Research classification of software modules was done to validate the approaches proposed for addressing limitations in existing classification approaches. The objective of this study was to replicate the experiments of a recently... more
Research classification of software modules was done to validate the approaches proposed for addressing limitations in existing classification approaches. The objective of this study was to replicate the experiments of a recently published research study and re-evaluate its results. The reason to repeat the experiment(s) and re-evaluate the results was to verify the approach to identify the faulty and non-faulty modules applied in the original study for the prioritization of test cases. As a methodology, we conducted this study to re-evaluate the results of the study. The results showed that binary logistic regression analysis remains helpful for researchers for predictions, as it provides an overall prediction of accuracy in percentage. Our study shows a prediction accuracy of 92.9% for the PureMVC Java open source program, while the original study showed an 82% prediction accuracy for the same Java program classes. It is believed by the authors that future research can refine the ...
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Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Especially, type-1 diabetics have required strict glycemic control. In this paper, close loop control system is designed to normalize the high blood glucose... more
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Especially, type-1 diabetics have required strict glycemic control. In this paper, close loop control system is designed to normalize the high blood glucose level for diabetes patients. Glucose-insulin dynamics in blood plasma are represented by Bergman minimal mathematical model which is used as base model. The dynamical variations between different and same individual poses a major challenge in designing of controller for biological systems. The contribution of this research work lies in designing a backstepping based nonlinear controller which perfectly deals with nonlinearities present in the system. In order to visualize the robust behavior, meal and exercise are added as a disturbance factor and controller effectively track the set point value of 70 mg/dL from an initial state of hyperglycemia. The control criteria imposed on the proposed controller are hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.
Research Interests: Medicine and Closed Loop
Automation of insulin infusion by closed loop control method is the center of attention for many researchers for the last few decades. The main idea behind the insulin automation is artificial pancreas for the accurate measurements of... more
Automation of insulin infusion by closed loop control method is the center of attention for many researchers for the last few decades. The main idea behind the insulin automation is artificial pancreas for the accurate measurements of glucose level so the key role is played by the control strategy used to design control algorithm. This paper proposes a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) algorithm based on switching technique to control and maintain the glucose level. We have used mathematical models like Havorka model and Meal Simulation model to deal with the dynamics of insulin and glucagon. Simulation results show that the PID control algorithm performs well in many situations such as insulin sensitivity. To check the effectiveness of the control scheme the glucose profile of patient is generated by using MATLAB. The presented control techniques found to be better as compared to traditional method of insulin injection and are helpful in reducing the risks of hypoglycemia.
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The study was conducted in District Mardan KP Pakistan, with the objectives to find out the sanitation situation and CLTS interventions in the universe of the study and to analyze the afore-mentioned innovative approach expected to... more
The study was conducted in District Mardan KP Pakistan, with the objectives to find out the sanitation situation and CLTS interventions in the universe of the study and to analyze the afore-mentioned innovative approach expected to provide new dimensions for further improvements. The community response was very clear and positive pertaining the activities of IRSP interventions to overcome sanitation situation in the project area. The NGO staff was in contact with community members even after its completion of project tenure. They learnt various in-practice sanitation activities which were very common in daily life but awareness and ignorance was obstacle, like other rural areas in third world countries i.e. using of towel, hand washing with soap, tooth paste, open defecation and construction of latrines. The majority house holds comprising 89 sample size were quite satisfied from their performance. Projects on this novel idea is needed in rural and remote areas of KP to improve thei...
Research Interests: Business and Sanitation
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This paper presents interaction techniques and algorithms for modeling and editing virtual 3D hairstyles with a user-friendly sketching interface. Using a pressure-sensitive tablet, a user makes freeform strokes to mimic a number of... more
This paper presents interaction techniques and algorithms for modeling and editing virtual 3D hairstyles with a user-friendly sketching interface. Using a pressure-sensitive tablet, a user makes freeform strokes to mimic a number of real-world hairstyling operations such as cutting, combing, curling, frizzing, and twisting. Additionally, the user can perform other localized operations such as implanting new hair strands onto a 3D surface (usually the scalp), lengthening the strands, and adjusting hair density. Virtual hairpins can also be placed onto strands to temporarily fix the position of hair which allows for the creation of more advanced styles such as ponytails. The system runs at interactive rates, thereby providing instant visual feedback to users as they work. Unlike existing hair modeling systems that require hours of complicated control point manipulations and parameter tweaking, our interface allows for creating expressive hairstyles quickly and easily, even for first-t...
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With the widespread application of deep learning systems, the robustness of deep neural networks (DNNs) is received increasing attentions recently. By studying the distribution of neurons outputs in DNN models, we found that the behavior... more
With the widespread application of deep learning systems, the robustness of deep neural networks (DNNs) is received increasing attentions recently. By studying the distribution of neurons outputs in DNN models, we found that the behavior patterns of neurons are different for different kinds of DNNs' inputs, e.g. test cases generated by different adversarial attack techniques. In this paper, we extract the neuron behavior patterns of DNNs under different adversarial attack techniques, use them as the guidance for test case selection. Experimental results show that this method is more efficient than random technology.
Research Interests: Computer Science and IEEE
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This research focuses on a decomposed-weighted-sum particle swarm optimization (DWS-PSO) approach that is proposed for optimal operations of price-driven demand response (PDDR) and PDDR-synergized with the renewable and energy storage... more
This research focuses on a decomposed-weighted-sum particle swarm optimization (DWS-PSO) approach that is proposed for optimal operations of price-driven demand response (PDDR) and PDDR-synergized with the renewable and energy storage dispatch (PDDR-RED) based home energy management systems (HEMSs). The algorithm for PDDR-RED-based HEMS is developed by combining a DWS-PSO-based PDDR scheme for load shifting with the dispatch strategy for the photovoltaic (PV), storage battery (SB), and power grid systems. Shiftable home appliances (SHAs) are modeled for mixed scheduling (MS). The MS includes advanced as well as delayed scheduling (AS/DS) of SHAs to maximize the reduction in the net cost of energy ( C E ). A set of weighting vectors is deployed while implementing algorithms and a multi-objective-optimization (MOO) problem is decomposed into single-objective sub-problems that are optimized simultaneously in a single run. Furthermore, an innovative method to carry out the diversified p...
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A demand response (DR) based home energy management systems (HEMS) synergies with renewable energy sources (RESs) and energy storage systems (ESSs). In this work, a three-step simulation based posteriori method is proposed to develop a... more
A demand response (DR) based home energy management systems (HEMS) synergies with renewable energy sources (RESs) and energy storage systems (ESSs). In this work, a three-step simulation based posteriori method is proposed to develop a scheme for eco-efficient operation of HEMS. The proposed method provides the trade-off between the net cost of energy ( C E n e t ) and the time-based discomfort ( T B D ) due to shifting of home appliances (HAs). At step-1, primary trade-offs for C E n e t , T B D and minimal emissions T E M i s s are generated through a heuristic method. This method takes into account photovoltaic availability, the state of charge, the related rates for the storage system, mixed shifting of HAs, inclining block rates, the sharing-based parallel operation of power sources, and selling of the renewable energy to the utility. The search has been driven through multi-objective genetic algorithm and Pareto based optimization. A filtration mechanism (based on the trends e...
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Background: Non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) has been associated with emergence of viral resistance and higher viral loads (VL). Gastrostomy tubes (G-tubes) have been suggested to enhance adherence and improve clinical... more
Background: Non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) has been associated with emergence of viral resistance and higher viral loads (VL). Gastrostomy tubes (G-tubes) have been suggested to enhance adherence and improve clinical outcome but data to support this intervention are limited. Methods: HIV-infected pediatric patients who received a G-tube to improve adherence and/or nutrition between 03/92 and 12/03 were evaluated. Clinical, laboratory, and demographic data were collected by chart review for one year prior to and one year following tube insertion. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariable analyses including GEE (using an independent correlation matrix) were conducted to identify associations between G-tube and decreased VL. GEE adjusts for the intraperson correlation over time and the dependence between observations. Analysis was performed using Stata Version 8.0 se (College Station, TX) Results: Of the 14 evaluable children, 8 received the G-tube to improve adherence,...
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Research Interests: Computer Science, Face Recognition, Face, Parallel Processing, Face Detection, and 15 moreOptimization, Motion estimation, CPU, Multithreading, Object Tracking, Real Time Systems, Local Search, Detectors, Acceleration, Pipelines, Multicore Processing, Multicore processors, Face Tracking, Tracking system, and Multi-Core Processor
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Implicit user modeling has always long since played an important role in supporting personalized web-based e-learning environments and is increasingly important in other learning environments such as serious games. Its main concern is to... more
Implicit user modeling has always long since played an important role in supporting personalized web-based e-learning environments and is increasingly important in other learning environments such as serious games. Its main concern is to unobtrusively and ubiquitously learn from a learner's previous experiences and characteristics, in order to adapt the services to their personal needs. An empirical investigation for understanding learning behavior patterns forms the basis for establishing stronger implicit user modeling mechanisms and this study aims to get a better insight into types of learning behavior. The proposed usage of data mining and visualization elicited some interesting learning behavior patterns. We analyzed these from two perspectives: action frequency and action sequences, based on an expert-designed classification of behavior patterns that helped rank the various action categories according to significance from a user's perspective. The initial results of t...
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Research Interests: Computer Science, Handover, Vertical Handovers & IEEE 802.21, Wireless Mobile Charger, Mobility Management, and 9 moreComputer Network, Wireless and Mobile Networking, Wireless Sensor and Mobile Adhoc Networks, User preferences, Just in Time, Media Independent Handover, Vertical handover, Cross layer, and Decision Process
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Abstract. Channel Equalization plays an important role in reducing distortion and Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) to improve the quality of transmission in Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) channel. Many equalization techniques have been proposed in... more
Abstract. Channel Equalization plays an important role in reducing distortion and Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) to improve the quality of transmission in Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) channel. Many equalization techniques have been proposed in the past but the proposed ...
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In this paper, we describe a simple method for digitally replacing an individual's face in a single photograph with that of another person. Our work focuses on the illumina-tion aspect of face replacement, whereby the lighting... more
In this paper, we describe a simple method for digitally replacing an individual's face in a single photograph with that of another person. Our work focuses on the illumina-tion aspect of face replacement, whereby the lighting con-ditions across a human face in an arbitrary ...
As CORBA is currently the most popular middleware technology for distributed applications, it is desirable to offer it in the current mobile environment. However, the standard approach when deploying CORBA over a wired network is via... more
As CORBA is currently the most popular middleware technology for distributed applications, it is desirable to offer it in the current mobile environment. However, the standard approach when deploying CORBA over a wired network is via TCP/IP, which experiences ...
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This paper describes the implementation of a fast, but accurate, vision-based corner tracker that forms the basis of a pattern-based augmented reality system. The tracker predicts corner positions by computing a homography between known... more
This paper describes the implementation of a fast, but accurate, vision-based corner tracker that forms the basis of a pattern-based augmented reality system. The tracker predicts corner positions by computing a homography between known corner positions on a planar pattern and ...
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Low power and real time very large scale integration (VLSI) architectures of motion estimation (ME) algorithms for mobile devices and applications are presented. The power reduction is achieved by devising a novel correction recovery... more
Low power and real time very large scale integration (VLSI) architectures of motion estimation (ME) algorithms for mobile devices and applications are presented. The power reduction is achieved by devising a novel correction recovery mechanism based on algorithms which allow the use of reduced bit sum of absolute difference (RBSAD) metric for calculating matching error and conversion to full resolution sum of absolute difference (SAD) metric whenever necessary. Parallel and pipelined architectures for high throughput of full search ME corresponding to both the full resolution SAD and the generalized RBSAD algorithm are synthesized using Xilinx Synthesis Tools (XST), where the ME designs based on reduced bit (RB) algorithms demonstrate the reduction in power consumption up to 45% and/or the reduction in area up to 38%.