Shooting

1. Recent national and international policy initiatives have aimed to reduce the exposure of humans and wildlife to lead from ammunition. Despite restrictions, in the UK, lead ammunition remains the most widespread source of environmental lead contamination to which wildlife may be exposed. 2. The risks arising from the use of lead ammunition and the measures taken to mitigate these have prompted intense and sometimes acrimonious discussion between stakeholder groups, including those advancing the interests of shooting, wildlife conservation, public health and animal welfare. 3. However, relatively little is known of the perspectives of individual ammunition users, despite their role in adding lead to the environment and their pivotal place in any potential changes to practice. Using Q-methodology, we identified the perspectives of ammunition users in the UK on lead ammunition in an effort to bring forward evidence from these key stakeholders. 4. Views were characterised by two stat...

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This study aimed to determine whether there is an effect of concentration training on shooting free throws by female students in basketball extracurricular. This research was a quantitative research using experimental design. The research design used was a pre-test post-test system aimed to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment given. The population in this study was basketball extracurricular students at State Senior High School 10 Pekanbaru consisted of 15 students. Sampling was done by using total sampling technique which all of them were used as samples. The t value obtained based on the findings of research using the t test was 3.49. The results of this calculation were then consulted on the t table with 14 degrees of freedom, so that the t table obtained was 1.76. In other words, t count was greater than t table which indicated a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test results of 3.86 and 5.13, respectively. The increase in this value was found through the following steps: It was known that there has been an increase of 32.4% from the t table calculation as the difference between the results of the pre test and post test. Based on the research findings, the conclusion obtained is concentration training affects the shooting basketball free throws.

The purpose of this research is to experimentally test the impact of emergency alert communications on college students’ threat assessment and resulting behavior. Four different stimuli are created to resemble an actual warning message about a tornado and a shooting crisis on a college campus. Results of the repeated measures MANOVA
reveal that warning messages sent through text messages are perceived to be more serious than warning messages sent through social media. This is the case in both the shooting and tornado scenarios. In addition, an alert about a shooting is perceived to be more serious than a tornado alert. In terms of channels used to notify others about a disaster, word of mouth is the top choice for students.

Stressing that the pronoun "I" picks out one and only one person in the world (i.e., me), I argue against Hunt (and other like-minded Rand commentators) that the supposed "hard case" of destructive people who do not care for their own lives poses no special difficulty for rational egoism. I conclude that the proper response to a terse objection like "What about suicide bombers?" is the equally terse assertion "But I don't want to get blown up."

A country of spectacular beauty and serenity, Nepal is guarded by
the mighty Himalayas – eight of the world ’s highest mountains, warm
and hospitable people ingrained in cultures dating back generations and
diversity of topography, nature and abundant wildlife. Nepal is home to
the most fascinating temples, shrines, stupas, festivals, living Gods and
Goddesses, gurkhas, yeti and arts and cultures that have transcended time.

This is the place where directors, cinematographers, writers, poets,
dreamers and artists find inspiration for their art and creativity.
As a film maker ’s destination, Nepal is also equipped with the
modern day needs of filming, manpower and technology. To make an
easy transition to film in Nepal, this guide has been especially prepared
to introduce you to the various locations in Nepal, detailed information
on getting permits and basic information on who to work with.

This publication is designed to help filmmakers across the world as
the first comprehensive guide to shoot films in this beautiful country.
For obvious reasons, the book does not include rates of services charged by the companies, but endeavors to provide enough information to enable filmmakers to contact the private agencies who have the required credentials and qualifications.

Likewise, there are areas in which filmmakers might need special
assistance such as information on how to shoot on public roads and
areas, the use of explosives, shooting in National Parks and Wildlife
Reserves, permission for flight paths, use of airwaves for communicating radio, etc. These and other special requests are usually discussed on case to case basis. The Ministry of Communications and Information Technology is the first stop for such permits while the Film Development Board can also assist by facilitating such requirements.

We welcome you to Nepal. Have an incredible filming experience!

– Film Development Board, Nepal

Bola basket adalah salah satu cabang olahraga dimainkan oleh dua regu dimana kedua tim saling memasukkan bola sebanyak mungkin ke keranjang lawan dengan tangan dengan batas waktu yang disediakan. Jadi inti dari permainan bobabasket adalah berusaha sebanyak mungkin untuk memasukkan bola pada keranjang lawan. Menurut Oliver (2004:13) ”Meskipun banyak pemain bola basket terus mencoba melakukan tembakan 3 angka, statistik mengungkapkan bahwa para penembak 3 angka terbaik pun hanya berhasil 40 hingga 45 persen dari semua usaha lemparan tiga angka mereka sedangkan persentase tembakan tertinggi adalah tembakan dalam” . Subyek penelitian adalah seluruh anggota tim ekstrakurikuler bola basket putra SMAN 9 Malang. Pada analisis kebutuhan yang dilakukan ditemukan bahwa pelatih ekstrakurikuler bola basket SMA Negeri 9 Malang seringkali melatih siswa pada teknik shooting dari medium range, namun variasi yang diberikan monoton yang menyebabkan para siswa malas dalam menjalankannya. Berdasarkan masalah yang ditemukan, maka peneliti mengembangkan variasi latihan shooting dari daerah medium range pada tim ekstrakurikuler bola basket putra SMAN 9 Malang. Dalam melatih teknik shooting diperlukan latihan yang berulang-ulang, selain itu membutuhkan teknik dasar yang benar juga diperlukan variasi-variasi model latihan untuk mencegah kebosanan berlatih. Model pengembangan ini adalah model pengembangan yang bersifat deskriptif, yaitu menggariskan langkah-langkah yang harus diikuti untuk menghasilkan produk. Pada pengembangan variasi latihan shooting dari daerah medium range ini dilakukan melalui beberapa tahap yang meliputi analisis kebutuhan, pembuatan produk awal, uji coba produk, revisi produk pertama, uji lapangan, dan revisi produk akhir. Subyek penelitian adalah peserta ekstrakurikuler bola basket di SMA Negeri 9 Malang. Dari pengembangan dan prosedur yang telah dilakukan, maka diperoleh hasil pengembangan variasi latihan shooting dari daerah medium range pada tim ekstrakurilkuler bola basket SMA Negeri 9 Malang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disarankan agar dilakukan uji coba secara berulang-ulang pada subyek yang lebih besar dan diharapkan dapat disosialisasikan kepada sekolah-sekolah yang mempunyai kegiatan ekstrakurikuler bola basket, yang ada disekitar tempat pengembangan produk, peneliti sendiri dan peneliti lain untuk dikembangkan ke arah lebih lanjut.

L’expression « tuerie de masse », traduction approximative du terme anglais massive shooting, est utilisée dans toutes les circulaires ou instructions de l’État. Cependant, il n’existe aucune définition universelle d’une tuerie de masse. Nous nous proposons de définir la tuerie de masse comme « une agression volontaire, réalisée par un ou des individus sur un ou plusieurs sites, provoquant un nombre de victimes dont la prise en charge peut dépasser les moyens sanitaires immédiatement disponibles ». Quels que soient les moyens employés, il s’agit d’un acte hostile qui a le plus souvent pour but de terroriser l’opinion publique et de déstabiliser les structures de l’État. Dans le rapport de l’Assemblée nationale fait au nom de la commission d’enquête relative « aux moyens mis en oeuvre pour lutter contre le terrorisme depuis le 7 janvier 2015 », plusieurs intervenants ont déclaré qu’il fallait « nous préparer à être surpris ». L’organisation de la réponse du système de santé est devenue aujourd’hui un enjeu majeur de santé publique. Si l’élaboration de plans, la réalisation d’exercices sont indispensables, la diffusion de doctrines communes d’intervention et de prise en charge médicale l’est tout autant, afin d’apporter des niveaux de réponse adaptés à des agressions collectives. C’est la raison pour laquelle le conseil d’administration de la Société française de médecine d’urgence (SFMU) a missionné sa commission des référentiels afin de rédiger des recommandations concernant la prise en charge médicale des victimes d’une « tuerie de masse ». Ces recommandations s’appuient sur une revue de la littérature médicale, des textes réglementaires et des avis d’experts. La littérature médicale concernant la prise en charge des victimes d’une tuerie de masse est limitée. Les publications reposent essentiellement sur des retours d’expérience et des avis d’experts. Afin que ces recommandations soient fondées sur un large consensus médical, la SFMU a souhaité associer des experts au titre de Samu-Urgences de France (SUdF), de la Société française d’anesthésie et de réanimation (Sfar), de la Société française de médecine de catastrophe (SFMC), de la Société française de chirurgie d’urgence (SFCU) et du Service de santé des armées (SSA). La méthode « Recommandations par consensus formalisé », publiée dans les « Recommandations pour la pratique clinique » éditées par la Haute Autorité de santé (HAS), a été retenue. Ce texte aborde la prise en charge globale des victimes de façon chronologique aussi bien sur le versant extrahospitalier qu’intrahospitalier. La prise en charge médicale spécifique d’une attaque fondée sur un usage d’agents non conventionnels (nucléaire, radiologique, biologique et chimique) a été volontairement exclue du champ de ce référentiel.

[les registres de tir et le développement des réseaux sportifs régionaux de la ville de Nördlingen (1464-1585)]

Analysis of seven crossbow and firearms shooting registers from the 15th and 16th centuries: performances, champions and delegations, records and archives.
The city archives of Nördlingen, with seven shooting registers, contain the biggest collection of shooting registers. The analysis of the recording processus and of the mecanisms of invitation and attendance to the shooting contests enables not only to compare each register and each contest with another, so that 'minor' or 'major' interurban contests can be defined, but also to study the seven contests within the succession of many hundreds of shooting contests across the 15th and 16th centuries. Especially the bigger contests of 1464 and 1478, celebrated with lotteries and horse races, and for the latter the first use of a printed invitation letter, help us grasp the importance of the marketfair for the history of Nördlingen, and generally the evolution of Nördlingen before and after the Reformation.

Maharaja Nripendra Narayan (1863-1911) of the princely state of Cooch Behar was a world-famous sports hunter who wrote his big game shooting experiences in his diary (1871-1907). Through this research article, an attempt has been made to analyse the hunting diary (1871-1907) of Maharaja Nripendra Narayan (1863-1911) of the princely state of Cooch Behar. The primary focus will be on the bag sizes and the record specimens of his shoots and their relationship with masculinity. This paper highlights that the big bag sizes and the record specimens were the symbols of the masculine traits of the Maharaja’s sports hunting. He secured such bags and record specimens following the game ethics. He imbibed masculine ideology from western education. The hunting diary of Maharaja Nripendra Narayan has some mistakes and miscalculations. His motive was to keep the records of the big bag and the record specimens of hunting. Most of the time, he recorded the details of dangerous animals and was careless about accurate record keeping of the smaller or non-dangerous games. He was very keen to record those animals whose size and weight was the best. Securing a good position in the big game world records was his desire. He secured a respectable position in some of the world records.

Certain terminal ballistic events at shooting scenes result in situations where no recognizable bullets or fragments recognizable as having come from a bullet survive despite obvious bullet damage at the scene. This is a consequence of the very high decelerative forces exerted on bullets that encounter hard, unyielding surfaces during essentially orthogonal impacts. This can occur with both jacketed bullets possessing lead cores and plain lead bullets. Caliber and bullet weight are not a
factor in the outcome; lead air rifle pellets through .50-caliber lead bullets all performed similarly once the impact velocity exceeded approximately 600 feet per second.


A frame by frame study of bullet impacts with a hard, unyielding target via high speed videography allowed the average decelerative force acting on each bullet to be calculated.

The results of this study have important forensic value in explaining the absence of recognizable bullets and/or bullet fragments at certain shooting scenes. Conversely, the presence of recognizable bullets or bullet fragments at a scene involving essentially orthogonal impacts with hard, unyielding surfaces is a clear indicator that these items struck the
particular medium at a relatively low velocity. This, in turn, has important and useful forensic implications as will be explained in this article.

Presentation (in German) about shooting contests in the Holy Roman Empire in the 15th and 16th centuries. This paper was the first part of a two-part paper held in Münster on October 2016. The first half intends to draw a line between two regional configurations of shooting contests : whereas Northern Germany knew popinjay shootings, Southern and Middle Germany knew contests that attracted hundreds of competitors from different regional networks. The paper analyses also how, among more than thousand competitions, some patterns and continuities (regional leagues, etc.) can be identified.

Ce n'est plus à un Suisse qu'il faut expliquer à quoi ressemble un concours de tir à l'arme à feu. D'abord en nature ou en espèces, les prix pour récompenser les tireurs les plus adroits étaient devenus de plus en plus symboliques. Des oeuvres d'art, des coupes, des brevets et des médailles avaient été créés à cet effet. Les médailles de tir constituent un important thème phaléristique, surtout lorsqu'elles commémorent des épreuves hors du commun. Le concours de Bruxelles à l'occasion des fêtes du 75 e anniversaire de l'indépendance belge en 1905 a été un de ces événements mémorables. L'ouvrage Grands concours de tir lui avait été consacré. Les compétitions de tir en Belgique Indépendante depuis 1830, la Belgique révolutionnaire s'était vu imposer une stricte neutralité armée par les grandes puissances. Sa petite armée de métier avait été complétée par des conscrits injustement désignés par tirage au sort avec possibilité de remplacement jusqu'en 1909. La Garde civique, en seconde ligne, devait veiller au maintien de l'ordre. Commandées par des notables, ses unités paradaient en ville le dimanche et s'exerçaient au tir…

Nowadays, there are a number of non-conventional training methods utilizing science and technology that can improve athlete performances, one of them is NeuroTracker technology. In Indonesia, this technology is still limited. Meanwhile, in developed countries, this method is developing rapidly and implemented for gaining sport achievements, including in archery. In archery, athletes must focus on performing techniques consistently, be fast, and be precise in making decisions when aiming and releasing arrows. In this condition, athletes often experience disturbances and doubts in aiming and releasing arrows so that the shooting performance is often not optimal. To overcome this problem, NeuroTracker technology can be provided in the training process to improve the archery athlete shooting ability. The method of this research used the experimental method with pretest-posttest control group design. The population of this study consisted of 40 archery athletes of one of the campus sports clubs. Samples were selected using non-random sampling to obtain 20 athletes. The samples were divided into two groups, including the experimental group and control group. The experimental group received NeuroTracker trainings, while the control group received the conventional trainings. The instrument used to measure the archery shooting ability was the 30m shooting test. The results showed that NeuroTracker training and conventional training had a significant effect on the archery athlete shooting performance. Furthermore, NeuroTracker training had a greater effect than conventional training on the archery athlete shooting performance.

In the Second Surrealist Manifesto (1929), André Breton (1896-1966) claimed that the “simplest Surrealist act consists of dashing down into the street, pistol in hand, and firing blindly, as fast as you can pull the trigger, into the crowd". This article assesses whether shooting somebody could ever be considered a work of art, by assessing loyalist paramilitary Michael Stone's claim that his attempted murder of Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness (2006) was a work of "performance art"; Chris Burden's performance Shoot (1971), and Valerie Solanas' attempted murder of Andy Warhol (1968). The ethical implications of these acts are compared to the work of Santiago Sierra, and Christabel Pankhurst's defence of militancy. The acts are considered aesthetically by referring to Peter Bond's testimony at the Michael Stone trial, and the "institutional theory of art".

Powerpoint presentation (unchanged version) held in Münster, October 2016 on the occasion on the conference "Urban cultures of contest in premodern Europe", illustrated and in english.
The presentation is in two parts : First part analyses the differences between Northern and Southern Germany. Second part illustrates the sources for the shooting contests and what I called the "pilot-fish programs" that came along: lotteries, races, and other sorts of shows and contests in the 15th and 16th centuries".

The study reviews the literature on aspects of vision applicable to policing, especially officer-involved shootings in low-light conditions. Officers from around the country responded to a survey on low light shooting training within their various agencies. Results show a serious deficiency in low light decision-making training (shoot / don't shoot). Recommendations from experts in low-light shooting are revealed.

Published in the ILEETA Journal

Aim: The present study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of self-questioning strategy in improving some basketball skills among seventh grade female students in Amman, Jordan. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study. The study was conducted in the period between 6 th of January 2019 and 14 th of February 2019. The study included a random sample of 36 students from the seventh grade. The participants were randomized equally into a control group (n=24, received traditional teaching) and an experimental group (n=24, instructed through self-questioning strategy). The study used the anthropometric measurements and valid and reliable skills pre and posttests to identify any significant effect of the self-questioning strategy on the shooting, passing and dribbling basketball skills among the study participants. Results: The results of the study showed that there were significant statistical differences at significance level (α≤0.05) in the mean scores of the shooting skill (t=6.0684, p=0.000), passing skill (t=4.1412, p=0.000) and dribbling skill (t=2.4581, p=0.0178) between the control group and the experimental group in favor of the experimental group referred to the use of self-questioning strategy. Conclusion: The study concluded that self-questioning strategy is an effective strategy in improving shooting, passing and dribbling basketball skills. The study recommends conducting further research studies to support the research-based evidence regarding the effectiveness of self-questioning strategy on improving the basic sport skills among school students.

1. Recent national and international policy initiatives have aimed to reduce the exposure of humans and wildlife to lead from ammunition. Despite restrictions, in the UK, lead ammunition remains the most widespread source of environmental lead contamination to which wildlife may be exposed.
2. The risks arising from the use of lead ammunition and the measures taken to mitigate these have prompted intense and sometimes acrimonious discussion between stakeholder groups, including those advancing the interests of shooting, wildlife conservation, public health and animal welfare.
3. However, relatively little is known of the perspectives of individual ammunition users, despite their role in adding lead to the environment and their pivotal place in any potential changes to practice. Using Q-methodology, we identified the perspectives of ammunition users in the UK on lead ammunition in an effort to bring forward evidence from these key stakeholders.
4. Views were characterised by two statistically and qualitatively distinct perspectives: (a) Open to change-comprised ammunition users that refuted the view that lead ammunition is not a major source of poisoning in wild birds, believed that solutions to reduce the risks of poisoning are needed, were happy to use non-lead alternatives and did not feel that the phasing out of lead shot would lead to the demise of shooting; and (b) Status quo-comprised ammunition users who did not regard lead poisoning as a major welfare problem for wild birds, were ambivalent about the need for solutions and felt that lead shot is better than steel at killing and not wounding an animal. They believed opposition to lead ammunition was driven more by a dislike of shooting than evidence of any harm.
5. Adherents to both perspectives agreed that lead is a toxic substance. There was consensus that involvement of stakeholders from all sides of the debate was desirable and that to be taken seriously by shooters, information about lead poisoning should come from the shooting community.

(deutsche Fassung siehe unten)
Cet article aborde l’étude des lettres d’invitation aux concours de tir (Schützenbriefe) au XVesiècle. L’étude d’un corpus de plus de deux cents lettres conservées permet de comprendre la stratégie de communication entreprise pour situer la ville organisatrice dans la compétition symbolique et également économique que se livrent les villes du sud du Saint-Empire. Tout en transmettant un message prônant l’amitié mutuelle, nécessaire pour assurer le succès de la compétition sportive, les organisateurs font de leur lettre une véritable arme communicative, particulièrement dans le dernier quart du siècle. En annonçant un prix prestigieux, en choisissant d’imprimer leurs lettres, de les envoyer plusieurs mois à l’avance et d’organiser en parallèle des loteries, des villes comme Nördlingen ou Nuremberg cherchent ainsi à se placer dans la continuité des concours accueillis par leurs homologues, et à distancer les villes moins bien placées dans cette hiérarchie symbolique.

Vorliegender Artikel widmet sich der Analyse von sogenannten Schützenbriefen, Einladungsschreiben zu Schützenfesten im 15. Jahrhundert. Das Studium eines Quellencorpus, das mehr als 200 erhaltene Schützenbriefe umfasst, gewährt Einblick in Kommunikationsstrategien, durch die sich die organisierende Stadt im symbolischen, aber auch wirtschaftlichen Kräftemessen der Städte im Süden des Heiligen Römischen Reiches positionierte. Zwar versichert man sich in den Schützenbriefen der gegenseitigen, unverbrüchlichen Freundschaft – um so notwendiger, als sie der Garant für ein Gelingen des sportlichen Wettstreits ist –, doch darüber hinaus lassen die Organisatoren ihre Briefe zu veritablen kommunikativen Waffen werden. Dies gilt insbesondere für das letzte Viertel des Jahrhunderts. Man kündigte einen prestigeträchtigen Preis an, druckte die Schützenbriefe, versandte sie mit mehreren Monaten Vorlauf und organisierte gleichzeitig Lotterien: Städte wie Nördlingen oder Nürnberg versuchten damit, sich innerhalb einer Kontinuität von Wettbewerben, wie sie andere vergleichbare Städte im Reich seit längerem praktizierten, zu verorten und sich von denjenigen Städten abzugrenzen, deren Platz innerhalb dieser symbolischen Hierarchie weniger prominent war.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relation between Core stability muscle's endurance and static balance with shooting performance of military soldiers. Methods One hundred participants of the military training course (age 23.92±1.66 years and weight 73.96±12.77 kg) participated in this study. The shooting test was performed by the subjects and divided them into two groups with high and lower shooting scores of 60. Endurance of core stability muscle and static balance measured by core stability exercise and stork test, respectively. Pearson's correlation test and independent-T test were used to analyze data with significant level of 0.05. Results Test results showed a significant correlation between shooting scores and core stability muscle endurance (P=0.000, R= 0.661), shooting scores and static balance (P=0.000, R= 0.684), and static balance with core stability muscle endurance (P=0.000, R= 0.718). The independent t-test also showed a significant difference in the core stability muscle endurance and static balance of subjects in two groups (P=0.000). Conclusion Endurance of core stabilator muscles enhance the balance, and these two factors improve shooting performance. Therefore, it is recommended that these exercises be included in the shooters' physical fitness program.

Présentation pour le colloque international "Spiele und Wettkämpfe in mittelalterlichen Gesellschaften / Jeux et compétitions dans les sociétés médiévales"
14-17 février 2018, Institut Historique Allemand (Paris) : V. Kopp, G. Bureaux, C. Buyken, P. Monnet

The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the same shooting technical components determining performance in testing situation also affect performance in competition situation and how the technical skill level of these components changes from training to competition. Thirteen Finnish national (10) and junior national (3) rifle team members participated in the study. Participants were measured in competition and training situation within a five-day period. Shooting score, aiming point trajectory and postural balance were measured from both situations. Shooting performance decreased from training to competition situation (10.31 ± 0.13 vs. 10.14 ± 0.17, p 

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relation between Core stability muscle's endurance and static balance with shooting performance of military soldiers. Methods One hundred participants of the military training course (age 23.92±1.66 years and weight 73.96±12.77 kg) participated in this study. The shooting test was performed by the subjects and divided them into two groups with high and lower shooting scores of 60. Endurance of core stability muscle and static balance measured by core stability exercise and stork test, respectively. Pearson's correlation test and independent-T test were used to analyze data with significant level of 0.05. Results Test results showed a significant correlation between shooting scores and core stability muscle endurance (P=0.000, R= 0.661), shooting scores and static balance (P=0.000, R= 0.684), and static balance with core stability muscle endurance (P=0.000, R= 0.718). The independent t-test also showed a significant difference in the core stability muscle endurance and static balance of subjects in two groups (P=0.000). Conclusion Endurance of core stabilator muscles enhance the balance, and these two factors improve shooting performance. Therefore, it is recommended that these exercises be included in the shooters' physical fitness program.

El manejo del balón se considera determinante en la precisión y potencia de los lanzamientos en balonmano. Para facilitar este manejo, el reglamento permite utilizar un material adhesivo denominado “resina” a los jugadores. El propósito del estudio fue analizar la influencia de la resina sobre la velocidad y precisión del lanzamiento, tanto en hombres como en mujeres en etapas formativas (sub-18) y sénior. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 46 jugadores (31 hombres y 15 mujeres) que realizaron un protocolo de 6 lanzamientos a distancia con la intención de aplicar la máxima velocidad y precisión. De forma aleatoria, cada sujeto lanzó 3 veces sin resina, y otras 3 con resina. Los resultados mostraron una mayor velocidad con el uso de resina en el total de la muestra analizada. Los lanzamientos con resina fueron un 6,56% más veloces (p 0,05). Además, no se encontraron diferencias entre los subgrupos de análisis (p > 0,05). Por tanto, el uso de resina parece ser determinante en la veloc...

This study focused on identifying the most important factors determining performance in elite-level air rifle shooting technique. Forty international- and national-level shooters completed a simulated air rifle shooting competition series. From a total of 13 795 shots in 319 tests, shooting score and 17 aiming point trajectory variables were measured with an optoelectronic device and six postural balance variables were measured with force platform. Principal component analysis revealed six components in the air rifle shooting technique: aiming time, stability of hold, measurement time, cleanness of triggering, aiming accuracy, and timing of triggering. Multiple regression analysis identified four of those, namely stability of hold, cleanness of triggering, aiming accuracy, and timing of triggering as the most important predictors of shooting performance, accounting for 81% of the variance in shooting score. The direct effect of postural balance on performance was small, accounting f...

Comparison of a New Test For Agility and Skill in Soccer With Other Agility Tests The purpose of this study was both to develop a novel test to measure run, shuttle run and directional change agility, and soccer shots on goal with decision making and to compare it with other agility tests. Multiple comparisons and assessments were conducted, including test-retest, Illinois, Zig-Zag, 30 m, Bosco, T-drill agility, and Wingate peak power tests. A total of 113 Turkish amateur and professional soccer players and tertiary-level students participated in the study. Test-retest and inter-tester reliability testing measures were conducted with athletes. The correlation coefficient of the new test was .88, with no significant difference (p> 0.01> 0.01) between the test results obtained in the first and second test sessions. The results of an analysis of variance revealed a significant (p < 0.01) difference between the T-drill agility and power test results for soccer players. The new ...

Nowadays, there are a number of non-conventional training methods utilizing science and technology that can improve athlete performances, one of them is NeuroTracker technology. In Indonesia, this technology is still limited. Meanwhile, in developed countries, this method is developing rapidly and implemented for gaining sport achievements, including in archery. In archery, athletes must focus on performing techniques consistently, be fast, and be precise in making decisions when aiming and releasing arrows. In this condition, athletes often experience disturbances and doubts in aiming and releasing arrows so that the shooting performance is often not optimal. To overcome this problem, NeuroTracker technology can be provided in the training process to improve the archery athlete shooting ability. The method of this research used the experimental method with pretest-posttest control group design. The population of this study consisted of 40 archery athletes of one of the campus sports clubs. Samples were selected using non-random sampling to obtain 20 athletes. The samples were divided into two groups, including the experimental group and control group. The experimental group received NeuroTracker trainings, while the control group received the conventional trainings. The instrument used to measure the archery shooting ability was the 30m shooting test. The results showed that NeuroTracker training and conventional training had a significant effect on the archery athlete shooting performance. Furthermore, NeuroTracker training had a greater effect than conventional training on the archery athlete shooting performance.

The background of this research is the petanque precision shooting athletes who are inconsistent in obtaining scores. Accuracy is an important part of petanque, especially in the precision shooting numbers, so that it is necessary to have a mental training process that can contribute to the athlete's ability to improve their accuracy. The purpose of this research is to see the effect of a mental training in the form of self-talk on improving shooting accuracy in petanque. Looking at the objectives of this study, the pre-experimental method with the one group pre-test and post-test design has been used. The instrumental test in this study is a shooting test of 20 athletes from FIPJP (Fé dé ration Internationale de Pé tanque et Jeu Provenç al). The results of this research indicate that the test results are t = 2.690, with db = 19 and the number Sig. (2-tailed) or p-value = 0.014 <0.05. From this result, it can be concluded that self-talk practice can significantly improve the accuracy of the shooting petanque. The implication of self-talk is self-control. Athletes appear to be better able to control arm movements, control emotions, and regulate breathing when shooting. This can be seen from the increase in the scores of the athletes.

Rifled guns appeared during the 16th century. They were often considered as cheating techniques and concealed advantages, and were often forbidden in the shooting fields. This article reports how the rifled guns (gezogene Büchsen) were the subject of correspondances, laws and inquiries between the marksmen and their authorities, during the shooting festivals and also between territories, in order to avoid troubles. This paper also throws a light about the gunmakers of Southern Germany and their geographical strategies.