Bahar TÜRKYILMAZ

In this study, the actionality and aspect analyzes of the analytic structures of four basic verbs in Uzbek Turkish such as tur-, o’tir-, yot- and yur- were made. First of all, the situation of the categories we discussed in Russian, which is the language they belong to, is briefly mentioned, and then it is explained what the aspect corresponds to in analytic verbs that stand out with Russian Turcology. Then, the basic meanings and analytic forms of these four verbs were examined. At the point of examination, Johanson’s viewpoint theory and actionality theory are taken as the basis. As for the actionality, the examination is limited to the functions realized within the scope of the non-transformativization, and the combinations of the operators with the initiotransformative, the finitransformative and the non-transformative are evaluated. Accordingly, it was seen that -(i)b tur-, -(i)b o’tir-, -(i)b yot and -(i)b yur analytics both perform the reading of serial verb and are used in the situation notification function. From the viewpoint, the analysis is limited to intraterminal and postterminal perspectives in line with the development of the four analytic verbs. Besides this, the situation of the aktionsart category in Uzbek Turkish is mentioned. In this section, the context is taken into account. Perdurative, delimitative, saturative and
durative aktionsart readings, which can be captured with the help of various syntactic elements on the context and also support the viewpoint, have been determined.

Speech acts are among important language units which reflect customs, traditions, and religion of the society where they are used, and its perspective of life as well as offering an insight to the culture of that society; while they are among the phrases that should be learnt during learning a language, they also make it easier to speak and understand in that language. Speech acts are a part of conventional language units such as proverbs, idioms, reduplication, and compound words. Although their usages are different in communication compared to them in terms of propriety, they have not been strictly differentiated from these conventional language units. Speech acts, which may undergo minor changes depending on the person and propriety without changing the core part, consist of phrases that are used in situations which regulate our daily lives such as saluting, meeting, saying goodbye-leaving, asking after someone, taking an oath, apologizing, acknowledging, teasing, praising, and cursing. These language units we use without thinking in a conversation depending on its propriety, which can even cause disruptions in the communication between people especially when we do not use them when we need to use them depending on its place, are rules of expression which regulate both the relationship of the individual with another individual and the relationship of the individual with society; and with this feature, they are highly important.
Uzbek language is also highly rich in terms of speech acts. In this paper, the aim is to discuss speech acts used in praising (blessing), cursing (imprecation) and taking an oath (vow), and to explain them through examples. At this point, it is important to highlight that speech acts which are given in the form of praise, curse, and oath also have idiomatic usage at the same time. In other words, not all praises, curses, and oaths but only the ones with idiomatic usages shall be given as examples. For this reason, Uzbek Tilining Frazeologik Lügati was used. As the works from which example sentences are given during the scanning are also used in this dictionary, examples shall be given from the dictionary; and only entry examples shall be taken in the paper.

Postpositional suffix (enclitic) is the structure that phonetically connects to the element coming before itself and affects it in various ways such as emphasis, limitation, metaphor, affirmation, separation, and estimating; and, while it limits the structure it is connected in some cases, it can enhance the structure in other cases. In Turkish grammar, different terms such as postpositional suffix, post-suffix, post-coming, emphatic, and intensifier are used for this postposition. The same structure is called loading in Uzbek grammar.
In this paper, the structure of –å®/-yå® in Uzbek Turkish, which is the extension of emphatic postposition of ok/ök that was densely used in Old Turkish, is analysed. In the scanning for the identification of this structure, six works from Uzbek literature is selected. These works are selected from different years, and the usage rate of this structure in these years is determined. The analysis part is carried out in accordance with historical periods as being Orhon-Uyghur, Karakhanid, Khorezm-Kypchak, Chagatay, and Old Anatolia; and then, the situation of the suffix in Uzbek language, which is successor of Chagatai that is one of the old dialects, is identified. In addition to this, the profile of this postpositional suffix in contemporary dialects is briefly mentioned. After the historical process of the suffix is given in this way, the changes occurred in the field of usage in the mentioned periods are identified; and, it is compared to the field of usage in Uzbek language. In the last part, functions of the analysed structure both in historical and contemporary periods, and the functional differences in the usage of this suffix in these periods, as far as it is confirmed, are emphasized.