- Botany and Microbiology Department
Faculty of Science, Helwan University - 01006692862
- Plant genetics, Biodiversity, Biosystematics, Evoltution, Biotechnology, Bioinformatics, and 16 moreMolecular Biology, Botany, Immunology, Phylogenetics, Molecular Genetics, Evolutionary genetics, Molecular Evolution, Plant Science, Plant Systematics, Molecular Systematics, Ecology, Genetic Engineering, Palaeobotany, Morphometrics, Orchids, and Evolutionary theoryedit
- Professor Dr. Abdelfattah Badr is Professor of Genetics and Plant Biodiversity in the Department of Botany and Microb... moreProfessor Dr. Abdelfattah Badr is Professor of Genetics and Plant Biodiversity in the Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt. He finished a B.Sc. honor degree in Botany from Assiut University, Egypt in 19972 with grade Distinction and obtained a Ph.D. in Plant Cytogenetics from Sheffield University, England, UK in 1977. He earned Professorship at Tanta University in 1986 where he served as a Faculty from 1977 to 2012 and was Head of Botany Department in the Faculty of Science from 1996 to 2002.
Professor Badr has been member in several committees in the Ministries of Education, Higher Education and Scientific Research as well as to the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications. He has been also reviewer of projects for the Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF), the ASRT and the Research Development and Innovation Program (RDI) in Egypt and other funding agents in Egypt and abroad. He has been recently a member of promotion committee for promoting professor and associate professors from 2008 to 2016 and Fellow of the ASRT Council of Environmental Sciences. Professor Badr was granted several sabbaticals in England, Germany, and the USA funded by the British Council, The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Fulbright Foundation. He also worked in Saudi Arabia for 10 years. He also earned two significant prices, the State Prize for Excelling in Scientific Research in Biological Sciences in 1996 and the Tanta University Prize for Merit in Basic Sciences in 2008.
Professor Badr supervised over 65 postgraduate dissertations at Tanta University and other nine Universities in Egypt. He organized and participated in over 100 conferences, workshops and training courses in sex countries, He reviewed and examined of over 150 Dissertations in Egypt and other countries, He is the Editor in Chief of the Egyptian Journal of Botany and the International Journal of Botany and is Associate Editor and Editorial Board member and Reviewer for over 30 international and Egyptian journals. Professor Badr published over 115 peer reviewed papers in national, and international journals, wrote six books in Arabic and English published in Egypt and Saudi Arabia and three Electronic books for the Egyptian National Electronic Learning Center. He was invited as a keynote speaker to more than 25 conferences. Current research interests of Professor Badr and his colleagues and students deals with the biodiversity and sustainable conservation of medicinal and threatened plants in arid environments for producing pharmaceutical compounds and molecular assisted breeding of some legumes using gamma radiation.edit
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The cytogenetic effects of 3 sulphonamides were analysed by a standard Allium test. Mitotic and chromosomal abnormalities are described. The sulphonamides tested were sulphadiazine, sulphadimidine and sulphaphenazole. Actively dividing... more
The cytogenetic effects of 3 sulphonamides were analysed by a standard Allium test. Mitotic and chromosomal abnormalities are described. The sulphonamides tested were sulphadiazine, sulphadimidine and sulphaphenazole. Actively dividing cells were treated with 4 concentrations of each drug for 4, 24 and 48 h. Treatment for 4 h caused a marked increase in the mitotic index (MI), whereas longer treatment induced a severe reduction in mitotic activity. The 3 drugs produced a number of mitotic abnormalities resulting from an action of the spindle apparatus. They also induced some chromosomal abnormalities by direct or indirect action on the chromosomes.
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Background Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most widely used nanomaterial in agricultural and environmental applications. In this study, the impact of AgNPs solutions at 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 80 mg/L, and 160 mg/L on cell ultrastructure... more
Background Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most widely used nanomaterial in agricultural and environmental applications. In this study, the impact of AgNPs solutions at 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 80 mg/L, and 160 mg/L on cell ultrastructure have been examined in pea (Pisum sativum L) using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The effect of AgNPs treatments on the α, β esterase (EST), and peroxidase (POX) enzymes expression as well as gain or loss of inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) markers has been described. Results Different structural malformations in the cell wall and mitochondria, as well as plasmolysis and vacuolation were recorded in root cells. Damaged chloroplast and mitochondria were frequently observed in leaves and the osmiophilic plastoglobuli were more observed as AgNPs concentration increased. Starch grains increased by the treatment with 20 mg/L AgNPs. The expressions of α, β EST, and POX were slightly changed but considerable polymorphism in ISSR profiles, usi...
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The high demand for sufficient and safe food, and continuous damage of environment by conventional agriculture are major challenges facing the globe. The necessity of smart alternatives and more sustainable practices in food production is... more
The high demand for sufficient and safe food, and continuous damage of environment by conventional agriculture are major challenges facing the globe. The necessity of smart alternatives and more sustainable practices in food production is crucial to confront the steady increase in human population and careless depletion of global resources. Nanotechnology implementation in agriculture offers smart delivery systems of nutrients, pesticides, and genetic materials for enhanced soil fertility and protection, along with improved traits for better stress tolerance. Additionally, nano-based sensors are the ideal approach towards precision farming for monitoring all factors that impact on agricultural productivity. Furthermore, nanotechnology can play a significant role in post-harvest food processing and packaging to reduce food contamination and wastage. In this review, nanotechnology applications in the agriculture and food sector are reviewed. Implementations of nanotechnology in agriculture have included nano- remediation of wastewater for land irrigation, nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, and nanosensors, while the beneficial effects of nanomaterials (NMs) in promoting genetic traits, germination, and stress tolerance of plants are discussed. Furthermore, the article highlights the efficiency of nanoparticles (NPs) and nanozymes in food processing and packaging. To this end, the potential risks and impacts of NMs on soil, plants, and human tissues and organs are emphasized in order to unravel the complex bio-nano interactions. Finally, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of nanotechnology are evaluated and discussed to provide a broad and clear view of the nanotechnology potentials, as well as future directions for nano-based agri-food applications towards sustainability.
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Abstract The genetic diversity of 50 plant accessions of Achillea fragrantissima, in eight populations in the mountainous area of south Sinai, Egypt was studied using variation in inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) fingerprinting with... more
Abstract The genetic diversity of 50 plant accessions of Achillea fragrantissima, in eight populations in the mountainous area of south Sinai, Egypt was studied using variation in inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) fingerprinting with reference to variation in some morphological quantitative traits and soil physical texture. Two clustering methods were used to illustrate intra and inter-population genetic variation of the 50 examined plants. The plants of the same population were clustered together indicating close genetic affinity of plants in the same site. On the other hand plants in populations growing at high elevations, in rocky gravelly soils, were differentiated from populations at lower elevations and gravely sandy soils. Scatter plot constructed by Principal coordinates analysis (PCA) differentiated the populations. These results are supported by assessing population structure, which allocated the individuals to their population. The Nei's genetic diversity analysis showed total genetic diversity (HT) of 0.2623 among the populations, genetic diversity within populations (HS) of 0.1370, and overall estimated genetic diversity (GST) of 0.4779, indicating that 47.79% of the genetic diversity was distributed among populations. Low gene flow (NM = 0.5463) was recorded indicating a limited gene exchange between populations. The results indicate the existence of three local gene pools for A. fragrantissima plants growing in the mountainous area of south Sinai but gene flow in the study area is limited due to its mountainous topography. The data reported here provide important baseline information for conservation and collection strategies for this species. Selected populations may be sampled for ex-situation protection to retain as much genetic diversity as possible.
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The wild species of <i>Solanum</i> are important genetic resources for the medicinal and vegetable crop species of the genus and reservoir of genes for developing new economic uses of <i>Solanum</i> species. In... more
The wild species of <i>Solanum</i> are important genetic resources for the medicinal and vegetable crop species of the genus and reservoir of genes for developing new economic uses of <i>Solanum</i> species. In this article, the genetic diversity and systematics of 14 <i>Solanum</i> accessions representing 11 species growing in the southwestern highlands of Saudi Arabia were evaluated using morphological variations and molecular polymorphism generated by 13 ISSR primers. Substantial variations were scored in 26 morphological characters and reflected in the cluster analysis of the examined accessions based on morphological variation. In the cluster trees illustrating the relatedness of the examined accessions based on morphological variation and ISSR polymorphism, the accessions of <i>S. villosum</i> and <i>S. nigrum</i> were differentiated as one cluster and <i>S. dulcamara</i> was associated with <i>S. si...
Dehydration responsive element binding (DREB) are important regulatory molecules which have a crucial role in abiotic stress tolerance. The productivity of tomato, as a drought-sensitive crop, is highly restricted by drought stress. The... more
Dehydration responsive element binding (DREB) are important regulatory molecules which have a crucial role in abiotic stress tolerance. The productivity of tomato, as a drought-sensitive crop, is highly restricted by drought stress. The current study aimed at introducing the OsDERB2A gene into two tomato genotypes via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system. Cotyledonary explants were pre-cultured for two days with Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 harboring pCAMBIA1301 with OsDREB2A driven by the constitutive promoter CaMV35S for transformation. Shoots were directly regenerated on MS medium containing 1 mg l-1 zeatin and 1 mg l-1 BAP, and in presence of 30 mg l-1 hygromycin as selective agent. Only eight weeks were needed to regenerate transgenic tomato using this protocol. An OD600 of 0.4 resulted in 64.3-76.9% transformation efficiency. Stable integration and expression of the OsDREB2A gene were confirmed in transgenic tomato using PCR and RT-PCR analyses, and drought tolerance o...
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... Genevae et Basileae: H. Georg. EID, SE, 1963: Cytological studies in section Molium of the genusAlli~rn. Genetics Today 1, 134. ... A. Rev. Genet. 7, 153--176. JALAL, SM, CL~k~K, ~. W., Hsu, WC, PATKAE:, S., 1974: Cytological... more
... Genevae et Basileae: H. Georg. EID, SE, 1963: Cytological studies in section Molium of the genusAlli~rn. Genetics Today 1, 134. ... A. Rev. Genet. 7, 153--176. JALAL, SM, CL~k~K, ~. W., Hsu, WC, PATKAE:, S., 1974: Cytological Differentiation of Constitutive Heterochromatin. ...
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Plant Technology and Crops Yield Improvements from Crop Evolution to Gene Revolution Professor Abdelfattah Badr Professor of Genetics and Plant Biosystematics, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt abdelfattahbadr@yahoo.com... more
Plant Technology and Crops Yield Improvements from Crop Evolution to Gene Revolution Professor Abdelfattah Badr Professor of Genetics and Plant Biosystematics, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt abdelfattahbadr@yahoo.com Plant biotechnology is as old as human civilization, for thousands of years, natural and artificial selection as well as hybridization and mutation have provided the crop plants with new characteristics that improved yield. Through green revolution in the 1970s, crop yield was doubled by adopting of new, improved dwarf varieties of grains that conserve more of the energy into food production, and application more efficient agricultural techniques, including regulation of irrigation, mechanization, use of fertilizer and pesticides. The traditional breeding methods remain part of improving yield of crop plants but today’s plant biotechnology encompasses two major areas i.e. plant tissues culture and plant genetic engineering. Plant tissue cultures had been applied in various ways in breeding applications to improve crop yield which include: a. micropropagation, b. germplasm preservation, c. somaclonal variation, d. embryo rescue and embryo culture, e. haploid &amp; dihaploid production, f. In vitro hybridization – (protoplast fusion), g. production of encapsulated seeds and g. plant genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is based on utilization of the recombinant DNA technology and gene transfer to plants by biolistic (gene gun) or Agrobacterium mediation of TI plasmid linked genes. The first wave of genetically modified crops was mostly designed for traits controlled by a single gene, e.g. resistance to insect damage; resistance to viral and fungal infections and tolerance towards certain herbicides. Traits concerned with agronomic properties and product quality are being increasingly introduced to important crops via improved gene transfer technology. More recent trends take advantages of other plant technologies to improve quantitative traits controlled by multiple alleles. In this talk, I review the approaches of plant biotechnology and the contribution of agricultural practices that had continuously increased crop yield of major crops across ages from crop evolution, as witnessed by crop domestication, to gene revolution, as witnessed by genetic engineering of plants.
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The genetic diversity of 50 plant accessions of Achillea fragrantissima, in eight populations in the mountainous area of south Sinai, Egypt was studied using variation in inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) fingerprinting with reference... more
The genetic diversity of 50 plant accessions of Achillea fragrantissima, in eight populations in the mountainous area of south Sinai, Egypt was studied using variation in inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) fingerprinting with reference to variation in some morphological quantitative traits and soil physical texture. Two clustering methods were used to illustrate intra and inter-population genetic variation of the 50 examined plants. The plants of the same population were clustered together indicating close genetic affinity of plants in the same site. On the other hand plants in populations growing at high elevations, in rocky gravelly soils, were differentiated from populations at lower elevations and gravely sandy soils. Scatter plot constructed by Principal coordinates analysis (PCA) differentiated the populations. These results are supported by assessing population structure, which allocated the individuals to their population. The Nei's genetic diversity analysis showed to...
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ABSTRACT The hazardous potential of the Metosulam herbicide, particularly the cytogenetic and physiological effects on Vicia faba cv Assuit 25 plants has been studied. The results showed that the mitotic index (MI) decreased and... more
ABSTRACT The hazardous potential of the Metosulam herbicide, particularly the cytogenetic and physiological effects on Vicia faba cv Assuit 25 plants has been studied. The results showed that the mitotic index (MI) decreased and chromosomal aberrations frequency increased by increasing of the concentration of herbicide and prolonging the duration of treatment. In the roots treated with highest concentration used (1 × 10−5 %) for 24 h, complete inhibition of cell division was observed. The chromosomal anomalies include chromosomal bridges and breaks that are regarded were indicative of a mutagenic potential of the herbicide. Seedling growth (fresh and dry weight) adversely affected as the duration and concentration of Metosulam herbicide increased. Soluble sugars, soluble proteins, total free amino acids and photosynthetic pigment content decreased significantly in root, stem and leaves of Vicia faba with increasing both the herbicide concentration and treatment duration. In contrast, proline content was highly accumulated, especially at the highest concentration (10−4 %) and the longest duration used (24 h). The results of antioxidant enzymes reveal that while the peroxidase activity decreased by increasing the concentration of herbicide and duration, the activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase increased.
Research Interests: Plant Biology and Biology
Research Interests: Plant Biology and Biology
Dry seeds of six faba bean varieties (Sakha1, Noburia 2, Noburia 3, Giza 3, Giza 716, Giza 843) were irradiated with gamma low doses of rays (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200 Gy). Treated seeds together with control seeds were grown for two... more
Dry seeds of six faba bean varieties (Sakha1, Noburia 2, Noburia 3, Giza 3, Giza 716, Giza 843) were irradiated with gamma low doses of rays (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200 Gy). Treated seeds together with control seeds were grown for two seasons to determine the effective dose for mutation breeding that helps in developing new genotypes with useful yield traits. The results indicate that the low doses of gamma rays below 200 Gy increased morphological growth estimated as plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area as well as some yield parameters particularly number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight. However higher doses were determintal to plant growth and yield .The variation in DNA ISSR profiling in response to gamma irradiation treatments in M2 was detected using seven ISSR primers. The results indicated that Noburia 3, Noburia 2 and Giza 3 showed the highest numbers of polymorphic bands (225, 191 and 181) respectively. The highest number of polymorphic bands in Noburia 3 and Noburia 2 plants was found with the use of gamma doses 60, 100 and 200 Gy while in Giza 3 the highest number was observed with the doses 60 and 80 Gy. Polymorphic information content (PIC) was estimated for each primer which ranged from 0.193 for primer 807 to 0.31 for primer 834 with a mean of 0.259.
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UBSTANTIAL variation, in morphological traits was observed among 20 populations of A. fragrantissima in Egypt. Such variation was reflected in the clustering of the examined populations as major groups, one representing populations in the... more
UBSTANTIAL variation, in morphological traits was observed among 20 populations of A. fragrantissima in Egypt. Such variation was reflected in the clustering of the examined populations as major groups, one representing populations in the mountainous area of South Sinai and the other populations growing at lower elevations in the middle of Sinai and the desert west of the Suez canal from Suez in the east to Cairo in the west. Five populations in the eastern part of Sinai near Nuwieba and Taba on the Gulf of Aqaba were loosely assigned to the first group. The clustering of A. fragrantissima populations based on ISSR markers also showed two major groups more or less similar to the groups obtained from the analysis of morphological traits. The populations growing at high elevations in South Sinai, under lower temperature and higher humidity, were characterized by high number of total and polymorphic ISSR markers compared to other populations. Unique ISSR markers were observed in the fi...
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Seeds of five cowpea varieties, Kaha 1, Dokki 331, Azmerly, Cream 7 and Giza 6, were exposed to different doses of gamma radiation at50, 100, 200 and 300Gy. Some growth parameters and yield components were measured in 22 M2 genotypes.... more
Seeds of five cowpea varieties, Kaha 1, Dokki 331, Azmerly, Cream 7 and Giza 6, were exposed to different doses of gamma radiation at50, 100, 200 and 300Gy. Some growth parameters and yield components were measured in 22 M2 genotypes. Variation in seed protein electrophoretic pattern, RAPD and ISSR fingerprinting was scored to assess genetic variation among the M2 genotypes. T he gamma dose of 50 Gy resulted in an increase of growth parameters and enhanced yield components in the three varieties Dokki 331, Azmerly and Cream 7; while the dose of 100 Gy resulted in higher growth rate and yield in var. Kaha 1 and var. Giza 6. Analysis of seed protein profile indicated specific bands for each variety; two bands appeared only in control plants and two other bands appeared inM2 plants of exposed seeds. Seven RAPD primers produced 30 polymorphic and 30 monomorphic bands. Meanwhile, 54 markers including 45 polymorphic bands were produced by the nine ISSR primers. Gamma radiation induced mor...
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The impact of (100 to 500 Gy) of γ-irradiation on M2 plants of three cultivars of soybean and their association with ISSR fingerprinting have been studied. Morphological variation was scored as plant size, roots nodule formation, leaf... more
The impact of (100 to 500 Gy) of γ-irradiation on M2 plants of three cultivars of soybean and their association with ISSR fingerprinting have been studied. Morphological variation was scored as plant size, roots nodule formation, leaf shape, size and colour, pod shape, seed hilum colour, testa surface texture and testa colour. Ten ISSR primers successfully amplified 137 reliable markers. In general, reduction in polymorphic markers were associated with increased γ-irradiation doses for the three soybean cultivars. Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that the number of unique and polymorphic markers are generally correlated with the visible variations in some morphological traits which may be regarded as potential mutations. These findings indicate the importance of assessing changes in phenotypic traits, induced by mutagens, and their associated genetic markers.
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Background Wild medicinal plants are suffering natural environmental stresses and habitat destruction. The genetic diversity evaluation of wild accessions and their in vitro raised genotypes using molecular markers, as well as the... more
Background Wild medicinal plants are suffering natural environmental stresses and habitat destruction. The genetic diversity evaluation of wild accessions and their in vitro raised genotypes using molecular markers, as well as the estimation of substances of pharmaceutical value in wild plants and their regenerated genotypes are convenient approaches to test the genetic fidelity of regenerated plants as a source of substances of pharmaceutical value. In this study, the genetic diversity of 12 accessions of the medicinal plant Achillea fragrantissima, representing five sites in the mountains of South Sinai, Egypt, were estimated by the inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) fingerprinting and their volatile oil components were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The same accessions were regenerated in vitro and the genetic diversity and volatile oil components of propagated genotypes were determined and compared to their wild parents. Results Cluster...
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The genus Trifolium is one of the largest genera of the legume family Fabaceae with ca. 255 species. The genus is divided into eight sections; the section Trifolium is a major section of the genus, comprising 73 species mainly distributed... more
The genus Trifolium is one of the largest genera of the legume family Fabaceae with ca. 255 species. The genus is divided into eight sections; the section Trifolium is a major section of the genus, comprising 73 species mainly distributed in the Mediterranean region. We used nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and morphological variation to reconsider the delimitation and phylogenetic relationships of species in the section Trifolium with reference to chromosomal variations. Bayesian analysis of ITS data delimited the species as three clades based on the analysis of ITS sequence and informative indels in combination with morphological variation. The phylogeny of the species by different analyses methods does not support their current delimitation in 17 subsections. The basic chromosome number x = 8 is the number for the genus Trifolium, from which x = 7, 6 and 5 were derived through successive aneuploidy events. With reference to the distribution of these numbers...
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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a major forage crop of family Fabaceae and is frequently cultivated in Egypt. The present study is concerned with the genetic discrimination of fifteen alfalfa cultivars from three different countries... more
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a major forage crop of family Fabaceae and is frequently cultivated in Egypt. The present study is concerned with the genetic discrimination of fifteen alfalfa cultivars from three different countries (Egypt, Australia, and USA) using two molecular approaches: inter-retrotransposon-amplified polymorphism (IRAP) markers and two chloroplast DNA barcodes matK and the trnH in addition to the analysis of fifteen morpho-agronomic traits. The genetic relatedness, based on analysis of IRAP marker polymorphism and produced using eleven primers by clustering via principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate heatmap biostatistical methods differentiated the two Egyptian cultivars EGY1-Ismailia1 and EGY2-Nubaria1 from the three Australian and seven American cultivars, with some distinction of the cv. USA6-SW9720 and cv. AUS4-SuperFast. The results were also supported by the sequence analysis of the matK and the trnH genes on the genetic relatedness between ...
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Maize is known to be susceptible to drought stress, which negatively affects vegetative growth and biomass production, as well as the formation of reproductive organs and yield parameters. In this study, 27 responsive traits of... more
Maize is known to be susceptible to drought stress, which negatively affects vegetative growth and biomass production, as well as the formation of reproductive organs and yield parameters. In this study, 27 responsive traits of germination (G) and seedlings growth were evaluated for 40 accessions of the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) germplasm collection, under no stress and simulated drought stress treatments by 10%, 15%, and 20% of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The three treatments significantly reduced G% and retarded seedlings growth, particularly the 15% and 20% PEG treatments; these two treatments also resulted in a significant increase of abnormal seedlings (AS). The heritability (H2) and correlations of the traits were estimated, and drought tolerance indices (DTIs) were calculated for traits and accessions. The H2 of G% values were reduced, and H2 for AS% increased as the PEG stress increased. Positive correlations were found between most tra...
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موضوعات المحاضرة والحوار التنوع الحيوي (البيولوجى) الرصيد الطبيعى للموارد الوراثية الموارد الوراثية والمعارف التقليدية المرتبطة بها الوضع الراهن للنباتات الطبية في مصر مقدمة عن نباتات سيناء فى الشمال والجنوب أمثلة من نباتات سيناء... more
موضوعات المحاضرة والحوار
التنوع الحيوي (البيولوجى) الرصيد الطبيعى للموارد الوراثية
الموارد الوراثية والمعارف التقليدية المرتبطة بها
الوضع الراهن للنباتات الطبية في مصر
مقدمة عن نباتات سيناء فى الشمال والجنوب
أمثلة من نباتات سيناء واستخداماتها الطبية
نباتات سيناء الطبية المهددة بالإنقراض
جهود صون النباتات الطبية فى جنوب سيناء
المشروعات المدعومة من هيئات دولية لتنمية منطقة سانت كاترين
مشروع صندوق العلوم والتنمية التكنولوجية لدعم استخدام طرق التقنية الحيوية لصون النباتات الطبية لانتاج مركبات صيدلانة
نباتات الفاكهة فى منطة سانت كاترين
التنوع الحيوي (البيولوجى) الرصيد الطبيعى للموارد الوراثية
الموارد الوراثية والمعارف التقليدية المرتبطة بها
الوضع الراهن للنباتات الطبية في مصر
مقدمة عن نباتات سيناء فى الشمال والجنوب
أمثلة من نباتات سيناء واستخداماتها الطبية
نباتات سيناء الطبية المهددة بالإنقراض
جهود صون النباتات الطبية فى جنوب سيناء
المشروعات المدعومة من هيئات دولية لتنمية منطقة سانت كاترين
مشروع صندوق العلوم والتنمية التكنولوجية لدعم استخدام طرق التقنية الحيوية لصون النباتات الطبية لانتاج مركبات صيدلانة
نباتات الفاكهة فى منطة سانت كاترين
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Plant Technology and Crops Yield Improvements from Crop Evolution to Gene Revolution Professor Abdelfattah Badr Professor of Genetics and Plant Biosystematics, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt... more
Plant Technology and Crops Yield Improvements from Crop Evolution to Gene Revolution
Professor Abdelfattah Badr
Professor of Genetics and Plant Biosystematics, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
abdelfattahbadr@yahoo.com
Plant biotechnology is as old as human civilization, for thousands of years, natural and artificial selection as well as hybridization and mutation have provided the crop plants with new characteristics that improved yield. Through green revolution in the 1970s, crop yield was doubled by adopting of new, improved dwarf varieties of grains that conserve more of the energy into food production, and application more efficient agricultural techniques, including regulation of irrigation, mechanization, use of fertilizer and pesticides. The traditional breeding methods remain part of improving yield of crop plants but today’s plant biotechnology encompasses two major areas i.e. plant tissues culture and plant genetic engineering. Plant tissue cultures had been applied in various ways in breeding applications to improve crop yield which include: a. micropropagation, b. germplasm preservation, c. somaclonal variation, d. embryo rescue and embryo culture, e. haploid & dihaploid production, f. In vitro hybridization – (protoplast fusion), g. production of encapsulated seeds and g. plant genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is based on utilization of the recombinant DNA technology and gene transfer to plants by biolistic (gene gun) or Agrobacterium mediation of TI plasmid linked genes. The first wave of genetically modified crops was mostly designed for traits controlled by a single gene, e.g. resistance to insect damage; resistance to viral and fungal infections and tolerance towards certain herbicides. Traits concerned with agronomic properties and product quality are being increasingly introduced to important crops via improved gene transfer technology. More recent trends take advantages of other plant technologies to improve quantitative traits controlled by multiple alleles. In this talk, I review the approaches of plant biotechnology and the contribution of agricultural practices that had continuously increased crop yield of major crops across ages from crop evolution, as witnessed by crop domestication, to gene revolution, as witnessed by genetic engineering of plants.
Professor Abdelfattah Badr
Professor of Genetics and Plant Biosystematics, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
abdelfattahbadr@yahoo.com
Plant biotechnology is as old as human civilization, for thousands of years, natural and artificial selection as well as hybridization and mutation have provided the crop plants with new characteristics that improved yield. Through green revolution in the 1970s, crop yield was doubled by adopting of new, improved dwarf varieties of grains that conserve more of the energy into food production, and application more efficient agricultural techniques, including regulation of irrigation, mechanization, use of fertilizer and pesticides. The traditional breeding methods remain part of improving yield of crop plants but today’s plant biotechnology encompasses two major areas i.e. plant tissues culture and plant genetic engineering. Plant tissue cultures had been applied in various ways in breeding applications to improve crop yield which include: a. micropropagation, b. germplasm preservation, c. somaclonal variation, d. embryo rescue and embryo culture, e. haploid & dihaploid production, f. In vitro hybridization – (protoplast fusion), g. production of encapsulated seeds and g. plant genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is based on utilization of the recombinant DNA technology and gene transfer to plants by biolistic (gene gun) or Agrobacterium mediation of TI plasmid linked genes. The first wave of genetically modified crops was mostly designed for traits controlled by a single gene, e.g. resistance to insect damage; resistance to viral and fungal infections and tolerance towards certain herbicides. Traits concerned with agronomic properties and product quality are being increasingly introduced to important crops via improved gene transfer technology. More recent trends take advantages of other plant technologies to improve quantitative traits controlled by multiple alleles. In this talk, I review the approaches of plant biotechnology and the contribution of agricultural practices that had continuously increased crop yield of major crops across ages from crop evolution, as witnessed by crop domestication, to gene revolution, as witnessed by genetic engineering of plants.