Ciaran Fairman
Edith Cowan University, School of Medical and Health Science, Faculty Member
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Research Interests: Psychology, Prostate Cancer, Medicine, Distress, Anxiety, and 12 moreInternal Medicine, Diseases, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Exercise, Men, Somatization, Androgen Deprivation Therapy, Randomized Control Trial, Psychological distress, Randomized Controlled Trial, ANXIETY, and Medicine and Health Sciences
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Research Interests: Cancer, Metabolomics, Life Sciences, Inflammation, Prostate Cancer, and 15 moreMedicine, Gut Microbiota, Exercise Science, Internal Medicine, Resistance, Exercise, Men, Protocol, Androgen Deprivation Therapy, Aerobic, Gut Flora, Medicine and Health Sciences, Sports and Exercise Science, Bowel, and Gut dysbiosis
Research Interests: Management, Oncology, Health Promotion, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Cancer, and 15 moreAttention, Physical Activity, Cancer Prevention, Medicine, Prevention, Human, Review, Exercise, Lifestyle, Article, Sport Medicine, Physical Inactivity, Adult, Cancer Patient, and Medicine and Health Sciences
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Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that physical activity has a protective effect against colon cancer development and progression. Further, the relevant biological mechanisms where physical activity or exercise may improve... more
Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that physical activity has a protective effect against colon cancer development and progression. Further, the relevant biological mechanisms where physical activity or exercise may improve survival have also been initially examined. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiological evidence to date which comprises 16 cohort studies of the effects of physical activity on colon cancer outcomes including cancer recurrence, cancer-specific and overall survival. Moreover, we present four potential mechanisms involving shear pressure, systemic milieu alteration, extracellular vesicles, and immune function by which physical activity and exercise may favorably impact colon cancer. Research currently in progress will provide definitive evidence of survival benefits resulting from exercise and future work will help clarify the role of targeted exercise and the relevant mechanisms involved.
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Research Interests: Clinical Trial, Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Creatine, Medicine, and 13 morePhysical Therapy, Placebo, Body Composition, Resistance Training, Strength, Androgen Deprivation Therapy, Weight Training, Randomized Controlled Trial, Hormone Therapy, Medicine and Health Sciences, Muscle mass, Creatine supplementation, and prostate cancer patients
Research Interests: Oncology, Life Sciences, Creatine, Medicine, Muscle strength, and 13 moreExercise Science, Muscle, Bone, Body Composition, Resistance Training, Strength, Muscle Building, Sports Sciences, Cachexia, Medicine and Health Sciences, Lean Body Mass, Adverse effect, and Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
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Background: Loss of muscle mass and muscle function is a common side effect from androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we explored effects of heavy-load resistance training (RT) on lean body mass and muscle... more
Background: Loss of muscle mass and muscle function is a common side effect from androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we explored effects of heavy-load resistance training (RT) on lean body mass and muscle strength changes reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) among PCa patients on ADT and in healthy elderly men (HEM), by comparison of results in separate meta-analysis. Methods: RCTs were identified through databases and reference lists. Results: Seven RCTs in PCa patients (n = 449), and nine in HEM (n = 305) were included. The effects of RT in lean body mass change were similar among PCa patients (Standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.7) and HEM (SMD: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.7). It is noteworthy that the within group changes showed different patterns in PCa patients (intervention: 0.2 kg; control: −0.6 kg) and HEM (intervention: 1.2 kg; control: 0.2 kg). The effects of RT on change in muscle strength (measured as 1 RM) were sim...
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International Journal of Exercise Science 8(1) : 38-48, 2015. Inexpensive exercise interventions are needed to attract and retain older adults to participate in sufficient amounts of exercise to improve functional performance (FP). This... more
International Journal of Exercise Science 8(1) : 38-48, 2015. Inexpensive exercise interventions are needed to attract and retain older adults to participate in sufficient amounts of exercise to improve functional performance (FP). This study examined the addition of a program enhancing game, bingo, to a multicomponent exercise program (BingocizeTM). Older adults (18 women, M age = 75.1 (8.63) years, participated 2 days per week (4560 minute sessions) for 10 weeks. Participants sat at tables with bingo cards, balance pads, and exercise bands. Exercises were alternated with rolls of bingo until a participant won the bingo game. Pre and post body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), and FP were measured. FP was assessed using the Senior Fitness Test battery. Using paired-sample t-tests, significant improvements were found in all FP measures, but not in BW or BMI (p ˂ .05). The low-cost, sustainability, and ease of implementation suggest BingocizeTM may be a novel and enjoyable alternat...
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International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 471-481, 2016. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a nighttime multi-ingredient supplement on noninvasive markers of recovery in resistance trained and untrained... more
International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 471-481, 2016. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a nighttime multi-ingredient supplement on noninvasive markers of recovery in resistance trained and untrained individuals. Forty-nine participants, both trained (n=25) and untrained (n=24) completed the randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Trained participants were randomly divided into supplement (n=12) and placebo (n=13) groups. Untrained participants were randomly divided into supplement (n=14) and placebo (n=10) groups. Two, 2 (supplement group) x 2 (training status) x 5 (time points) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were utilized to determine if an interaction for supplement group and training status existed for peak force (PForce) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Four, 2 (supplement group) x 2 (training status) x 4 (time points) repeated measures ANOVAs was employed for SWVL-Long, SWVL-Tera, SWVL-Trans and ROM to deter...
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Kraemer, WJ, Caldwell, LK, Post, EM, DuPont, WH, Martini, ER, Ratamess, NA, Szivak, TK, Shurley, JP, Beeler, MK, Volek, JS, Maresh, CM, Todd, JS, Walrod, BJ, Hyde, PN, Fairman, C, and Best, TM. Body composition in elite strongman... more
Kraemer, WJ, Caldwell, LK, Post, EM, DuPont, WH, Martini, ER, Ratamess, NA, Szivak, TK, Shurley, JP, Beeler, MK, Volek, JS, Maresh, CM, Todd, JS, Walrod, BJ, Hyde, PN, Fairman, C, and Best, TM. Body composition in elite strongman competitors. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3326–3330, 2020—The purpose of this descriptive investigation was to characterize a group of elite strongman competitors to document the body composition of this unique population of strength athletes. Data were collected from eligible competitors as part of a health screening program conducted over 5 consecutive years. Imaging was acquired using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), providing total body measures of fat mass, lean mass, and bone mineral content (BMC). Year to year, testing groups showed a homogenous grouping of anthropometric, body composition, and bone density metrics. Composite averages were calculated to provide an anthropometric profile of the elite strongman competitor (N = 18; mean ± SD): age...
Research Interests: Medical Sciences, Anthropometry, Biology, Life Sciences, Kinesiology, and 15 moreMedicine, Biomechanics of strength and conditioning, Power, Exercise Science, Muscle, Strength, Body Size, Medical Physiology, Body Mass Index, Elite, Sports Sciences, Competitor Analysis, Medicine and Health Sciences, Lean Body Mass, and Visceral fat
IntroductionCreatine supplementation has consistently been demonstrated to augment adaptations in body composition, muscle strength and physical function in a variety of apparently healthy older adults and clinical populations. The... more
IntroductionCreatine supplementation has consistently been demonstrated to augment adaptations in body composition, muscle strength and physical function in a variety of apparently healthy older adults and clinical populations. The effects of creatine supplementation and resistance training in individuals with cancer have yet to be investigated. This study aims to examine the effects of creatine supplementation in conjunction with resistance training on body composition, muscle strength and physical function in prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy.Methods and analysisThis is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed to examine the effects of creatine supplementation in addition to resistance training in patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy. Both supplement and placebo groups will receive a 12-week supervised exercise programme comprising resistance training undertaken three times per week. The primary en...
Research Interests: Clinical Trial, Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Creatine, Medicine, and 13 morePhysical Therapy, Placebo, Body Composition, Resistance Training, Strength, Androgen Deprivation Therapy, Weight Training, Randomized Controlled Trial, Hormone Therapy, Medicine and Health Sciences, Muscle mass, Creatine supplementation, and prostate cancer patients
IntroductionA potential link exists between prostate cancer (PCa) disease and treatment and increased inflammatory levels from gut dysbiosis. This study aims to examine if exercise favourably alters gut microbiota in men receiving... more
IntroductionA potential link exists between prostate cancer (PCa) disease and treatment and increased inflammatory levels from gut dysbiosis. This study aims to examine if exercise favourably alters gut microbiota in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for PCa. Specifically, this study will explore whether: (1) exercise improves the composition of gut microbiota and increases the abundance of bacteria associated with health promotion and (2) whether gut health correlates with favourable inflammatory status, bowel function, continence and nausea among patients participating in the exercise intervention.Methods and analysisA single-blinded, two-armed, randomised controlled trial will explore the influence of a 3-month exercise programme (3 days/week) for men with high-risk localised PCa receiving ADT. Sixty patients will be randomly assigned to either exercise intervention or usual care. The primary endpoint (gut health and function assessed via feacal samples) and second...
Research Interests: Cancer, Metabolomics, Life Sciences, Inflammation, Prostate Cancer, and 15 moreMedicine, Gut Microbiota, Exercise Science, Internal Medicine, Resistance, Exercise, Men, Protocol, Androgen Deprivation Therapy, Aerobic, Gut Flora, Medicine and Health Sciences, Sports and Exercise Science, Bowel, and Gut dysbiosis
Research Interests: Oncology, Life Sciences, Creatine, Medicine, Muscle strength, and 13 moreExercise Science, Muscle, Bone, Body Composition, Resistance Training, Strength, Muscle Building, Sports Sciences, Cachexia, Medicine and Health Sciences, Lean Body Mass, Adverse effect, and Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
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Hyde, PN, Kendall, KL, Fairman, CM, Coker, NA, Yarbrough, ME, and Rossi, SJ. Utilization of B-mode ultrasound as a body fat estimate in collegiate football players. J Strength Cond Res 30(12): 3525–3530, 2016—The purpose of the present... more
Hyde, PN, Kendall, KL, Fairman, CM, Coker, NA, Yarbrough, ME, and Rossi, SJ. Utilization of B-mode ultrasound as a body fat estimate in collegiate football players. J Strength Cond Res 30(12): 3525–3530, 2016—The purpose of the present study was to validate a 7-site ultrasound imaging protocol to predict the percent body fat (%BF) in a division I football team. Body composition was estimated by ultrasound, 7-site skinfolds, and the 3-compartment-water (3C-W) model of Siri, using bioimpedance spectroscopy to estimate the total body water and air displacement plethysmography (using BODPOD) to determine the body density. Pearson's product-moment correlation analyses were run to determine correlations between ΣUltrasound and the criterion 3C-W, and between the ΣSkinfold and ΣUltrasound. Strong positive correlations were observed between ΣSkinfold and ΣUltrasound (r = 0.984; p < 0.001). Furthermore, a strong positive correlation was observed between ΣUltrasound and %BF from 3C-W (...
Research Interests: Mathematics, Ultrasound, Physical Education, Medicine, Biomechanics of strength and conditioning, and 15 moreFootball, Humans, Ultrasonography, Body Composition, Male, Young Adult, Athletes, Body water, Standard Error, Reproducibility of Results, Linear Regression, Cross Sectional Studies, Skinfold Thickness, Hydrostatic weighing, and Subcutaneous fat
Purpose:To assess changes in body composition, lumbar-spine bone mineral density (BMD), and rowing performance in collegelevel rowers over a competition season.Methods:Eleven Division I college rowers (mean ± SD 21.4 ± 3.7 y) completed 6... more
Purpose:To assess changes in body composition, lumbar-spine bone mineral density (BMD), and rowing performance in collegelevel rowers over a competition season.Methods:Eleven Division I college rowers (mean ± SD 21.4 ± 3.7 y) completed 6 testing sessions throughout the course of their competition season. Testing included measurements of fat mass, bone-free lean mass (BFLM), body fat (%BF), lumbar-spine BMD, and 2000-m time-trial performance. After preseason testing, rowers participated in a periodized training program, with the addition of resistance training to the traditional aerobic-training program.Results:Significant (P < .05) improvements in %BF, total mass, and BFLM were observed at midseason and postseason compared with preseason. Neither lumbar-spine BMD nor BMC significantly changed over the competitive season (P > .05). Finally, rowing performance (as measured by 2000-m time and average watts achieved) significantly improved at midseason and postseason compared with...
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Background The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the pre-workout supplement Assault™ (MusclePharm, Denver, CO, USA) on upper and lower body muscular endurance, aerobic and anaerobic capacity, and choice reaction time... more
Background The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the pre-workout supplement Assault™ (MusclePharm, Denver, CO, USA) on upper and lower body muscular endurance, aerobic and anaerobic capacity, and choice reaction time in recreationally-trained males. Subjective feelings of energy, fatigue, alertness, and focus were measured to examine associations between psychological factors and human performance. Methods Twelve recreationally-trained males participated in a 3-week investigation (mean +/- SD, age: 28 +/- 5 y, height: 178 +/- 9 cm, weight: 79.2 +/- 15.7 kg, VO2max: 45.7 +/- 7.6 ml/kg/min). Subjects reported to the human performance laboratory on three separate occasions. All participants completed a baseline/familiarization day of testing that included a maximal graded exercise test for the determination of aerobic capacity (VO2max), one-rep maximum (1-RM) for bench and leg press to determine 75% of 1-RM, choice reaction tests, and intermittent critical velocity ...
Research Interests: Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrition, Creatine, Adolescent, Medicine, and 15 moreMuscle strength, Humans, Caffeine, Blood Pressure, Body Composition, Male, Heart rate, Muscles, Exercise, Dietary Supplements, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Amino Acids, Anaerobic Exercise, Oxygen Consumption, and Physical Endurance
2915 Board #376 May 29 9:30 AM 11:00 AM Psychological Distress In Men With Prostate Cancer Undertaking ADT: Results From A 12-month RCT Dennis R. Taaffe, FACSM, Robert U. Newton, Suzanne K. Chambers, Nigel Spry, David Joseph, Ciaran M.... more
2915 Board #376 May 29 9:30 AM 11:00 AM Psychological Distress In Men With Prostate Cancer Undertaking ADT: Results From A 12-month RCT Dennis R. Taaffe, FACSM, Robert U. Newton, Suzanne K. Chambers, Nigel Spry, David Joseph, Ciaran M. Fairman, Daniel A. Galvão, FACSM. Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia. University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia. Email: d.taaffe@ecu.edu.au
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Background: Symptom burden remains a critical concern for individuals with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following the completion of treatment. The most common symptom clusters, dyspnea (shortness of breath) and fatigue,can... more
Background: Symptom burden remains a critical concern for individuals with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following the completion of treatment. The most common symptom clusters, dyspnea (shortness of breath) and fatigue,can contribute to physical decline, reductions in quality of life, and a higher risk of comorbidities and mortality. Dyspnea is a primary limiter of exercise capacity in individuals with lung cancer, resulting in exercise avoidance and an accelerated physical decline. As such, designing resistance training with cluster sets to mitigate symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue may result in improved exercise tolerance. Thus, maintainingthe exercise stimulus via cluster sets, combined with improved tolerance of the exercise, could result in maintenance of physical function and quality of life. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a hybrid-delivery home-based cluster-set resistance training program in individuals with NSCLC...
Targeted Exercise Training for Cancer Patients: Moving beyond Generic Exercise Guidelines in Clinical Oncology Ciaran M Fairman1 and Jesper F Christensen()2,3 1Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, USA 2Center... more
Targeted Exercise Training for Cancer Patients: Moving beyond Generic Exercise Guidelines in Clinical Oncology Ciaran M Fairman1 and Jesper F Christensen()2,3 1Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, USA 2Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark 3Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark © The Authors The field of exercise oncology has rapidly evolved over the past 30 years. Initial investigations of safety and feasibility have progressed towards efficacy and effectiveness trials with a variety of health-related outcomes in mind. More recently, it has been recognized that interventions aimed at modifying physical activity behavior (i.e. behavioral interventions to increase participation in un/structured physical activity) are distinctly different from those aiming to target a clinically relevant outcome (using a specific exercise prescription)...
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Objectives To assess the long-term effects of various exercise modes on psychological distress in men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Patients and methods 135 prostate cancer patients aged 43–90 years on ADT... more
Objectives To assess the long-term effects of various exercise modes on psychological distress in men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Patients and methods 135 prostate cancer patients aged 43–90 years on ADT were randomized to twice weekly supervised impact loading and resistance exercise (ImpRes), supervised aerobic and resistance exercise (AerRes), and usual care/delayed supervised aerobic exercise (DelAer) for 12 months, and completed measures of psychological distress using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18). BSI-18 provides three subscales for anxiety, depression, and somatisation, as well as the global severity index (GSI) where higher scores indicate higher distress. Results Following the intervention, somatization was not different to baseline, however, there were significant interactions (p
Background: Exercise rehabilitation programmes, traditionally involving supervised exercise sessions, have had to rapidly adapt to virtual delivery in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to minimise patient... more
Background: Exercise rehabilitation programmes, traditionally involving supervised exercise sessions, have had to rapidly adapt to virtual delivery in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to minimise patient contacts. In the absence of an effective vaccine, the pandemic is likely to persist in the medium term and during this time it is important that the feasibility and effectiveness of remote solutions is considered. We have previously established the feasibility of the Rehabilitation Strategies following Oesophago-gastric Cancer (ReStOre) intervention - a face to face multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer survivors. This study will examine the feasibility of a virtually delivered 12-week multi-component ReStOre@Home programme. Methods: This single arm feasibility study will recruit 12 patients who have completed curative treatment for oesophago-gastric cancer. Participants will complete the 12-week ReStOre@Home ...
ObjectivesTreatments for prostate cancer such as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), surgery and radiation therapy can adversely affect sexual, urinary and bowel function. Preliminary research has demonstrated the efficacy of exercise to... more
ObjectivesTreatments for prostate cancer such as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), surgery and radiation therapy can adversely affect sexual, urinary and bowel function. Preliminary research has demonstrated the efficacy of exercise to preserve sexual function in men with localised prostate cancer receiving ADT, though this has yet to be investigated in a metastatic setting. We examined the effects of a 12-week exercise programme comprising resistance, aerobic and flexibility training on sexual health and function in men with advanced prostate cancer.MethodsPatients with prostate cancer (70.0±8.4 year; body mass index 28.7±4.0 kg/m2) with bone metastases (rib/thoracic spine, 66.7%; lumbar spine, 43.9%; pelvis, 75.4%; femur, 40.4%; humerus, 24.6%; other sites, 70.2%) were randomly assigned to supervised exercise 3 days/week (n=28) or usual care (n=29). Sexual health and function were assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function, the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Com...
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Background: Scientists are using social media to amplify their scientific impact. As such, researchers are looking for novel ways to engage this medium to promote scientific findings and communicate research to a broader audience. Here,... more
Background: Scientists are using social media to amplify their scientific impact. As such, researchers are looking for novel ways to engage this medium to promote scientific findings and communicate research to a broader audience. Here, we examine the use of a Twitter conference as a means to effectively communicate advances in the field of exercise oncology. Methods: The Exercise Oncology Twitter Conference (ExOncTC) occurred in October 2018. Each presentation consisted of 6 tweets over 15 min. Attendees were able to interact during a presentation via the conference hashtag (#ExOncTC). Registration data were used to characterize presenters and participants while Twitter Analytics/Union Metrics were used to aggregate data to determine engagement and reach. Results: The ExOncTC featured 68 presenters from 13 countries and 48 institutions. Presenters varied in academic background (ranging from undergraduate students [1.5%] to terminal degree holders [46%]) and profession (including re...
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Objective. To compare the effects of a group-mediated cognitive behavioral (GMCB) exercise and dietary (EX+D) intervention with those of standard-of-care (SC) treatment on select social cognitive outcomes in prostate cancer (PCa) patients... more
Objective. To compare the effects of a group-mediated cognitive behavioral (GMCB) exercise and dietary (EX+D) intervention with those of standard-of-care (SC) treatment on select social cognitive outcomes in prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Methods. In the single-blind, 2-arm, randomized controlled Individualized Diet and Exercise Adherence–Pilot (IDEA-P) trial, 32 PCa patients (mean age = 66.2 years; SD = 7.8) undergoing ADT were randomly assigned to a 12-week EX+D intervention (n = 16) or SC treatment (n = 16). The exercise component of the personalized EX+D intervention integrated a combination of supervised resistance and aerobic exercise performed twice per week. The dietary component involved counseling and education to modify dietary intake and composition. Blinded assessments of social cognitive outcomes were obtained at baseline and 2-month and 3-month follow-up. Results. Intent-to-treat analysis of covariance demonstrated that t...
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Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a multidimensional subcomponent of quality of life involving subjective appraisal of various dimensions of one’s life that can be affected by health or health-related interventions. There is... more
Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a multidimensional subcomponent of quality of life involving subjective appraisal of various dimensions of one’s life that can be affected by health or health-related interventions. There is considerable evidence demonstrating that exercise consistently results in meaningful improvements in an array of HRQL outcomes. Advances in the conceptualization of HRQL and recent evidence identifying select moderators and mediators of the effects of upon HRQL outcomes have important implications for the design and delivery of exercise interventions. Taken collectively, contemporary findings support the utility of adopting a hierarchical, bottom-up approach to the investigation of the effects of exercise upon HRQL.
Although androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is the foundation of treatment for prostate cancer, the physiological impacts of ADT result in functional decline and enhanced risk of chronic disease and metabolic syndrome. The Individualized... more
Although androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is the foundation of treatment for prostate cancer, the physiological impacts of ADT result in functional decline and enhanced risk of chronic disease and metabolic syndrome. The Individualized Diet and Exercise Adherence Pilot Trial (IDEA-P) is a single-blind, randomized, pilot trial comparing the effects of a group-mediated, cognitive-behavioral (GMCB) exercise and dietary intervention (EX+D) with those of a standard-of-care (SC) control during the treatment of prostate cancer patients undergoing ADT. A total of 32 prostate cancer patients (M age = 66.28, SD = 7.79) undergoing ADT were randomly assigned to the 12-week EX+D intervention (n = 16) or control (n = 16). The primary outcome in IDEA-P was change in mobility performance with secondary outcomes including body composition and muscular strength. Blinded assessment of outcomes were obtained at baseline and at 2- and 3-month follow-ups. Favorable adherence and retention rates were ob...