Lajos Juhasz
Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Faculty Member
- Archaeology, Iconography, Ancient numismatics (Archaeology), Ancient Roman Numismatics, Ancient Greek Numismatics, Roman numismatics and archaeology, and 42 moreRoman Iconography, Roman Provincial Coinage, Classical Archaeology, Archaeology of Roman Pannonia, Numismatics, Propaganda, Iconography of ancient coins, Heraldry and Vexillology, Viminacium, Roman History, Ancient Rome, Imperial Rome, Monetary history, History of Diplomacy, Visual propaganda, Roman Art, Roman Architecture, Roman Archaeology, Glyptics, Roman Glyptics and Jewelry, Engraved gems, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Archaeology of Germanic tribes (Roman period), Ancient Greek Iconography, Roman coins, Ancient Greek and Roman Art, Roman Provincial Archaeology, Augustus, Roman Imperial Coins, Ancient Coins, Visual Communication, Greek and Roman Coinage, Roman Provincial coins, Coins finds as archaeological artefacts, Coin Hoards, Metal Finds (Archaeology), Roman Republican Coinage, Ancient Numismatics, Roman Republican Numismatics, Coins, Monnaies gauloises, Greek and Celtic Coins, and Gallic Empire Coinageedit
A rare medallion minted in Byzantium by Gordian III was discovered in the legionary camp of Brigetio. This rare find further strengthens the importance of the Thracian medallions in Brigetio as part of decorative souvenirs of the military... more
A rare medallion minted in Byzantium by Gordian III was discovered in the legionary camp of Brigetio. This rare find further strengthens the importance of the Thracian medallions in Brigetio as part of decorative souvenirs of the military campaigns in the east at the end of the 2nd and first half of the 3rd c.
Research Interests:
The canabae of Brigetio is the least known part of the ancient city, where until recently no systematic research has been conducted. This changed in 2014 when rescue excavations were commenced next to the Danube at Szőny-Dunapart due to... more
The canabae of Brigetio is the least known part of the ancient city, where until recently no systematic research has been conducted. This changed in 2014 when rescue excavations were commenced next to the Danube at Szőny-Dunapart due to the construction of flood control dam between Komárom and Almásfüzitő. Here the most interesting find was already made in the first year with the discovery of the first Roman baths in Brigetio. The next year east of this complex two horrea were identified. The excavations were carried out for another two years until 2017, which brought 231 coins to light.
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Since 2015, excavations have been carried out in different parts of the legionary fortress in Brigetio. Due to the systematic geophysical surveys of the praetentura, a large building complex came to light, which could be identified as... more
Since 2015, excavations have been carried out in different parts of the legionary fortress in Brigetio. Due to the systematic geophysical surveys of the praetentura, a large building complex came to light, which could be identified as the bath of the fortress, even before the fieldworks started in the territory. In the area of this building complex, the excavations started in 2021, and continued in the next two years. Now, an approximately 1800 m2 surface of the bath is excavated. During the last season of the fieldwork several heated and unheated rooms and three new (possible) pools and four praefurnia were unearthed. The north-eastern closure of the bath was identified, and parts of the northern apses of the basilica thermarum were unearthed. A huge number of coins and bronze small finds were discovered, and thanks to the brick stamps, some new data have become available on troop movements and military history of the Pannonian ripa.
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Brigetio, along the Danube limes, was one of the four legionary bases of Pannonia and, thus, one of the most important settlements of the province. The last excavation season so far, conducted by the Eötvös Loránd University and the... more
Brigetio, along the Danube limes, was one of the four legionary bases of Pannonia
and, thus, one of the most important settlements of the province. The last excavation season so
far, conducted by the Eötvös Loránd University and the Klapka György Museum of Komárom,
was in 2016. The finds from previous years have been published year by year from 2010. This
paper presents a catalogue and evaluation of the finds of the last, 2016, excavation campaign.
and, thus, one of the most important settlements of the province. The last excavation season so
far, conducted by the Eötvös Loránd University and the Klapka György Museum of Komárom,
was in 2016. The finds from previous years have been published year by year from 2010. This
paper presents a catalogue and evaluation of the finds of the last, 2016, excavation campaign.
Research Interests:
Brigetio, along the Danube limes, was one of the four legionary bases of Pannonia and, thus, one of the most important settlements of the province. The last excavation season so far, conducted by the Eötvös Loránd University and the... more
Brigetio, along the Danube limes, was one of the four legionary bases of Pannonia and, thus, one of the most important settlements of the province. The last excavation season so far, conducted by the Eötvös Loránd University and the Klapka György Museum of Komárom, was in 2016. The finds from previous years have been published year by year from 2010. This paper presents a catalogue and evaluation of the finds of the last, 2016, excavation campaign.
Research Interests:
The small statuette of a bound barbarian from a Hungarian private collection is an interesting addition to the small group of these similar, although unusually harsh Roman representations of their foes. Although without a known findspot... more
The small statuette of a bound barbarian from a Hungarian private collection is an interesting addition to the small group of these similar, although unusually harsh Roman representations of their foes. Although without a known findspot it further strengthens the previous suppositions that these were made and used for an unknown purpose at the limes, their greatest concentration being in Carnuntum.
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Békésszentandrás-Fabó-tanyán egy késő szarmata sírba temetett nő fején négy szarmata érmet viselt fejdíszként, holdsarlót és csillagokat mintázó hátlappal. Az ilyen vereteket már korábban is amulettként interpretálta a tudomány, amely... more
Békésszentandrás-Fabó-tanyán egy késő szarmata sírba temetett nő fején négy szarmata érmet viselt fejdíszként, holdsarlót és csillagokat mintázó hátlappal. Az ilyen vereteket már korábban is amulettként interpretálta a tudomány, amely összhangban áll a lunulák elterjedtségével ezen népesség körében. Az együttes külön érdekessége, hogy az eltemetett nő az érmeket a férfiportréval kifelé viselte.Four perforated Sarmatian coins were uncovered on the forehead of a Sarmatian woman in a late Sarmatian grave at Békésszentandrás-Fabó-tanya. All coins have a crescent moon and stars on their reverses, correlates with the widespread use of lunulae by this population. Fortunately, it was possible to determine that the woman wore the coins with the male portraits facing outwards.
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The Cape of Shabla, located 6 km east of the town with the same name, has a very rich archaeological history of some 2,500 years. The research in this area started quite early, in the late 19th century, and became more intense in the... more
The Cape of Shabla, located 6 km east of the town with the same name, has a very rich archaeological history of some 2,500 years. The research in this area started quite early, in the late 19th century, and became more intense in the second half of the 20th century. In the last two years, Bulgarian archaeologists were joined by a group of Hungarian colleagues and established fruitful cooperation.
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Soós, E.–Juhász, L.: Római kori leletek a Börzsönyből. A keleti kvád temetkezések kérdése/Roman-period finds from the Börzsöny mountains: reflections on the eastern quadic burials. Artificia Mirabilia. Tanulmányok Vaday Andrea tiszteletére/Studies in honour of Andrea Vaday. Budapest, 2022, 309-336.more
Described and discussed here are the Roman-period finds discovered during metal detecting surveys in the Nagybörzsöny area. In addition to a Late Iron Age tetradrachm, four other coins can be dated to the 2nd and 4th centuries AD. The... more
Described and discussed here are the Roman-period finds discovered during metal detecting surveys in the Nagybörzsöny area. In addition to a Late Iron Age tetradrachm, four other coins can be dated to the 2nd and 4th centuries AD. The phalera decorated with a Gorgon head and the rare provincial brooches as well as those of the Barbaricum can be regarded as stray finds, while the iron scissors and the spur from Nagybörzsöny-Zálog-bérc probably originate from a burial.
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A child in the Late Sarmatian cemetery at Békésszentandrás-Fabó-tanya was buried with two Sarmatian coin imitations. Both coins were struck with the same obverse die and the reverses of both were decorated with stars and a crescent. The... more
A child in the Late Sarmatian cemetery at Békésszentandrás-Fabó-tanya was buried with two Sarmatian coin imitations. Both coins were struck with the same obverse die and the reverses of both were decorated with stars and a crescent. The archaeological context of such coins is rarely known, although a few have been recovered from graves. For example, another burial in the same cemetery also contained some, confirming the assumption that these coins with a moon-and-star and crescent reverse served as amulets.
Research Interests: Numismatics, Ancient numismatics (Archaeology), Roman numismatics and archaeology, Ancient Roman Numismatics, Roman numismatics, and 8 moreAncient Coins, Amulets, Sarmatians, Barbaricum, Grave Goods, Barbarians and Romans in Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages, Archaeology: Roman Imperial Period (Barbaricum) Migration Period., and Roman coin imitations
The personifications of lands and rivers were an integral part of ancient Greek and Roman art and were employed masterfully in the official propaganda throughout antiquity. There were ones that reflected the greatness of the fatherland or... more
The personifications of lands and rivers were an integral part of ancient Greek and Roman art and were employed masterfully in the official propaganda throughout antiquity. There were ones that reflected the greatness of the fatherland or the own empire, while others glorified victories over foreign territories. Through the centuries new ones constantly appeared and transformed, often taking elements from one another, and eventually disappeared forever in accordance with historical changes. The fascinating history of these images would exceed the length of any paper, so here only an interesting connection between Alamannia, Francia and Armenia will be discussed.
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An exceptional find of a so-called Sarmatian coin imitation in the form of a lead amulet came to light at Martfű. The obverse is decorated with a bust facing left, the reverse with the usual crescent and star motif. The piece is cast with... more
An exceptional find of a so-called Sarmatian coin imitation in the form of a lead amulet came to light at Martfű. The obverse is decorated with a bust facing left, the reverse with the usual crescent and star motif. The piece is cast with a loop and an elaborate frame decoration with segmented rims resembling Roman disc fibulae that were popular with the Sarmatians. These types of coins have so far been known only as pierced or looped copper alloy coins primarily from in the Middle Tisza region, although finds outside the Carpathian Basin have also been recently discovered. This new elaborate piece sheds new light on the role and significance of the Sarmatian coin
imitations in their society
imitations in their society
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Ancient coins from the Hungarian part of the Ipoly (Ipel) River were almost completely unknown until the activity of the museum friendly metal detectorists in the last decade. They managed to collect 109 coins and two lead seals ranging... more
Ancient coins from the Hungarian part of the Ipoly (Ipel) River were almost completely unknown until the activity of the museum friendly metal detectorists in the last decade. They managed to collect 109 coins and two lead seals ranging from the 4th c. BC to the 11th c. AD that greatly increase our knowledge of this region. The addition is also considerable when compared with the results from the other side of the river, published earlier by the Slovakian colleagues. The Celtic coins show the contacts of this region in all directions. The Roman era reflects the usual picture with the 2ndc. denarii and an almost equal amount of 3rd specimens. The 4th c. pieces also the most numerous especially at Ipolytölgyes and Vámosmikola, the latter one also presenting 5th c. Roman coins that rare in Pannonia herself. The region was still lively in the later period what the four Byzantine specimens, all of copper, testify. This interesting numismatic data bear evidence that the lower reaches of the Ipoly River is a far richer and exciting region than we were previously led to believe.
Research Interests: Numismatics, Roman numismatics and archaeology, Ancient Greek Numismatics, Ancient Roman Numismatics, Celtic numismatics, and 6 moreCoins finds as archaeological artefacts, Barbaricum, Ancient Greek and Roman Numismatics, Barbarians and Romans in Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages, Ancient Celtic Numismatics, and Coin Finds Barbaricum
Already in the middle of the 20th c. Barkóczi László and András Kerényi pointed out that there are a surprisingly high number of Greek provincial medallions discovered in Brigetio (Komárom-Szőny), primarily minted in Thrace. This paper... more
Already in the middle of the 20th c. Barkóczi László and András Kerényi pointed out that there are a surprisingly high number of Greek provincial medallions discovered in Brigetio (Komárom-Szőny), primarily minted in Thrace. This paper adds four new coins recently discovered to the extensive material already published. Fortunately, their findspots are also known, thus giving new insight in the use and diffusion of the provincial medallions.
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Az Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem számos régi és értékes gyűjteménnyel rendelkezik, amelyek közül kiemelkedik az Éremtár, azaz Numophylacium. Több mint kétszázötven éves múltjával és 20 000 darabjával a világon máig fennálló egyetemi... more
Az Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem számos régi és értékes gyűjteménnyel rendelkezik, amelyek közül kiemelkedik az Éremtár, azaz Numophylacium. Több mint kétszázötven éves múltjával és 20 000 darabjával a világon máig fennálló egyetemi éremkollekciók között is kiemelkedő gyűjteménynek számít. A hosszú története során ért különböző változások révén az elmúlt időszakban az egykori dicső múltjához képest némileg feledésbe merült, pedig az egyetem joggal lehet büszke máig megmaradt kincseire.
The Coin Cabinet of the Eötvös Loránd University was founded in 1753 by the Jesuits at Nagyszombat (modern day Trnva) as support material for the studies in history. Today it has only about 20 000 pieces and is the fifth largest in Hungary. This still enables it to fulfil the founders’ intention as an auxiliary educational tool.
The Coin Cabinet of the Eötvös Loránd University was founded in 1753 by the Jesuits at Nagyszombat (modern day Trnva) as support material for the studies in history. Today it has only about 20 000 pieces and is the fifth largest in Hungary. This still enables it to fulfil the founders’ intention as an auxiliary educational tool.
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Systematic excavations in the municipium of Brigetio have been carried out since 1992. More than twenty years of research have yielded sufficient numismatic material to analyze monetary circulation of one of the most important cities on... more
Systematic excavations in the municipium of Brigetio have been carried out since 1992. More than twenty years of research have yielded sufficient numismatic material to analyze monetary circulation of one of the most important cities on the Pannonian limes. The coin finds cover a time span from end of the 2nd to the middle of the 3rd century, which is not surprising in itself. It is interesting to observe the end of circulation, with a complete lack of coins of Valerian and Gallienus, otherwise so numerous elsewhere. Another interesting fact is the absence of any destruction layer whatsoever. Monetary circulation within the municipium is in strong contrast to a coin hoard found nearby and also ending in the middle of the 3rd century. However, this unexplained abrupt break in the monetary circulation seems not to be just of local character, but a rather widespread sensation that led to a considerable reshaping of civil settlements in the north of the province.
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The metal detectorist activity in cooperation with the Damjanich János Museum Szolnok in recent years has provided a great number of ancient coins. The 159 restored so far fit well into the previously outlined tendencies, although the... more
The metal detectorist activity in cooperation with the Damjanich János Museum Szolnok in recent years has provided a great number of ancient coins. The 159 restored so far fit well into the previously outlined tendencies, although the considerable number minted by the rulers of the Valentinian dynasty differ from these. The two Sarmatian coins are an important addition to the research on this subject. The find location of the ancient coins are key to more fully comprehend the role and spread of these valuable artefacts among the Sarmatians.
Research Interests: Numismatics, Ancient numismatics (Archaeology), Roman numismatics and archaeology, Ancient Roman Numismatics, Coins finds as archaeological artefacts, and 6 moreSarmatians, Barbaricum, Coin Finds, Barbarians and Romans in Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages, Coin Finds Barbaricum, and Roman Archaeology
2017 nyarán az M44-es gyorsforgalmi út megelő-ző ásatásának részeként a szarvasi Tessedik Sámuel Múzeum munkatársai tárták fel a Békés-szentandrás déli részén fekvő Fabó-tanya 72. le-lőhelyet. A Szarka József vezette ásatások össze-sen 34... more
2017 nyarán az M44-es gyorsforgalmi út megelő-ző ásatásának részeként a szarvasi Tessedik Sámuel Múzeum munkatársai tárták fel a Békés-szentandrás déli részén fekvő Fabó-tanya 72. le-lőhelyet. A Szarka József vezette ásatások össze-sen 34 késő szarmata (köztük 2 körárkos) és 3 kérdéses korú szarmata sírt, valamint 14 hulla-déktároló méhkas alakú gödröt, illetve árkokat fedeztek fel. 1 A teljes római éremanyag azonosí-tásával a múzeum régésze, Benus Ferenc keresett meg, egy akkor készülő szakdolgozathoz kap-csolódóan, amelyet idővel egy hosszabb távú együttműködéssé fejlesztettünk tovább. Az egyik bolygatott, ám gazdagabb DNY-ÉK irányú sírban (SNR-186, OBJ-65) a háton fekvő, nyújtott női csontváz feltehetően lepelbe volt csa-varva, amelynek nyomai a láb közötti részen ma-radtak meg. A sírba számos mellékletet helyez
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During the Roman period, Germanic (Quadi) population settled in the valley of the Ipoly River. The locations of their sites are known thanks to earlier topographical research; however, a detailed evaluation of excavated archaeological... more
During the Roman period, Germanic (Quadi) population settled in the valley of the Ipoly River. The locations of their sites are known thanks to earlier topographical research; however, a detailed evaluation of excavated archaeological assemblages has not been accomplished until recently. Since 2017, we conducted new archaeological investigations at the Ipolytölgyes-TSz-major site. Based on finds recovered from excavations and non-destructive surveys, we were able to draw a picture of the communities settling in the border zone of Pannonia in a more nuanced manner than ever before.
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Az Ipoly folyó völgyében a római korban germán kvád csoportok telepedtek meg. A lelőhelyek elhelyezkedését a topográfiai munkák alapján jól ismerjük, de a feltárt leletegyüttesek részletes kiértékelése egyelőre hiányzott.... more
Az Ipoly folyó völgyében a római korban germán kvád csoportok telepedtek meg. A lelőhelyek elhelyezkedését a topográfiai munkák alapján jól ismerjük, de a feltárt leletegyüttesek részletes kiértékelése egyelőre hiányzott. Ipolytölgyes-TSz-major lelőhelyen 2017-től lehetőségünk nyílt újabb régészeti kutatásokat folytatni. A feltárt leletanyag és a non-destruktív kutatások során előkerült tárgyak alapján a korábban ismertnél gazdagabb képet kapunk egy Pannonia határán élt germán közösségről.
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A Byzantine follis minted by Justin II in Cyzicus came to light thanks to metal detectors in 2013 in the western part of the civil town of Aquincum. Such finds are rare in Hungary, especially with findspot, but specifically this type has... more
A Byzantine follis minted by Justin II in Cyzicus came to light thanks to metal detectors in 2013 in the western part of the civil town of Aquincum. Such finds are rare in Hungary, especially with findspot, but specifically this type has never been found in the Carpathian-basin before. The folles of Justin II are the most common, but still only 18 were previously known from this territory. This coin is the first Byzantine follis from Aquincum, but despite its GPS locations, nothing can be stated about the context, which was disturbed.
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In 1949 a coin hoard consisting of 41 silver pieces came to light in the civil town of Aquincum only a few meters from the museum building but lay unpublished for seven decades. The hoard ending in 260 primarily contains coins from the... more
In 1949 a coin hoard consisting of 41 silver pieces came to light in the civil town of Aquincum only a few meters from the museum building but lay unpublished for seven decades. The hoard ending in 260 primarily contains coins from the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus, a period surprisingly underrepresented in the coin material of Aquincum’s civil town. The find fits well into a considerable series of coin hoards deposited around this time, a tendency previously noticed by several scholars. These coins contain important information on the general uncertainties in Pannonia leading to significant changes in every aspect of life. Such was the abandonment of the civil town, which was part of a general trend seen in the whole of the province.
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It has long been suggested by various scholars that there was a war between the Roman Empire and the German tribes on the Pannonian frontier in the years around 140 A.D. However, Aelius Caesar’s campaign in 137 must only have been of a... more
It has long been suggested by various scholars that there was a war between the Roman Empire and the German tribes on the Pannonian frontier in the years around 140 A.D. However, Aelius Caesar’s campaign in 137 must only have been of a minor scale, and had only propagandistic reasons, i.e. to prove the suitability of the heir to the throne. On the other hand T. Haterius Nepos did not receive his ornamenta triumphalia for his deeds in Pannonia, but for his role in the suppression of the Bar Kochba revolt. Despite the fact that the rex datus coins all signify the same thing, the inauguration of a foreign king by Rome’s approval, there are major differences not only in their depictions but also in their meaning. The ones of Trajan and Lucius Verus are almost identical, since they bear the same message: a military victory. Antoninus Pius had to create a new reverse design, because he managed to appoint kings through diplomatic negotiations. These are, however, regarded as minor successes, compared to the military ones, so these are not mentioned by the literary sources. In what way did the inauguration of the Quad king contribute to the Marcomannic wars is still unknown.
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The gold hoard found in 1994 in Víziváros south of Aquincum was only briefly published by M. Torbágyi. The 9 aurei from Tiberius to Vespasian, closing in 71 AD were most likely hidden around the middle of the 70s. New data on the find... more
The gold hoard found in 1994 in Víziváros south of Aquincum was only briefly published by M. Torbágyi. The 9 aurei from Tiberius to Vespasian, closing in 71 AD were most likely hidden around the middle of the 70s. New data on the find context make it likely that it was hidden within the camp of the ala I Hispanorum Auriana, which was stationed there from 69 to the end of the 80s.
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22 perforated coins were excavated in the Aquincum-Graphisoft cemetery, the eastern graveyard of the civil town, primarily found in child graves. This is surprising compared to the general scarcity of these pierced coins in... more
22 perforated coins were excavated in the Aquincum-Graphisoft cemetery, the eastern graveyard of the civil town, primarily found in child graves. This is surprising compared to the general scarcity of these pierced coins in larger numbers. Most peculiar are the coins with three perforations that are diffcult to interpret, and are mostly found on the Middle anubianlimes. The closest parallels are from the Viminacian cemeteries in Moesia Superior, where a large number were deposited in child graves. In several cases these perforated coins formed part of a necklace or bracelet that were given as toys and protection to the infants, since they were more exposed to harm.
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Az ókori Római Birodalom egyik legfőbb ellensége a germánok voltak, akik ezért sokszor foglalkoztatták Róma vezetőit és lakóit egyaránt. Különösen a velük szomszédos határvidék hétköznapjait befolyásolták erősen a Duna túloldalán lakók.... more
Az ókori Római Birodalom egyik legfőbb ellensége a germánok voltak, akik ezért sokszor foglalkoztatták Róma vezetőit és lakóit egyaránt. Különösen a velük szomszédos határvidék hétköznapjait befolyásolták erősen a Duna túloldalán lakók. Nem csoda tehát, hogy a germán téma a művészet különböző szintjein is megjelent. A legszebb alkotások bronzban készültek, amelyek legnagyobb koncentrálódása Pannonia területén figyelhető meg. A Római Birodalom és a szomszédos népek viszonya nagyon változó volt, amelyet a történetírók beszá-molóin túl, a régészeti leletanyagon keresztül is egyre jobban ismerünk. A tárgyak viszont nemcsak a források-ban annyiszor említett háborúkra, hanem a békés együttélésre és kereskedelemre is bizonyítékok. Róma és a központi hatalom mindenkori győzedelmességi igényének terjesztése volt a legeklatánsabb módja a barbárok megjelenítésének, amelynek története meglehetősen régre nyúlik vissza (Ostrowski, 1990; Östenberg, 2009). Az idegen népek nyilvánvalóan a határ menti római lakosság hétköznapjait befolyásolták leginkább, akik a leletanyag tanúsága szerint nem egysíkúan ítélték meg a barbárokat. Az idegenekkel való viszony meghatáro-zását a római művészet egyik sajátos csoportján, a barbárok ábrázolásain lehet a legjobban tetten érni. Ezek gyakran nagyon sematikus képek, amelynek legfőbb célja a császár és a római hadsereg győzedelmességének hirdetése volt, ennek megfelelően sokszor a megjelenített ellenség sem bírt különösebb ismertetőjegyekkel. Megelégedtek a civilizált görög-római világ ellentétének toposzokra épülő leképezésével. Érdekes módon azon-ban van ezeknek egy olyan csoportja is, amelyek az idegen népek decens megjelenítései. Ezek közül jelen cikk a germánok kisplasztikában való ábrázolásaival foglalkozik, amelyek elsősorban Pannoniára koncentrálódnak. Brigetioi leletek A téma nem új keletű (Schumacher, 1935; Járdányi-Paulovics, 1945), ám aktualitását az új ásatásokon előkerült darabok adják, amelyek az ELTE Ókori Régészeti Tanszékének komárom-szőnyi tanásatásán kerül-tek elő. A régészeti kutatások az ókori Brigetio polgárvárosában zajlottak, a mai Vásártér területén. Innen az első germánt ábrázoló bronztárgy 2009-ben került elő egy római pincéből egyéb sittel, amellyel azt még az ókorban feltöltötték (Borhy és Számadó, 2010; Bartus, 2011). A 4,75 cm magas és 4,1 cm széles büszt egy szakállas férfit ábrázol, amelyet alul 5 levél ölel körbe. A fej bal oldala szinte teljes mértékben lekopott, a jobb oldali halántéknál jellegzetes germán hajfonat figyelhető meg (Juhász, 2014). A mellkason keresztbe futó vonalak ruhát mintáznak. Az elnagyoltan kidolgozott mellkép egészén erős kopásnyomok figyelhetők meg. A hátoldalon egy 0,4 × 0,4 mm nagyságú négyszögletes lyuk található, amely egy szöggel való felerősítésnek a helye, ám eredeti felhasználási helye ezáltal nem tisztázott.
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A puzzling plated republican denarius was found decades ago in the civil town of Aquincum. Due to its worn state its identification was troublesome, but it turned out to be an imitation of M. Furius’ coin minted in 119 BC. It is unique... more
A puzzling plated republican denarius was found decades ago in the civil town of Aquincum. Due to its
worn state its identification was troublesome, but it turned out to be an imitation of M. Furius’ coin minted
in 119 BC. It is unique for Aquincum, and also quite rare in Pannonia, which raises a number of questions.
Even more perplexing are the two mountings on the obverse, which served to fasten the coin to some other
object. It is unfortunately impossible to tell, when and why this 2nd century BC plated denarius appeared in
the 2–3rd centuries AD civil town.
worn state its identification was troublesome, but it turned out to be an imitation of M. Furius’ coin minted
in 119 BC. It is unique for Aquincum, and also quite rare in Pannonia, which raises a number of questions.
Even more perplexing are the two mountings on the obverse, which served to fasten the coin to some other
object. It is unfortunately impossible to tell, when and why this 2nd century BC plated denarius appeared in
the 2–3rd centuries AD civil town.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Romanisation has been studied on various levels from the material culture to the different social, economic or religious aspects. The main questions were how and in what way the Roman culture penetrated the everyday life in the provinces,... more
Romanisation has been studied on various levels from the material culture to the different social, economic or religious aspects. The main questions were how and in what way the Roman culture penetrated the everyday life in the provinces, i.e. from the local point of view. But how did Rome or its rulers perceive the progress of Romanisation? How can this be traced and what kind of a picture – realistic or idealistic – does this reveal to us? There are some special representations, the personifications of provinces that reflect exactly this.
Research Interests:
Systematic excavations in the civil town of Brigetio have started in 1992, carried out by the Department of Classical and Roman Archaeology of Eötvös Loránd University and the Klapka György Museum of Komárom. Main aims of the excavation... more
Systematic excavations in the civil town of
Brigetio have started in 1992, carried out by the
Department of Classical and Roman Archaeology
of Eötvös Loránd University and the Klapka György
Museum of Komárom. Main aims of the excavation
campaign of 2015 were to finish the excavation of
the cellar and a large pit nearby which have been
found in 2012–2013. The total excavated area in
2015 was approximately 150 m2.
The collapsed wooden ceiling of the cellar was
covered with a temporary wooden roof after the
excavation campaign of 2014. The first task of the
excavation in 2015 was removing this roof, then
cleaning and conserving the Roman wooden ceiling.
After the conservation of the wooden planks they
were taken out by restorers, then we started the
excavation of the lowest layers of the cellar. In a
depth of approximately 170 cm from the original
ceiling level, a very large amount of pottery
have been found on the floor of the cellar. It was
concentrated to the southern end of the cellar, where
the collapsed wooden ceiling was missing, which
indicates that originally there was an opening on
that side of the ceiling used as an entrance to the
cellar. After the cellar had been abandoned, but
before the collapse of the ceiling, a large amount of
pottery – including a lot of terra sigillata vessels
– and other rubbish was thrown down the floor of
the cellar through the entrance opening. The „other
rubbish” was surprisingly includes a Roman bronze
cavalry parade helmet, which is one of the most
extraordinary finds of the last years in Brigetio. In
the northern half of the cellar, under the collapsed
ceiling, an amphora of type Dressel 20 has been
found, which was originally served as a container
for olive oil from Baetica. Some of the tituli picti
were also preserved on the surface of the amphora.
Some metres southeast to the cellar a large pit
measuring 5×4 m has been found earlier, which
contained a huge amount of iron slags weighing
hundreds of kilograms, as well as bronze brooches,
bone hairpins and a lot of pottery. It could be
served as a waste pit related to nearby ironworking
activities. In a depth of more than three metres,
we have surprisingly found remains of stone walls
next to and parallel with the northern and southern
clay walls of the pit, which means that the pit was
originally a cellar with stone walls. The walls of
the cellar were systematically taken out as building
material after the abandonment of the cellar,
only the lower rows of the wall remained. After that,
the pit was filled up with the waste material of the
nearby metal workshop.
Besides the above-mentioned find material, a
bronze figurine of Amor should be mentioned. It
has been found in a 3rd century AD demolition layer
consisted of bricks and tiles, obviously in secondary
position. The figurine belonged most probably to a
household shrine in a neighbouring building.
In 2015 were 4201 ceramic fragments found wich
belong to the local and regional (pannonien) pottery
types. The percentage of these: 62% grey coarse
pottery, 20% self-colored pottery, 4% imitation of
the Pompeian red ware, 4% colour coated pottery,
3% pottery with colour-coated horizontal bands,
2% Firnisware-Imitation, 2% mortaria, 1% marbled
ware, 1% Pannonian grey slip ware with stampeddecoration, 1% incenser bowl, less than 1% handmade
pottery and face pots.
In 2015 were 190 glass fragments found in the
civil town of Brigetio. Among the glass fragments
the drinking vessels were dominate (40%), the
second group was the storage and container vessels,
only bottles were present in more significant
numbers (36% of the total), unguentaria occur less
frequently (13%). Finally a unique, stamped square
bottle base should be mentioned (the inscription as
follows: letter CL, A, CP, P). The base mark seems to
be something special: as for the symbol, the lozenge
inside a cercle, there are paralleles. They are used
by Claudia Italia and by Salvius Gratus as well as
by a person, who signed C/N/PG. There is a second
stamped square bottle from the cellar of the civil
town of Brigetio. (In 2014 came to light the other
base of a mould-blown square bottle with stamp “L
PVBLIC”.)
In this year the type of the import ceramics and
oil lamps are similar to the finds of the previous
years, except an early roman glazed pottery which
has been found on the floor of the cellar. This kind
of ceramic is relatively rare in Brigetio and in Pannonia.
The excavation revealed 493 terra sigillata
sherds, of which seven was imported from
Northern Italy, another seven was South Gaulish,
137 was Central Gaulish and from East Gaul
only two fragments. The material also contains
159 terra sigillata from Rheinzabern, 117 sherds
from Westerndorf and 10 from Pfaffenhofen. In
conclusion, the findings can be dated between the
2nd half of the 1st century AD and the middle of the
3rd century AD.
Two amphora fragments were found during
the excavations of the civil town of Brigetio in 2015.
Both amphorae contained olive oil: the product
stored in the Dressel 6B type vessel was imported
from the Istrian peninsula between the last quarter
of the 1st century AD and the first quarter of the 2nd
century AD. The Dressel 20 type amphora recovered
from the cellar demonstrates that the inhabitants
consumed Hispanian olive oil which arrived from
the Guadalquivir valley between the first quarter
of the 2nd c entury A D a nd t he b eginning o f t he 3 rd
century AD.
Only one fibula was found in 2015. It belongs
to „Hülsenspiralfibeln mit gegabeltem Bügel” and
it can be dated from the end of the 2nd century AD
to the beginning/third quarter of the 3rd century
AD. This fibula type was basically worn by roman
soldiers.
In 2015 altogether 20 coins were uncovered, of
which unfortunately only 7 were identifiable due
to the very bad preservation. This is owed to an
ancient fire after which the debris was used to fill
up the second cellar. The exposure to the extreme
heat caused most of the coins to deteriorate beyond
Brigetio have started in 1992, carried out by the
Department of Classical and Roman Archaeology
of Eötvös Loránd University and the Klapka György
Museum of Komárom. Main aims of the excavation
campaign of 2015 were to finish the excavation of
the cellar and a large pit nearby which have been
found in 2012–2013. The total excavated area in
2015 was approximately 150 m2.
The collapsed wooden ceiling of the cellar was
covered with a temporary wooden roof after the
excavation campaign of 2014. The first task of the
excavation in 2015 was removing this roof, then
cleaning and conserving the Roman wooden ceiling.
After the conservation of the wooden planks they
were taken out by restorers, then we started the
excavation of the lowest layers of the cellar. In a
depth of approximately 170 cm from the original
ceiling level, a very large amount of pottery
have been found on the floor of the cellar. It was
concentrated to the southern end of the cellar, where
the collapsed wooden ceiling was missing, which
indicates that originally there was an opening on
that side of the ceiling used as an entrance to the
cellar. After the cellar had been abandoned, but
before the collapse of the ceiling, a large amount of
pottery – including a lot of terra sigillata vessels
– and other rubbish was thrown down the floor of
the cellar through the entrance opening. The „other
rubbish” was surprisingly includes a Roman bronze
cavalry parade helmet, which is one of the most
extraordinary finds of the last years in Brigetio. In
the northern half of the cellar, under the collapsed
ceiling, an amphora of type Dressel 20 has been
found, which was originally served as a container
for olive oil from Baetica. Some of the tituli picti
were also preserved on the surface of the amphora.
Some metres southeast to the cellar a large pit
measuring 5×4 m has been found earlier, which
contained a huge amount of iron slags weighing
hundreds of kilograms, as well as bronze brooches,
bone hairpins and a lot of pottery. It could be
served as a waste pit related to nearby ironworking
activities. In a depth of more than three metres,
we have surprisingly found remains of stone walls
next to and parallel with the northern and southern
clay walls of the pit, which means that the pit was
originally a cellar with stone walls. The walls of
the cellar were systematically taken out as building
material after the abandonment of the cellar,
only the lower rows of the wall remained. After that,
the pit was filled up with the waste material of the
nearby metal workshop.
Besides the above-mentioned find material, a
bronze figurine of Amor should be mentioned. It
has been found in a 3rd century AD demolition layer
consisted of bricks and tiles, obviously in secondary
position. The figurine belonged most probably to a
household shrine in a neighbouring building.
In 2015 were 4201 ceramic fragments found wich
belong to the local and regional (pannonien) pottery
types. The percentage of these: 62% grey coarse
pottery, 20% self-colored pottery, 4% imitation of
the Pompeian red ware, 4% colour coated pottery,
3% pottery with colour-coated horizontal bands,
2% Firnisware-Imitation, 2% mortaria, 1% marbled
ware, 1% Pannonian grey slip ware with stampeddecoration, 1% incenser bowl, less than 1% handmade
pottery and face pots.
In 2015 were 190 glass fragments found in the
civil town of Brigetio. Among the glass fragments
the drinking vessels were dominate (40%), the
second group was the storage and container vessels,
only bottles were present in more significant
numbers (36% of the total), unguentaria occur less
frequently (13%). Finally a unique, stamped square
bottle base should be mentioned (the inscription as
follows: letter CL, A, CP, P). The base mark seems to
be something special: as for the symbol, the lozenge
inside a cercle, there are paralleles. They are used
by Claudia Italia and by Salvius Gratus as well as
by a person, who signed C/N/PG. There is a second
stamped square bottle from the cellar of the civil
town of Brigetio. (In 2014 came to light the other
base of a mould-blown square bottle with stamp “L
PVBLIC”.)
In this year the type of the import ceramics and
oil lamps are similar to the finds of the previous
years, except an early roman glazed pottery which
has been found on the floor of the cellar. This kind
of ceramic is relatively rare in Brigetio and in Pannonia.
The excavation revealed 493 terra sigillata
sherds, of which seven was imported from
Northern Italy, another seven was South Gaulish,
137 was Central Gaulish and from East Gaul
only two fragments. The material also contains
159 terra sigillata from Rheinzabern, 117 sherds
from Westerndorf and 10 from Pfaffenhofen. In
conclusion, the findings can be dated between the
2nd half of the 1st century AD and the middle of the
3rd century AD.
Two amphora fragments were found during
the excavations of the civil town of Brigetio in 2015.
Both amphorae contained olive oil: the product
stored in the Dressel 6B type vessel was imported
from the Istrian peninsula between the last quarter
of the 1st century AD and the first quarter of the 2nd
century AD. The Dressel 20 type amphora recovered
from the cellar demonstrates that the inhabitants
consumed Hispanian olive oil which arrived from
the Guadalquivir valley between the first quarter
of the 2nd c entury A D a nd t he b eginning o f t he 3 rd
century AD.
Only one fibula was found in 2015. It belongs
to „Hülsenspiralfibeln mit gegabeltem Bügel” and
it can be dated from the end of the 2nd century AD
to the beginning/third quarter of the 3rd century
AD. This fibula type was basically worn by roman
soldiers.
In 2015 altogether 20 coins were uncovered, of
which unfortunately only 7 were identifiable due
to the very bad preservation. This is owed to an
ancient fire after which the debris was used to fill
up the second cellar. The exposure to the extreme
heat caused most of the coins to deteriorate beyond
Research Interests:
The reliefs of the Hadrianeum in Rome still pose a lot of difficulties even after several centuries after their discovery. This meant a number of varying identification proposals from different scholars. Some of them are too fragmentary... more
The reliefs of the Hadrianeum in Rome still pose a lot of difficulties even after several centuries after their discovery. This meant a number of varying identification proposals from different scholars. Some of them are too fragmentary to ever to be solved, but in this paper I propose some modifications to the previous readings based on iconographic parallels.