Jan Veuger

This Proceedings from the 8th International Conference Places and Technologies: Keeping up with Technology to act Responsively with Urban Environment, which was held in Belgrade in October 2023, contributes to the discussion about the future of society and places and the role of technology in it and discussions with respect to strategy for responsive quality environment. More than 85 papers from 20 countries were presented during the conference. The organizers of the conference
were: University of Belgrade (Faculty of Architecture) and Professional Association Urban Laboratory (UrbanLab). This time we have a joint event with CIRRE conference which contributed with18 conference papers.

In 2016, I conducted an initial study around healthcare real estate in the Netherlands on behalf of the Association for developers & builders (NVB) to provide a picture of developments around healthcare real estate for investors. This resulted in an essay (Veuger 2015a) and an book contribution (Veuger 2015b). Now six years later, it piqued my curiosity how the healthcare real estate developments of the time have progressed to the present day. Before looking at the developments in 2022 compared to 2016, it is important to see how the healthcare real estate developments from 2009 through 2015 evolved where from 2009 only really shows an upward trend in real estate investments. This article consists of the 2016 study (Part I) and a 2023 update (Part II). The prospects for investing in healthcare real estate are positive and investments (Schie 2014) will therefore therefore increase. This is evident from the 2015 Healthcare Real Estate Barometer, among others. Dutch healthcare organizations have been responsible for their own real estate since 2012, and thus investing in care locations is still at the beginning of its development. This is different in other countries. There, it is common for different investors to invest in care and cure real estate. Foreign investors see opportunities when they look at the Dutch healthcare real estate market. A plus in that, for example, is that Dutch institutions, against the economic trend, have growing solvency and equity have. The 2015 Healthcare Real Estate Barometer
(Veuger et al. 2015b) includes a comparison with healthcare real estate investments in other countries included. Australia and the United Kingdom have a longer history in terms of healthcare real estate investments. The total return on investment in real estate is the highest (7.5 percent) in Australia over the 2007-2013 period. For healthcare real estate, that total return in Australia, for example, is higher (11.1 percent). An important point is that within healthcare there are many differences. Take the difference between care and cure. Care currently still scores a lower return on real estate than cure. That is mainly caused by current developments within the General Act on Exceptional Medical Expenses (AWBZ) and the Long-Term Care Act (Wlz), as a result of which funded nursing homes are becoming
vacant. In the United Kingdom, the care property portfolio has been reviewed to ensure that it fits well with the evolving demand for care and supply of care property which has also resulted in higher care
property yields.

In 2007, the Ministry of Housing and Spatial Planning took the initiative to publish the guide Bouwstenen voor social [Real estate for social return]. This was a first step towards dealing professionally deal with social real estate as an asset. In 2008, my professorship at Hanze University
Groningen in the Netherlands started with its first Barometer Social Real Estate. Back in 2009, I argued in Real Estate Magazine that research into social real estate with CREM is necessary from the perspective of Corporate Real Estate Management (CREM) by through new control models to be developed and more doctoral research. In anticipation of the 2010 municipal elections it emerged, from research conducted by the professorship, that social real estate was not an issue on the political parties' election manifestos. This was a prelude to the honored RAAK - RAAK-public funds research projects of universities of applied sciences in collaboration with the public sector, such as hospitals, municipalities, water boards and provinces - grant application Towards a Market driven municipal real estate. This research in 2011-2012 led to the totally externally funded professorship in Social Real Estate in 2012. Thereafter, the Professorship of Social Real Estate has profiled itself strongly in different areas. Especially the attention of Minister Stef Blok in 2014 when receiving the first copy of the book Barometer Social Real Estate: Corporate Social Responsibility at our annual conference (Veuger 2017),
the round table discussion with State Secretary of Health (Veuger 2015), Welfare and Sport Martin van Rijn in 2015 and the informal discussion with Minister of Education, Culture and Science Jet Bussemaker in 2015 have provided additional publicity in the media in addition to the lectorate's many publications. The debate in 2016 with the civil society with the prime minister Mark Rutte with the handing over of the book Barometer Social Real Estate 2016 and a discussion in 2014 with Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations Stef Blok (Veuger 2014) have contributed to social and economic knowledge utilization for future and existing real estate professionals. After a period of 10 years of research social real estate translated into barometers from 2008-2018 Veuger et al. (2008-2018), a
number of conclusions can be drawn.

In order to achieve its objectives and to handle its real estate in a professional manner, the real estate company of the municipality of Groningen would like to begin managing the social real estate portfolio in an innovative way. The use of data and information technologies, or data-driven working and managing, provides insight into the effectiveness and efficiency of the portfolio. This roadmap includes, in addition to a theoretical framework, a step-by-step plan describing the process towards data-driven real estate management. The starting point here is to invent step by step, because data-driven real estate management requires a different way of thinking and doing. Actionable insights are created so that strategic management becomes possible. The data model to be developed forms the basis for entering into dialogue, taking decisions and drawing up long-term goals. The outcome is a data model for a proactive, agile, future-proof organization that is of responding to a changing environment and manages for the highest possible social return.

Housing associations make too little a contribution to Society, the government has to step in too frequently because of maladministration, and the associations’ executives are often unaware of the farreaching impact of their decisions. These are the conclusions of the new academic research conducted by Jan Veuger of Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University (RSM). In his dissertation, he asserts that in numerous cases there is no correlation between social and financial objectives. The Dutch House of Representatives debated the results of the report “Ver van huis” from the Parliamentary Committee of Inquiry on Housing Associations in early December 2014. After extensive exploration of the literature and PhD studies on the period from 2005-2009, the research design was inspired by the grounded theory, which has a certain bias as a result of the extensive literature study. In the line of thinking of the grounded theory, interviews with directors contacted were more or less uninhibited according to a narrative method. Afterwards, these interviews, independent of the researcher, thematic and labelled by a single Delphi method were submitted to an expert group which created a storyline.

Housing associations make too little a contribution to Society, the government has to step in too frequently because of maladministration, and the associations’ executives are often unaware of the farreaching impact of their decisions. These are the conclusions of the new academic research conducted by Jan Veuger of Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University (RSM). In his dissertation, he asserts that in numerous cases there is no correlation between social and financial objectives. The Dutch House of Representatives debated the results of the report “Ver van huis” from the Parliamentary Committee of Inquiry on Housing Associations in early December 2014. After extensive exploration of the literature and PhD studies on the period from 2005-2009, the research design was inspired by the grounded theory, which has a certain bias as a result of the extensive literature study. In the line of thinking of the grounded theory, interviews with directors contacted were more or less uninhibited according to a narrative method. Afterwards, these interviews, independent of the researcher, thematic and labelled by a single Delphi method were submitted to an expert group which created a storyline.

Housing associations make too small a contribution to society, the government has to step in too frequently because ofmaladministration, and the associations’ executives are often unaware of the far-reaching impact of their decisions. These are theconclusions of new academic research conducted by Jan Veuger of Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University (RSM).In the author’s dissertation, he asserts that in numerous cases, there is no correlation between social and financial objectives. TheDutch House of Representatives debated the results of the report Ver van huis from the Parliamentary Committee of Inquiry onHousing Associations in early December, 2014. The research that is being carried out at the moment is constructed in a manner that ifwe understand something about value thinking and what underlying motivation is, an approach can be deducted that will allow us tocontrol them. After the introduction, an explanation of the theme of the research will be given and the choice for a four-phase modelwith a deepening as to what value(s) is (and are). From the perspective of the four-phase model, the emphasis will be put on thesocialization and thinking capacities, and parallels will be drawn between the values w ithin the four-phase model, the examinedvalues, and in specific, public housing corporations.

Housing associations make too small a contribution to society, the government has to step in too frequently because ofmaladministration, and the associations’ executives are often unaware of the far-reaching impact of their decisions. These are theconclusions of new academic research conducted by Jan Veuger of Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University (RSM).In the author’s dissertation, he asserts that in numerous cases, there is no correlation between social and financial objectives. TheDutch House of Representatives debated the results of the report Ver van huis from the Parliamentary Committee of Inquiry onHousing Associations in early December, 2014. The research that is being carried out at the moment is constructed in a manner that ifwe understand something about value thinking and what underlying motivation is, an approach can be deducted that will allow us tocontrol them. After the introduction, an explanation of the theme of the research will be given and the choice for a four-phase modelwith a deepening as to what value(s) is (and are). From the perspective of the four-phase model, the emphasis will be put on thesocialization and thinking capacities, and parallels will be drawn between the values w ithin the four-phase model, the examinedvalues, and in specific, public housing corporations.

The 34th annual congress of April 10-14 this year took place in Bonita Springs (Florida) where the professionals in real-estate education and research discussed six themes: global economy and capital flows, real estate market cycles, demographic effects, future-proof real estate, disruption in technology and future educational models.

The 34th annual congress of April 10-14 this year took place in Bonita Springs (Florida) where the professionals in real-estate education and research discussed six themes: global economy and capital flows, real estate market cycles, demographic effects, future-proof real estate, disruption in technology and future educational models.

De uitkomst van de mini-workshop hebben we als input gebruikt voor de agenda van de eerste FIBREE NL-Meetup, die op donderdag 21 maart van 16-18 uur in Amsterdam zal plaatsvinden. Concreet willen we dan gaan doorpakken om een werkgroep te vormen voor 'gebouwpaspoort ' en voor 'digitale transacties (huur en koop) '. We denken dat we daarvoor met een drietal aansprekende pitches een zeer actuele, boeiende en doelgerichte inleiding hebben. Meer info en aanmelden voor deze FIBREE NL-Meetup op 21-3 gaat via deze website: https://www.meetup.com/nl-NL/Blockchain-for-Real-Estate-FIBREE-NL/events/259576701/

Gemeenten zijn een belangrijke speler als het gaat om opdrachtgeverschap in de bouw; ze nemen gezamenlijk meer dan de helft van de totale bouwproductie vanuit de overheid voor hun rekening (EIB, 2016). De opdrachtgevende rol is binnen gemeenten veelal op verschillende plaatsen belegd. Deze fragmentatie bemoeilijkt professionalisering en vernieuwing. De TU Delft onderzoekt hoe gemeenten hun opdrachtgevende rol vormgeven en inbedden. Inzicht hierin draagt bij aan het op de juiste plaats ophalen en aandragen van benodigde kennis.

Zorgvastgoed neemt in de Barometer Maatschappelijk Vastgoed een steeds prominentere plaats in. Waar de eerste Barometers nog volledig gefocust waren op gemeentelijk vastgoed, wordt vanaf 2013 een groeiend deel aan zorgvastgoed gewijd, met als kernboodschap: meer marktwerking, extramuralisering en scheiden van wonen en zorg vragen om nieuwe combinaties van wonen, zorg en welzijn, nieuwe financieringsvormen, en nieuwe vormen van samenwerking tussen zorginstellingen, marktpartijen en de overheid. Deze bijdrage schets een beeld van de thema’s en trends die in eerdere Barometers beschreven zijn. Het artikel eindigt met enkele suggesties voor de Barometer 11.0.

Tesselhof, K., R. Kusters, G. Janssens and and J. Veuger (2020), A Proposed Conceptual Framework for   Blockchain Systems, p. 57-72. In: Blockchain Technology and Applications II. Peer reviewed. Nova Science Publishers Inc. New York USA. ISBN 978-1-53617-931-6.

In 2016, I conducted an initial study around healthcare real estate in the Netherlands on behalf of the Association for developers & builders (NVB) to provide a picture of developments around healthcare real estate for investors. This resulted in an essay and an book contribution. Now six years later, it becomes curious how the healthcare real estate developments of the time have progressed to the present day. Before looking at the developments in 2022 compared to 2016, it is important to see how the healthcare real estate developments from 2009 through 2015 evolved where from 2009 only really shows an upward trend in real estate investments. This article consists of the 2016 study (Part I) and a 2023 update (Part II).

The global energy crisis is accelerating, and within Europe, the European Union (EU) is actively working to address this challenge through policy frameworks and political management. However, the energy market remains fiercely competitive, prompting us to explore alternative energy sources and rethink how we generate, distribute, and utilize power. This, in turn, raises questions about the allocation of power, energy availability, and usage in various contexts.

Furthermore, the digital realm is undergoing rapid transformation across multiple sectors. Drawing on my expertise in blockchain technology, I recognize numerous opportunities to enhance the transparency and reliability of data related to energy issues. By leveraging blockchain, we can ensure that the information available is trustworthy and insightful for every user.

The aim of this book is to share my knowledge in the realm of energy and blockchain. It addresses the urgency of addressing global energy challenges and acknowledges the pivotal role of the EU in this endeavor. It also highlights the intensity of competition in the energy market and the need for innovative approaches. The book also demonstrates how blockchain can contribute to solving these issues, empowering individuals and organizations with reliable information and insights in the field of energy and blockchain technology.

The Foundation for International Blockchain and Real Estate Expertise (FIBREE) was founded in Amsterdam in 2018 with the aim of bringing together real estate professionals and blockchain specialists from all over the world to exchange expertise. FIBREE is aware of the current hype about blockchain technology, which does not always contribute to getting to know it better. FIBREE’s mission is to help create a realistic expectation pattern that will allow the real estate market, step by step, to discover and exploit the true potential of blockchain technology. By bringing together the expertise of pioneers in this field and sharing knowledge and insights already gained, FIBREE wants to make an important contribution to the adoption and implementation of this technology in the real estate market in the coming years. This article provides an overview and analysis of all relevant scientific publications in the Netherlands, and does so within a context of a first small international exploration of international research, experts and products.

De zorg is een hoogtechnologische en informatie-intensieve omgeving. Zij is zo complex georganiseerd, dat er zowel voor professionals als voor cliënten onvoldoende over- en inzicht is. Blockchain-technologie kan een uitkomst bieden voor alle partijen, maar ondanks de vele mogelijkheden wordt het nog maar weinig ingezet. "Blockchain in de zorg" voert de lezers daarom langs de principes van de technologie naar de voordelen van toepassing in de zorg, en uiteindelijk naar een paar actuele praktijkvoorbeelden.

De Blockchain is ontwikkeld en ontworpen om integriteit, transparantie, efficiëntie en nauwkeurigheid van gegevens te bereiken. Allemaal aspecten die belangrijk zijn bij uitwisseling van (gevoelige) gegevens in de zorg. Toepassing wordt echter belemmerd, onder andere door verouderde IT-systemen bij zorgpartijen en -leveranciers, maar ook door de fragmentatie in de zorg, waardoor veel partijen het samen eens moeten worden over de toepassing.

Does real estate still have the value that it had, or is the valuation of real estate going to change du eto surprising products and services, innovative business models, other market strategies, innovative ways of organizing and managing in (reale state) markets? Innovation revolves around good facilities in an attractive and stimulating environment. Take disruptive real estate. The driving forces behind these developments are new technology, manoeuvrability,a different way of organization and management. These forces greatly influencethe valuation of real estate. Established names like Nokia, Kodak, Blockbuster, Oad, Free Record Shop, Hyvesand V & D arecollapsing,and, forexample, Hema, Shell, hotelchainsand healthcareinstitutionsareat leastaffected. Disruptive organizations like Amazon, Zalando, Uberand Facebook - which is going to develop acomplete residential area in California- Tesla and its competitor Faraday Future, which wants to surpass Teslain everything, respond to viability in the environment. This viability determines the competitiveness and thus affects the current and future valuation of real estate. Blockchain, a distributed database that maintains a growing list of data items and that is equipped to deal with manipulation and counterfeiting, plays an important role here. Notaries and realtors have already encountered this during the recent period,and it will have further impact on property owners, financiers, users, builders, realtors, notaries and theland registry. The real estate world is therefore ata point of transition: a profound and irreversibletilting of (real estate) systems in society, and ‘technological opportunities that we can not anticipate yet’ (Dijkgraaf 2017). The International Monetary Fund (IMF)also acknowledges the major possible consequences of changes in our financial -and therefore real estate system and held a meeting at the highest level in April 2017 about Blockchain, chaired by Christine Lagarde
.

De totale voorraad van maatschappelijk vastgoed in Nederland vertegenwoordigt een indicatieve waarde - de transactieprijs per vierkante meter van niet woningen per wijk- van 157 miljard euro (Marwijk & Pellenbarg 2012). Jaarlijks gaat er circa 14 miljard euro per jaar aan huisvestingslasten om in het onderwijs, kinderopvang, cultuur, sport, zorg, welzijn en overig vastgoed (Bouwstenen voor Sociaal 2011). Het Kadaster geeft in 2012 aan dat er over geheel Nederland circa 98 miljoen vierkante meter maatschappelijk vastgoed is, waarvan 31 miljoen vierkante publiekmaatschappelijk vastgoed, circa 55 miljoen vierkante meter privaatmaatschappelijk en circa 12 miljoen vierkante meter publiek vastgoed is. Overigens zijn deze voornoemde data wel aan enige inhoudelijke inflatie onderhevig door voortschrijdend inzicht. Dit past ook wel bij de professionalisering op het gebied van maatschappelijk vastgoed. Verder blijkt dat in de Randstad, die de vier grootste steden van Nederland - Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Den Haag en Utrecht en omgeving - omvat, het percentage publiek vastgoed relatief groot is. De voorraad van maatschappelijk vastgoed met 98 miljoen vierkante meter is dan goed te vergelijken met de Nederlandse kantorenvoorraad en de Nederlandse vastgoedvoorraad van de detailhandel, die samen een voorraad vertegenwoordigen van circa 81 miljoen vierkante meter. Kijken we meer naar het vastgoed in bezit van gemeenten dan is de boekwaarde einde jaar op basis van de jaarrekeningen 2009 meer dan 20 miljard euro met een stille reserve van dertien miljard euro (Teuben 2011: 314-316). Ook onderzoek van de Jonge (2013) wijst uit dat we het hebben over meer dan 10.000 objecten alleen al bij gemeenten. De Jonge stelt dan ook dat gemeenten weinig efficiënt werken en commerciële beleggers 90 procent meer inkomsten halen en corporaties 30 procent. Onderzoek door het lectoraat Maatschappelijk Vastgoed wijst dit ook uit (Aalbers en Veuger, 2013).

This book provides an overview of the latest developments on Blockchain technology and its applications. The internet has already made it possible to transfer information quickly and cheaply, without involving intermediaries, while Blockchain gives the same benefits for transferring value. The Internet is used to transfer words and images, while Blockchain is used for transactions. Essentially, Blockchain is a combination of two elements: a shared and distributed ledger with synchronized data spread over multiple sites, countries, and / or institutions, and a cryptography – a digital token with a monetary value.

This technology could have a huge impact on the value chain in our society. This impact includes efficiency, transparency, ownership, value (transfer), automation, and service provision. To understand the world of blockchain, we need to understand the innovation of the currency Bitcoin in 2009, that was built on Blockchain technology. Bitcoin is a combination of four individual elements: (1) cryptography, (2) a peer-to-peer network, (3) an open source protocol and (4) a shared ledger. This makes it a phenomenon that people have been enthusiastic about.

This book is comprised of chapters written by experts on Blockchain from Austria, Brazil, China, Croatia, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, and Switzerland, on the following topics: (1) Blockchain and the Agenda 2030 by Danielle Mendes Thame Denny, (2) Application of Blockchain Technology in the Field of E-Government Services by Jiarui Zhang, (3) Can the Cybersecurity of Smart Building be Improved Using Blockchain Technology? by Ben van Lier, (4) Influence of Blockchain Applications and Digitalization on Real Estate by Jan Veuger, (5) Blockchain: Technology Looking For a Problem in Real Estate? by Jo Bronckers and Jan Veuger et al., (6) Real Estate Start-up Get a Brick by Wendel Hulsebos and Jan Veuger, (7) Blockchain: An Efficiency Solution For Housing Associations? by Michel Vonk, (8) Blockchain Applications in Support of the Energy Transition by Mieke Oostra and Jelle Rijpma, and (9) Many Keys of Blockchain for Real Estate by Esther Dekker.

Blockchain is een sociale, politieke en een economische revolutie en komt voort uit Libertaanse Anarchisme, Crypto-Anarchisme en Cyperpunk. Dit is een filosofie die de bescherming nastreeft van privacy en politieke vrijheid door gebruik te maken van cryptografie. Daar waar het bij internet gaat over informatie overdracht gaat het bij Blockchain over waardeoverdracht en is daarmee te duiden als de vierde technische revolutie. Deze lectorale rede gaat in hoofdstuk 1 in op de vierde technologische revolutie, legt in hoofdstuk 2 Blockchain uit en geeft in hoofdstuk 3 de som van convergentie Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence en Internet of Things weer. Dit alles vraagt ook om na te denken over waarde(n), ethiek, dataïsme, algocratie en digitale kolonisatie waar hoofdstuk 5 een beeld over geeft. In hoofdstuk 6 wordt de landelijke coalitie op het gebied van Blockchain en de aansluiting met het lectoraat geschetst. Hoofdstuk 7 geeft de onderzoeksopdracht van het lectoraat weer die vorm gegeven wordt in minors, masterclasses, het Saxion Blockchain Institute en promotieonderzoeken.

The movement towards each other of different technologies such as Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things, among others, will be an impactful combination of security, interconnection and autonomy on which current processes will run completely differently (Joshi 2018).

A combination of not only Blockchain, AI and IoT technologies, but also other technologies, will shape a different economy in both the digital and physical world. New business models will emerge for companies as we see with Amazon, Cool Blue and bol.com as examples. There are already many overlaps between different technologies as for example with the Beijing Daxing International Airport in China (Veuger 2020: 51) using facial recognition with AI and data on a Blockchain.

Joshi (2018) argues that the convergence of Blockchain, Ai, and IoT can enable organizations to maximize the benefits of each of these technologies while minimizing the risks and limitations associated with them. IoT networks often include many smart devices that collect data from their environment and can take actions based on it, among other things. However, data can also normally be hacked as we regularly hear in the media, but with data on a Blockchain this is virtually impossible.

For example, a proven convergence of Blockchain, AI and IoT is the algorithm of Fujitsu, a Japanese electronics manufacturer, to measure the heat stress level of employees (Joshi 2018). This algorithm monitors all data and can determine correlations to track the health of people in healthcare on a Blockchain database. Healthcare as for is a high-tech and an intensive information environment. Because of this complexity, there can be a lot of ambiguity in insights and Blockchain with structured data can properly secure personal data in relation to privacy. With smart contracts built on Blockchain, premiums can be paid and financial settlements with health insurers can be arranged automatically.

The eventual convergence of various technologies with Blockchain as the cement between them is not yet in the fifth phase of the Garner Hype Cycle. Since 2015 Blockchain has been much in the spotlight as a hype, in 2020 it is starting to develop more and more. The transformation in the fifth phase of the Gartner Hype Cycle is likely to take place in the coming years. In it, practical examples will become the ambassadors for further future developments and bring about convergence between different technologies.

Sources:
Joshsi, N. (2018), What happens when blockchain, IoT, and AI convergence! https://www.allerin.com/blog/what-happens-when-blockchain-iot-and-ai-converge
Veuger, J. (2020), Blockchain Convergentie. Saxion UAS

No one can really predict how the real estate market will develop. However, we can look at patterns, how they might develop and thus give a direction to the future of real estate. This book wants to contribute to that.

COVID-19 has had a considerable influence on society and real estate, particularly in the recent period. We are surprised by a development that we had not seen coming and that has seriously impacted our lives. The various manifestations of lockdowns around the world have been gradually phased out and reset in 2020. This has a structural impact on living, working and shopping and therefore has a direct impact on the use of property. Since COVID-19 will be present in many respects for the foreseeable future, the pandemic will have a significant impact on real estate and urban developments. Perhaps when we look back on this period, this pandemic will prove to have been the starting point for drastic property changes.

Many were surprised by the empty shelves in supermarkets during the first days of the pandemic. The supply chains were running at full speed, but a large part of the retail sector came to a standstill or switched to online. Multi-channel has now really proven itself and COVID-19 has abruptly increased the demands on “last mile” logistics spaces. Much more will change in the area of supply chains. Moreover, in light of increasing trade tensions, there is a trend of onshoring and it is clear that logistics and warehousing will become increasingly important. Public space is also in the spotlight. The importance of parks and greenery was great during the lockdown. Guaranteed distance on streets and squares will remain the focus of attention in the coming period. Space is scarce. We need terraces in order to realize some turnover. And the fact that the car is currently considered a safe means of transport–what does that mean in terms of traffic pressure?

A number of real estate experts in the world at various universities have each looked at developments affecting the future from their own perspective and share that knowledge with everyone. Topics covered in this book are: (1) Blockchain and Real Estate in The Netherlands: A Database Exploring 2015-2018 and Extrapolation to the Future, (2) Principle of Substitution in the face of COVID-19 Pandemic: An Application to Tenant’s Choice in Commercial Real Estate Markets, (3) Selected Aspects of Slovenian Legislation on Lease of Agricultural Land and Forests, (4) Land Value Capture’s Potential in Norwegian Projects, (5) Environmental Stress and Contemporary Understanding of Human-built Environment Relations: Study Case on Zero-Waste City Ljubljana, (6) Property Development Viability and Community Spirit – Rethinking the Safety Angle, (7) Implementation of Land Policy at Local Level, and Impacts of the Functioning of the Real Property Market, (8) Work From Hotels: Is Hybrid the Future and (9) Real Estate as a Service.

The secure storage of medical records is vital to any healthcare system. Relying solely on centralized servers increases the likelihood of sensitive information going public. Transparency and increased security of Blockchain technology make it an ideal platform for storing medical records.

Patients can safely store their privacy-sensitive information by securing their data on a Blockchain using cryptography. This enables them to share their medical information with any healthcare institution with their approval. The healthcare system is currently very fragmented, but if all users were to use a secure global database, the flow of information between them would be much faster.

A great advantage of a global database is that clients do not have to tell their story every time. A medical specialist, for example, can see exactly what a patient has been through and what treatments and examinations have taken place. The information is also available in real time to the healthcare professional the client has indicated to have access to his file.

A new revolution is taking place that is clearly different from the third industrial revolution (Internet, communication and globalization). This fourth industrial revolution involves a fusion of technologies such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of Things, cloud computing and Blockchain. Our healthcare society is also changing fundamentally, also under the influence of COVID-19.

With this book in three chapters, we present the impact of Blockchain and digitization in healthcare with (1) a systematic literature review om implementing blockchain solutions in health care and organizational consequences, (2) Blockchain in health care and (3) transformation of elderly care and impact of digitalization.

This book is a result of international collaboration on blockchain technology and application possibilities. In 2021, the Research Group Blockchain of Saxion University in the Netherlands conducted several webinars, conferences, masterclasses, and research projects, many of which are detailed in this volume.

Whereas the first two volumes of Blockchain Applications and Technology dealt with the technology of blockchain and applications for real estate, this volume provides insights on the impact of blockchain on the financial world, new application possibilities, and an extensive study of blockchain and European higher education systems.

This book will contribute to the knowledge of students, researchers, and the work field on an international level to help them enter the next phase of blockchain development. In the coming years, a further acceleration of the development of applications of blockchain and other emerging technologies is expected.

The 1st Conference of Interdisciplinary Research on Real Estate CIRRE 2016 was  held on the 15th and 16th of September in Ljubljana Slovenia. The conference was organized as part of the 10th anniversary of the Faculty of Law in Ljubljana. Participants were researchers from more than thirteen countries along with about sixty contributions.

The 2nd CIRRE 2017 in Cartagena Spain was my first introduction by participating in the conference with a number of papers and PhD students from my then lectureship in Real Estate at the Hanze University of Applied Sciences in Groningen. When I asked where the CIRRE congress wanted to be organized in 2018, I got the question back: why not in Groningen? And so it happened that in 2018 the CIRRE congress was held in Groningen by Hanze University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands with approximately 100 scientists. This was followed by the 4th CIRRE 2019 held in Trondheim, Norway. Participants were researchers from twelve countries.

For the 2020 congress, the intended location was Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, The Netherlands but due to the pandemic, we pushed it to 2021. Also in 2021 the pandemic was not (yet) over and we decided to have this congress entirely digitally. Many research papers were presented, commented on and improved over a two-day period. From all these submissions, I made a selection of the best potential papers for this book. After two peer reviews, the papers were resubmitted with the attached result of seven chapters.

The global energy crisis is accelerating, and within Europe, the European Union (EU) is actively working to address this challenge through policy frameworks and political management. However, the energy market remains fiercely competitive, prompting us to explore alternative energy sources and rethink how we generate, distribute, and utilize power. This, in turn, raises questions about the allocation of power, energy availability, and usage in various contexts.

Furthermore, the digital realm is undergoing rapid transformation across multiple sectors. Drawing on my expertise in blockchain technology, I recognize numerous opportunities to enhance the transparency and reliability of data related to energy issues. By leveraging blockchain, we can ensure that the information available is trustworthy and insightful for every user.

The aim of this book is to share my knowledge in the realm of energy and blockchain. It addresses the urgency of addressing global energy challenges and acknowledges the pivotal role of the EU in this endeavor. It also highlights the intensity of competition in the energy market and the need for innovative approaches. The book also demonstrates how blockchain can contribute to solving these issues, empowering individuals and organizations with reliable information and insights in the field of energy and blockchain technology.

2018. The year after a decade of Barometer Public Real Estate required a reorientation of the added social and
scientific value of the Barometer. I am convinced, based on ten years of Barometer Public Real Estate, that this
value lies in further professionalisation of the social organisations that employ real estate as an asset for achieving
their social objectives. This increasingly requires you to lift yourself to a higher strategic level as a professional
organisation and to learn from other industry organisations, both nationally and internationally.