it emphasizes the commonality and variability features of these applications in a domain. However, we claim that using only one of these approaches may not be sufficient when regarding the idiosyncratic requirements of the ML knowledge domain. In this paper, therefore, we propose a hybrid, two-phased approach. The first phase produces a conceptual domain model along with its domain theory of ML to form the foundations of the second phase as well. The second phase, thus, gives us the structural models, data flow models, information models, operational models, and interaction models needed for the design and development of ML applications.
Conclusion: Consequently, this study can be viewed as an initial step towards the DE of ML and also a presentation of our future research directions.
Keywords: Machine Learning, Domain Engineering, Requirement Engineering
Method: There are two main approaches that can be adopted for the DE of ML: formal and application-focused respectively. The formal one uses mathematical methods and it views a domain as the universe of discourse. It claims that understanding the subject area (finance, health, transportation, etc.) of a system entails domain engineering activities, and it should come before requirement engineering. The second approach adopts an application-focused point of view. It regards any domain as a set of applications or systems, and it emphasizes the commonality and variability features of these applications in a domain. However, we claim that using only one of these approaches may not be sufficient when regarding the idiosyncratic requirements of the ML knowledge domain. In this paper, therefore, we propose a hybrid, two-phased approach. The first phase produces a conceptual domain model along with its domain theory of ML to form the foundations of the second phase as well. The second phase, thus, gives us the structural models, data flow models, information models, operational models, and interaction models needed for the design and development of ML applications.
Conclusion: Consequently, this study can be viewed as an initial step towards the DE of ML and also a presentation of our future research directions.
Keywords: Machine Learning, Domain Engineering, Requirement Engineering
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Successful implementations of machine learning (ML) and data science (DS) applications have enabled innovative business models and brought new opportunities for organizations. On the other hand, research studies report that organizations... more
Successful implementations of machine learning (ML) and data science (DS) applications have enabled innovative business models and brought new opportunities for organizations. On the other hand, research studies report that organizations employing ML and DS solutions are at a high risk of failure and they can easily fall short of their objectives. One major factor is to adopt or tailor a project management method for the specific requirements of ML and DS applications. Therefore, agile project management (APM) may be proposed as a solution. However, there is significantly less study that explores ML and DS project management from an agile perspective. In this chapter, the authors discuss methods and challenges according to the background information and practice areas of ML, DS, and APM. This study can be viewed as an initial attempt to enhance these knowledge and practice domains in view of APM. Therefore, future research efforts will focus on the challenges as well as the experimental implementation of APM methods in real industrial case studies of ML and DS.
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Problem: Domain engineering (DE) approaches can be divided into broadly two categories. The first DE approach adopts a “formal viewpoint”, views a domain as the universe of discourse, and uses mathematical methods for knowledge... more
Problem: Domain engineering (DE) approaches can be divided into broadly two categories. The first DE approach adopts a “formal viewpoint”, views a domain as the universe of discourse, and uses mathematical methods for knowledge representation. The second DE approach, on the other hand, has an “application viewpoint”, and it regards a domain as a set of information systems and software applications. Thus, it focuses on the commonality and variability features of domain applications. The DE methods of both approaches start with an analysis phase; however, resultant domain description documents can vary quite differently, which may range from informal narrative text, some graphical representations to formal and mathematical descriptions. The formal DE methods can be expensive, labor-intensive, difficult to grasp both for customers and domain engineers. Furthermore, adopting only application or formal viewpoint cannot allow reflecting on the systemic requirements of complex software systems. We claim that current domain analysis techniques are not sufficient for the socio-technical representation of complex domains. These issues would be one of reasons for neglecting DE during software development processes, and therefore, they form the background of our research problem.
Method: The main argument of this paper is that adopting a socio-technical approach to domain analysis can contribute as a solution to the research problem. In this context, we propose the use of an adapted version of Systemic Inquiry (SI), which is a system engineering method for analyzing complex situations. SI’s three stages or core concepts are inter-relationships, perspectives, and boundaries. Inter-relationships give how the parts are connected as well as the structure of a complex situation. Perspectives enable analyzers to frame the situation, identify key stakes and stakeholders. Finally, boundaries help to differentiate conflicting interests of the stakeholders and identify their key perspectives. However, SI cannot provide software engineers with the comprehensive modeling tools or techniques. Therefore, we propose combining the SI method with both the concept of model-based analysis and the use of Unified Modeling Language for complex situations.
Conclusion: The main output of this study is the adaptation and introduction of the SI method to the DE discipline as a domain analysis method.
Keywords: Software Engineering, Domain Engineering, System Engineering, Systemic Inquiry
Method: The main argument of this paper is that adopting a socio-technical approach to domain analysis can contribute as a solution to the research problem. In this context, we propose the use of an adapted version of Systemic Inquiry (SI), which is a system engineering method for analyzing complex situations. SI’s three stages or core concepts are inter-relationships, perspectives, and boundaries. Inter-relationships give how the parts are connected as well as the structure of a complex situation. Perspectives enable analyzers to frame the situation, identify key stakes and stakeholders. Finally, boundaries help to differentiate conflicting interests of the stakeholders and identify their key perspectives. However, SI cannot provide software engineers with the comprehensive modeling tools or techniques. Therefore, we propose combining the SI method with both the concept of model-based analysis and the use of Unified Modeling Language for complex situations.
Conclusion: The main output of this study is the adaptation and introduction of the SI method to the DE discipline as a domain analysis method.
Keywords: Software Engineering, Domain Engineering, System Engineering, Systemic Inquiry
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Information Technology Governance (ITG) is important for enterprises in many respects. Acquiring better outputs from Information Technologies (IT) investments and meeting various expectations in business can be shown as primary examples.... more
Information Technology Governance (ITG) is important for enterprises in many respects. Acquiring better
outputs from Information Technologies (IT) investments and meeting various expectations in business can
be shown as primary examples. Another issue in this context is how an enterprise can manage its own IT
resources according to its business strategy and functions. IT Governance Practices (ITGP), which is also
described as best practices, are one of the main approaches that can be used to handle these issues. On the
business side, Critical Success Factors (CSF) and Key Performance Indicators (KPI) are amongst the other
tools used by enterprises for performance management. However, it is seen that there are not enough research
studies exploring ITGP implementation challenges, their effects on CSF, KPI, and their relationships. In this
paper, we present the findings of a qualitative research conducted according to the guidelines of Systematic
Literature Review and Systematic Mapping Methods. The research outputs are promising though there are
limitations that should be considered as well. Our study can be viewed as an initial attempt to the enhancement
of ITGP and enterprise performance knowledge domains.
outputs from Information Technologies (IT) investments and meeting various expectations in business can
be shown as primary examples. Another issue in this context is how an enterprise can manage its own IT
resources according to its business strategy and functions. IT Governance Practices (ITGP), which is also
described as best practices, are one of the main approaches that can be used to handle these issues. On the
business side, Critical Success Factors (CSF) and Key Performance Indicators (KPI) are amongst the other
tools used by enterprises for performance management. However, it is seen that there are not enough research
studies exploring ITGP implementation challenges, their effects on CSF, KPI, and their relationships. In this
paper, we present the findings of a qualitative research conducted according to the guidelines of Systematic
Literature Review and Systematic Mapping Methods. The research outputs are promising though there are
limitations that should be considered as well. Our study can be viewed as an initial attempt to the enhancement
of ITGP and enterprise performance knowledge domains.
Research Interests:
Smart Manufacturing (SM) has substantial challenges, such as sharing data and integrating different systems or products into an intelligent, digital and interconnected manufacturing context. This situation naturally points to a... more
Smart Manufacturing (SM) has substantial challenges, such as sharing data and integrating different systems or products into an intelligent, digital and interconnected manufacturing context. This situation naturally points to a contemporary paradigm, Intelligent Digital Mesh (IDM). Recent studies have presented the top ten state of the art technology trends called IDM, and they report forecasts about the technical developments for the future. However, the development of smart systems has been challenging, both for IDM and SM. Additionally, various sources of variability and complexities are inherent in these environments. One of them is the application of the development for SM. Except for the limited techniques; the review of literature cannot provide a comprehensive framework, which provides the integration of platform-, system- and enterprise-specific reusable solutions, while addressing the problems of mass customization and variability. Therefore, we conduct a two-phase mixed research, following the guidelines of the Design Science Research Method. The IDM, Enterprise Architecture (EA) and Software Product Line Engineering (SPLE) approaches are combined to produce a Smart Manufacturing Development Framework (SMDF). This study can be viewed as an attempt to enhance SM and information integration knowledge domains.
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Energy Management (EM) has become crucial and much more complicated for airports with the introduction of various energy sources, technologies and different comfort requirements. Regarding the aviation industry as one of the major sources... more
Energy Management (EM) has become crucial and much more complicated for airports with the introduction of various energy sources, technologies and different comfort requirements. Regarding the aviation industry as one of the major sources of global warming and air pollution, this situation becomes highly critical. However, the review of literature on Energy Management Information Systems (EMIS) for airports shows that the proposed solutions are usually domain-specific, platform-depended and away from suggesting complete solutions and architectures. Therefore, the main argument of this study is that a holistic and integrated approach should be adopted for EM in airports and we claim the notion of sustainability through the use of Enterprise Architecture (EA)-based EM. In this paper, we present the results of a two-faced research study. Action Research (AR) and Design Science Research (DSR) methods are combined to adopt an integrated approach. At the first phase, an EA is developed and evaluated, and then, this is followed by the second phase with three cases to find the potential energy savings in _ Istanbul Airport. Along with the findings, the primary and secondary contributions of this research brought to the EM knowledge domain are presented. Consequently, there is an important potential for energy saving in the terminal buildings, which would be approximately 70% of the total airport energy consumption. There is also a nearly 250.000 $/year potential saving, and also 121.397 $/year for the daylight time and period. This research can be seen as an initial attempt to the enhancement of sustainable airports, and therefore, it has showed the potential for using EAs as a means to improve EM in airports. We hope that this study may help researchers to obtain an overview of existing and possible approaches to sustainability through the use of EAs for EM practices.
Research Interests:
One of the important reasons for global warming and climate change is regarded as the improper management of fossil energy consumption. There may be various models or approaches to energy management (EM). However, strategic EM and its... more
One of the important reasons for global warming and climate change is regarded as the improper management of fossil energy consumption. There may be various models or approaches to energy management (EM). However, strategic EM and its applications are still away from achieving their goals. In this regard, the main objectives of the present study are to design, develop and propose a knowledge framework primarily based on an EM concept map for a holistic EM. Aligned with the research purposes, a qualitative four-phase study was conducted, and the research question was formulated as: 'What would be the components and concepts required for the holistic EM?' The study also integrated systematic literature review (SLR) and focus group discussion (FGD) techniques. Initially, a list of the key EM concepts was formed and a preliminary concept map was constructed. Then, the final version of the concept map was achieved through several iterative revisions and FGDs. This concept map may be seen as a complementary and contributory tool for
Research Interests:
This research study was carried out to investigate how the instructional software (IS) designed in accordance with Instructional Transaction Theory (ITT) effects the academic achievements of students. Computer-Aided Instructional (CAI)... more
This research study was carried out to investigate how the instructional software (IS) designed in accordance with Instructional Transaction Theory (ITT) effects the academic achievements of students. Computer-Aided Instructional (CAI) system constituted the independent variable, while the academic achievement did the dependent variable. The samples of the study were the 130 students who took the Computer Programming course. Randomly selected 69 students in one study group used the IS based on ITT and 61 students in another study group used the conventional CAI system. Instructional transactions, which included the knowledge objects, were designed to form a relational knowledge base. The frame-based design principles, which are generally used for the CAI software, were adopted as an instructional design approach for the conventional CAI system. In line with the purposes of this research study, nonparametric statistical analysis methods were used. A significant difference was found between the study groups in academic achievements of students. This finding was on behalf of the instructional software designed in accordance with ITT. Furthermore, in terms of instructional software, learning styles of students revealed no significant difference regarding the academic achievements
Research Interests:
Technical innovations and trends have been changing from time to time as a major driving force for Software Engineering (SE). Although it can be regarded as a relatively young discipline usually driven by industrial needs or practices,... more
Technical innovations and trends have been changing from time to time as a major driving force for Software Engineering (SE). Although it can be regarded as a relatively young discipline usually driven by industrial needs or practices, fundamental problems of SE still continue to exist. It is thought that the problem may be not only in adopting a domain specific technology or method, but also in understanding the foundations and use of theories in SE. Therefore, investigating the trans-disciplinary aspects of SE may pave the way of some solutions while it may shed light on building the theoretical background of possible empirical studies. However, the review of SE literature shows the little effort given to this research gap, and thus, this paper attempts to offer a conceptual framework and brings a different perspective for understanding the theoretical and trans-disciplinary foundations of SE as a discipline.
Research Interests:
The studies show that many software projects exceed the estimated budget and schedule every year, or they are canceled on account of failure, and thus, this causes the waste of resources expressed in billion dollars. Software engineering... more
The studies show that many software projects exceed the estimated budget and schedule every year, or they are canceled on account of failure, and thus, this causes the waste of resources expressed in billion dollars. Software engineering education is one of the research areas aiming to produce solutions to this important problem. However, it is seen that there is still a need for large amount of skilled and educated software engineers required for the industry, and this workforce gap is also in an increasing fashion. One of the main reasons is thought to be the traditional or teacher-centered methods that are widely adopted in universities. On the other hand, software product development as well as learning and teaching processes, include a series of activities, which require their applications with a range at different levels. Therefore, the instructional methods should be adopted, which primarily concern the knowledge and skills that need to be acquired by engineering students together with the requirements and attributes of software systems to be developed in courses. Project-Assisted Instruction (PAI) and Project-Based Learning (PBL) can be given as examples for this type of methods. Therefore, in this research, the PBL and PAI methods are used in teaching the Database Management Systems Course, and their effects on academic achievements, product and project performances are explored. It is possible to say that the study has two contributions to the engineering research domain. First, (a) it is a study that compares PAI and PBL in an experimental setting. Second, (b) it presents the guidelines and prescriptions for the application of these methods for the domains of computer and software engineering education based on empirical findings.
Research Interests:
Essence Framework (EF) is developed for addressing the core problems of Software Engineering (SE) domain. It provides a common ground for the definition and implementation of SE practices and methods. On the other hand, a software system... more
Essence Framework (EF) is developed for addressing the core problems of Software Engineering (SE) domain. It provides a common ground for the definition and implementation of SE practices and methods. On the other hand, a software system with its own SE domain-specific views, processes and tools, can be regarded as an important part of an Enterprise Architecture (EA). Therefore, representing EF in the knowledge domain of EA may not only extend its usage, but also provide the understanding of EF's components and their relationships to its organizational environment that guides its design and development. In this paper, we propose a concept mapping and representation method for EF by using EA concepts. Although primarily and potential contributions are presented, there are also limitations that should be addressed by future research studies.
Research Interests:
Project Based Learning (PBL) is one of the recommended learning methods proposed as a solution to the problems of traditional instruction. While some of the studies provide guidelines for the design and implementation of PBL, the use of... more
Project Based Learning (PBL) is one of the recommended learning methods proposed as a solution to the problems of traditional instruction. While some of the studies provide guidelines for the design and implementation of PBL, the use of innovative educational technologies is also suggested. One of them is Mobile Applications (MA). The developments in ICT has emphasized the importance of MA and increased the search for integration of technologies. When the literature is reviewed, it is observed that there are limited researches exploring PBL and MA, however there is no study investigating them together within the constructive instructional design as of the writing date of this paper. For this purpose, a research is carried out aligned with the qualitative research methods, and thus, the effects of project-based and mobile application supported learning on students' attitudes and performances are explored. In the context of semi-experimental research design, systematic literature review, focus group discussion and semi-structured interviews are the research techniques used in the study. Expert evaluation forms and QDA Miner are the tools used to analyze the data. Consequently, this research has a potential for contributing to education technology in terms of methods, techniques and tools it use.
Research Interests:
Essence Framework (EF) aims at addressing the core problems of software engineering (SE) and its practices. As a relatively new framework, one important issue for EF has been mapping software practices to its conceptual domain. Although... more
Essence Framework (EF) aims at addressing the core problems of software engineering (SE) and its practices. As a relatively new framework, one important issue for EF has been mapping software practices to its conceptual domain. Although there are several works describing systematic procedures, a review of literature cannot suggest a study using a formal method. The study is conducted according to the guidelines of Design Science Research (DSR) Method. The research contribution is classified as an "application of a new solution (the formal method) to a new problem (mapping software practices to EF). The formal method employs an algorithm based on Concept Algebra and it is applied in a Scrum case study. The results are promising and they differ from the ones exist in the current EF related literature.
Research Interests:
Energy Management (EM) has become crucial and much more complicated for airports with the introduction of various energy sources, technologies and different comfort requirements. Regarding the aviation industry as one of the major sources... more
Energy Management (EM) has become crucial and much more complicated for airports with the introduction of various energy sources, technologies and different comfort requirements. Regarding the aviation industry as one of the major sources of global warming and air pollution, this situation becomes highly critical. However, the review of literature on Energy Management Information Systems (EMIS) for airports shows that the proposed solutions are usually domain-specific, platform-depended and away from suggesting complete solutions and architectures. Therefore, the main argument of this study is that a holistic and integrated approach should be adopted for EM in airports and we claim the notion of sustainability through the use of Enterprise Architecture (EA)-based EM. In this paper, we present the results of a two-faced research study. Action Research (AR) and Design Science Research (DSR) methods are combined to adopt an integrated approach. At the first phase, an EA is developed and evaluated, and then, this is followed by the second phase with three cases to find the potential energy savings in _ Istanbul Airport. Along with the findings, the primary and secondary contributions of this research brought to the EM knowledge domain are presented. Consequently, there is an important potential for energy saving in the terminal buildings, which would be approximately 70% of the total airport energy consumption. There is also a nearly 250.000 $/year potential saving, and also 121.397 $/year for the daylight time and period. This research can be seen as an initial attempt to the enhancement of sustainable airports, and therefore, it has showed the potential for using EAs as a means to improve EM in airports. We hope that this study may help researchers to obtain an overview of existing and possible approaches to sustainability through the use of EAs for EM practices.
Research Interests:
One of the important reasons for global warming and climate change is regarded as the improper management of fossil energy consumption. There may be various models or approaches to energy management (EM). However, strategic EM and its... more
One of the important reasons for global warming and climate change is regarded as the improper management of fossil energy consumption. There may be various models or approaches to energy management (EM). However, strategic EM and its applications are still away from achieving their goals. In this regard, the main objectives of the present study are to design, develop and propose a knowledge framework primarily based on an EM concept map for a holistic EM. Aligned with the research purposes, a qualitative four-phase study was conducted, and the research question was formulated as: 'What would be the components and concepts required for the holistic EM?' The study also integrated systematic literature review (SLR) and focus group discussion (FGD) techniques. Initially, a list of the key EM concepts was formed and a preliminary concept map was constructed. Then, the final version of the concept map was achieved through several iterative revisions and FGDs. This concept map may be seen as a complementary and contributory tool for
Research Interests:
Various methods and tools have been proposed to overcome the learning obstacles for Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). However, it remains difficult especially for novice learners. The problem may be not only adopting an instructional... more
Various methods and tools have been proposed to overcome the learning obstacles for Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). However, it remains difficult especially for novice learners. The problem may be not only adopting an instructional method, but also an Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Learners employ IDEs as a means to solve programming problems and an inappropriate IDE may impose
additional cognitive load. Therefore, this quasi-experimental study tried to identify the cognitive effects of a more visually supportive and functional IDE. It was explored by the functional near-infrared spectroscopy method, which is a relatively new physiological tool for measuring cognitive load. Novice students participated in the study in two experimental groups and they were required to write a Java application using two different IDEs. The results indicated a significant difference between the experimental groups and the findings are discussed in view of the principles of Cognitive Load Theory and Multimedia Learning
additional cognitive load. Therefore, this quasi-experimental study tried to identify the cognitive effects of a more visually supportive and functional IDE. It was explored by the functional near-infrared spectroscopy method, which is a relatively new physiological tool for measuring cognitive load. Novice students participated in the study in two experimental groups and they were required to write a Java application using two different IDEs. The results indicated a significant difference between the experimental groups and the findings are discussed in view of the principles of Cognitive Load Theory and Multimedia Learning
Research Interests:
Software Engineering (SE) may be regarded as a relatively young discipline, which has been driven by technical innovations, trends and practices. Although a great many research studies explored solutions, fundamental problems in SE domain... more
Software Engineering (SE) may be regarded as a relatively young discipline, which has been driven by technical innovations, trends and practices. Although a great many research studies explored solutions, fundamental problems in SE domain still exist. Most of the SE research efforts adopt the principles of quantitative, qualitative paradigms, or both, there are also models, such as Design Science Research (DSR), which can address some of the issues in SE research domain. However, there is a need for a research model, which considers the prescriptions of research paradigms as well as the theoretical and trans-disciplinary foundations of SE as an applied discipline. In this paper, therefore, we propose a research framework by extending the DSR method and leave its empirical and theoretical support to the future studies. Our effort may be considered as a preliminary attempt rather than a complete solution
Research Interests:
Abstract: Designing and developing Computer Aided Insructional (CAI) softwares requires timeconsuming and labor-intensive processes. One of the factors which determines the quality of these softwares is that they undergo appropriate... more
Abstract: Designing and developing Computer Aided Insructional (CAI) softwares requires timeconsuming and labor-intensive processes. One of the factors which determines the quality of these softwares is that they undergo appropriate design processes. The other factor is the their capabilities of response to the instructional needs during or after instruction. A suitable CAI design model involves adoption of an efficient and dinamic approach to the both instructional design and software develoment proceses. In this study, ...
Software Engineering (SE) may be regarded as a relatively young discipline, which has been driven by technical innovations, trends and practices. Although a great many research studies explored solutions, fundamental problems in SE domain... more
Software Engineering (SE) may be regarded as a relatively young discipline, which has been driven by technical innovations, trends and practices. Although a great many research studies explored solutions, fundamental problems in SE domain still exist. Most of the SE research efforts adopt the principles of quantitative, qualitative paradigms, or both, there are also models, such as Design Science Research (DSR), which can address some of the issues in SE research domain. However, there is a need for a research model, which considers the prescriptions of research paradigms as well as the theoretical and trans-disciplinary foundations of SE as an applied discipline. In this paper, therefore, we propose a research framework by extending the DSR method and leave its empirical and theoretical support to the future studies. Our effort may be considered as a preliminary attempt rather than a complete solution.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Successful implementations of machine learning (ML) and data science (DS) applications have enabled innovative business models and brought new opportunities for organizations. On the other hand, research studies report that organizations... more
Successful implementations of machine learning (ML) and data science (DS) applications have enabled innovative business models and brought new opportunities for organizations. On the other hand, research studies report that organizations employing ML and DS solutions are at a high risk of failure and they can easily fall short of their objectives. One major factor is to adopt or tailor a project management method for the specific requirements of ML and DS applications. Therefore, agile project management (APM) may be proposed as a solution. However, there is significantly less study that explores ML and DS project management from an agile perspective. In this chapter, the authors discuss methods and challenges according to the background information and practice areas of ML, DS, and APM. This study can be viewed as an initial attempt to enhance these knowledge and practice domains in view of APM. Therefore, future research efforts will focus on the challenges as well as the experimental implementation of APM methods in real industrial case studies of ML and DS.
Research Interests:
There is an overestimation of the benefits that may be provided by Machine Learning (ML) applications. Recent studies report the failures of ML projects, inadequate return on investment, or unsatisfactory project outcomes. Software... more
There is an overestimation of the benefits that may be provided by Machine Learning (ML) applications. Recent studies report the failures of ML projects, inadequate return on investment, or unsatisfactory project outcomes. Software engineering challenges, business and IT alignment, holistic management of business processes, data, applications, and infrastructure may be some causes. However, we believe that the integration of ML applications with enterprise components is a serious issue that is often neglected. Therefore, the main argument of this study is that the enterprise integration models are critical for the long-term benefits and sustainability of ML-driven systems. In this study, we developed an enterprise integration method for ML-driven business systems by using enterprise architecture methods and tools. Finally, we applied it to an online shopping system in a business case study and presented important findings and insights.
Research Interests:
ÖZET Bilgisayar, internet ve bilgi teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler sonucunda E-Öğrenme uygulamaları gittikçe yaygınlaşmakta ve önemi artmaktadır. Ancak, etkili bir E-Öğrenmenin kurumsal olarak stratejik ve operasyonel seviyede... more
ÖZET
Bilgisayar, internet ve bilgi teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler sonucunda E-Öğrenme uygulamaları gittikçe yaygınlaşmakta ve önemi artmaktadır. Ancak, etkili bir E-Öğrenmenin kurumsal olarak stratejik ve operasyonel seviyede uygulanabilmesi dayanmış olduğu bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileriyle ilişkilidir. Bu amaçla, bilgi teknolojileri yönetim (BT) modelleri ile E-Öğrenme uygulamalarının, tasarım, geliştirme ve uygulama süreçleri açısından birlikte hangi çerçevede uyumlu hale getirilebilecekleri ortaya konulmalıdır. Bu bölümde, dünyada yaygın olarak kullanılan BT yönetim standartlarından COBIT ve ITIL hakkında genel çerçevede bilgi verilmekte, E-Öğrenme ile BT yönetim süreçleri ilişkilendirilerek E-Öğrenme tasarımına farklı boyutta yaklaşılmaktadır.
Bilgisayar, internet ve bilgi teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler sonucunda E-Öğrenme uygulamaları gittikçe yaygınlaşmakta ve önemi artmaktadır. Ancak, etkili bir E-Öğrenmenin kurumsal olarak stratejik ve operasyonel seviyede uygulanabilmesi dayanmış olduğu bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileriyle ilişkilidir. Bu amaçla, bilgi teknolojileri yönetim (BT) modelleri ile E-Öğrenme uygulamalarının, tasarım, geliştirme ve uygulama süreçleri açısından birlikte hangi çerçevede uyumlu hale getirilebilecekleri ortaya konulmalıdır. Bu bölümde, dünyada yaygın olarak kullanılan BT yönetim standartlarından COBIT ve ITIL hakkında genel çerçevede bilgi verilmekte, E-Öğrenme ile BT yönetim süreçleri ilişkilendirilerek E-Öğrenme tasarımına farklı boyutta yaklaşılmaktadır.
Dinamik iş dünyasındaki günümüz işletmeleri, rekabet avantajlarını sürdürebilmeleri için yeni yöneticilerin yetiştirilmesine önem vermelidirler. Bu durum ise yönetim, teknoloji ve öğretim disiplinleriyle ilgili süreçlerin bütünleşik... more
Dinamik iş dünyasındaki günümüz işletmeleri, rekabet avantajlarını sürdürebilmeleri için yeni yöneticilerin yetiştirilmesine önem vermelidirler. Bu durum ise yönetim, teknoloji ve öğretim disiplinleriyle ilgili süreçlerin bütünleşik biçimde ele alınmasını gerektirmektedir. Bu bölümde, yönetici eğitim yöntemlerinden birisi olan “Mentörlük” uygulamasına, Harmanlanış Mentörlük, E-mentörlük ve E-öğrenme çerçevesinde getirilen sistematik yaklaşım ele alınmaktadır.
ÖZET Zaman ve mekândan bağımsız bilgiye ulaşma ihtiyacı, eğitim, toplum ve teknoloji üçgeninde yer alan kavramlara farklı boyut kazandırırken aynı zamanda mobil teknoloji ve mobil öğrenmenin toplumsal hayata girişini hızlandırmış, pek... more
ÖZET
Zaman ve mekândan bağımsız bilgiye ulaşma ihtiyacı, eğitim, toplum ve teknoloji üçgeninde yer alan kavramlara farklı boyut kazandırırken aynı zamanda mobil teknoloji ve mobil öğrenmenin toplumsal hayata girişini hızlandırmış, pek çok alanda olduğu gibi eğitim ve öğretim alanlarına da önemli yenilikler getirmiştir.Öte yandan, mobil teknolojilerle ilgili öngörüleri gerçekleştirebilmenin, uzun vadeli planlama ve yönetim süreçlerini yerine getirilebilmenin, bu ortamların etkinlik ve verimliliğini etkileyecek gelişmelerin sistematik biçimde takibinin teknoloji yol haritalarıyla mümkün olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu bölümde, öncelikle mobil öğrenme alanındaki öğretim amaçlarına ulaşmada geleceğe yönelik arzu edilen dönüşümü sağlamada etkin bir araç olacağı düşünülen Teknoloji Yol Haritası (TYH) tekniği incelenmektedir. Daha sonra, mobil öğrenme ortamlarının geliştirilmesi ve uygulanmasıyla ilgili ihtiyaçlar göz önüne alınarak bunların uygun öğretim tasarım aşamalarından geçirilmelerine yönelik bir model geliştirilmektedir. Söz konusu mobil öğrenme tasarım modeli; TYH ile bütünleşik bir yapıda ihtiyaç analizi, tasarım ve geliştirme, uygulama ve değerlendirme ile bakım ve destek olmak üzere dört aşamadan oluşmaktadır.
Zaman ve mekândan bağımsız bilgiye ulaşma ihtiyacı, eğitim, toplum ve teknoloji üçgeninde yer alan kavramlara farklı boyut kazandırırken aynı zamanda mobil teknoloji ve mobil öğrenmenin toplumsal hayata girişini hızlandırmış, pek çok alanda olduğu gibi eğitim ve öğretim alanlarına da önemli yenilikler getirmiştir.Öte yandan, mobil teknolojilerle ilgili öngörüleri gerçekleştirebilmenin, uzun vadeli planlama ve yönetim süreçlerini yerine getirilebilmenin, bu ortamların etkinlik ve verimliliğini etkileyecek gelişmelerin sistematik biçimde takibinin teknoloji yol haritalarıyla mümkün olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu bölümde, öncelikle mobil öğrenme alanındaki öğretim amaçlarına ulaşmada geleceğe yönelik arzu edilen dönüşümü sağlamada etkin bir araç olacağı düşünülen Teknoloji Yol Haritası (TYH) tekniği incelenmektedir. Daha sonra, mobil öğrenme ortamlarının geliştirilmesi ve uygulanmasıyla ilgili ihtiyaçlar göz önüne alınarak bunların uygun öğretim tasarım aşamalarından geçirilmelerine yönelik bir model geliştirilmektedir. Söz konusu mobil öğrenme tasarım modeli; TYH ile bütünleşik bir yapıda ihtiyaç analizi, tasarım ve geliştirme, uygulama ve değerlendirme ile bakım ve destek olmak üzere dört aşamadan oluşmaktadır.