Ring necked-pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) is bird of order Galliformes. Ring necked-pheasant is also known as gallinaceous bird and game bird. It looks like chicken bird. It is national bird of South Dakota. It is mostly found in wild... more
Ring necked-pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) is bird of order Galliformes. Ring necked-pheasant is also known as gallinaceous bird and game bird. It looks like chicken bird. It is national bird of South Dakota. It is mostly found in wild areas but in Pakistan it exists as Domestic bird. It has high proteins and low fat in its meat. The present study was conducted to check the effect of ascorbic acid on sperm Motility, sperm cytoplasmic membrane integrity, sperm livability and acrosome integrity of Ring-necked pheasant at different concentrations of ascorbic acid (0mM, 1mM, 2mM, 3mM and 4mM) were used. Semen was collected by abdominal massage technique. Motility of sperm was greater than 70%.Then it was processed further. The cryopreservation of semen was checked at various stages like Post Dilution, Post Cooling, Post Equilibration and Post Thawing. Semen was cooled from post-dilution stage (370 C) to post-cooling (200C).Then it further cooled gradually to get post-equilibration stage...
Research Interests: Andrology, Cryopreservation, Sperm, Ascorbic Acid, Acrosome, and 3 moreSemen, Sperm Motility, and Pheasant
Research Interests:
Objective: To determine the frequency of malposition of left sided double lumen endotracheal tube with fiber-optic bronchoscope after its correct positioning by auscultation. Study Design: Prospective observational study. Place and... more
Objective: To determine the frequency of malposition of left sided double lumen endotracheal tube with fiber-optic bronchoscope after its correct positioning by auscultation. Study Design: Prospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Main operation theater, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Jul 2015 to Dec 2016. Methodology: After approval from ethical review committee and consent, 90 patients with American Standards Association (ASA) II and III status were included in study by consecutive sampling. Proper monitoring attached and patients were premedicated. After induction of general anesthesia left sided double lumen tube was inserted by direct laryngoscopy. After inflation of cuffs, auscultation was done to determine correct position of tube. Then position of tube was confirmed by fiber optic bronchoscope. Results: The mean age was 38.13 ± 15.43 years and 66 (73.3%) males. In all the patients, auscultation showed that the left sided double lumentube wer...
Research Interests: Medicine and auscultation
Research Interests:
Objective: To determine the frequency of malposition of left sided double lumen endotracheal tube with fiber-optic bronchoscope after its correct positioning by auscultation. Study Design: Prospective observational study. Place and... more
Objective: To determine the frequency of malposition of left sided double lumen endotracheal tube with fiber-optic bronchoscope after its correct positioning by auscultation. Study Design: Prospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Main operation theater, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Jul 2015 to Dec 2016. Methodology: After approval from ethical review committee and consent, 90 patients with American Standards Association (ASA) II and III status were included in study by consecutive sampling. Proper monitoring attached and patients were premedicated. After induction of general anesthesia left sided double lumen tube was inserted by direct laryngoscopy. After inflation of cuffs, auscultation was done to determine correct position of tube. Then position of tube was confirmed by fiber optic bronchoscope. Results: The mean age was 38.13 ± 15.43 years and 66 (73.3%) males. In all the patients, auscultation showed that the left sided double lumentube wer...
Research Interests: Medicine and auscultation
Objective: To compare three doses of hyperbaric 0.75% bupivacaine and measuring time for home readiness after day care perianal surgery under saddle block anaesthesia.Study Design: Non randomized controlled trial.Place and Duration of... more
Objective: To compare three doses of hyperbaric 0.75% bupivacaine and measuring time for home readiness after day care perianal surgery under saddle block anaesthesia.Study Design: Non randomized controlled trial.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the department of Anaesthesia, CMH Rawalpindi from Jun 2014 to Apr 2015.Material and Methods: In this study 90 patients who presented for perianal day care surgery, were divided in three equal groups. Group A received 7.5 mg, group B 6.0 mg and group C 4.5 mg of hyperbaric 0.75%bupivacaine. Intrathecal injection was given in L4-5 space by 25 G spinal needle in sitting position. Lithotomy position was made after five minutes. After surgery patients were monitored in recovery room. After fulfilling ambulatory and discharge criteria patients were allowed to go home with attendants. Time of intrathecal injection, assessment of above criteria and time of discharge were noted and analyzed.Results: Male patients were 85.6% an...
Research Interests:
Alcohol, heroin, inhalants and similar are considered as drug of abuse in our society. These can ruin the lives of everyone. Infact these are slow poisons. Mostly teen agers are big victims of these drugs. They may be more likely to... more
Alcohol, heroin, inhalants and similar are considered as drug of abuse in our society. These can ruin the lives of everyone. Infact these are slow poisons. Mostly teen agers are big victims of these drugs. They may be more likely to engage in harmful behavior. Alcohol, cigarettes, and crack cocaine are the most often consumed drugs by young people. Our objectives are to identify the effects of abusing drugs in our society and play a role to stop it. The study was done in the Faisalabad division by the interviews of people who were drug addicts through the questionnaire. This survey research was completed in March 2020 to June 2020. We interviewed about 450 drug addicts and we have found about six abusing drugs among those. The drugs were alcohol, heroin, marijuana, allergic injection, inhalant and opium and the percentage of addicts were 24, 30, 15, 14, 10 and 07 respectively. We also found 9% females and 91% males were involve and 25% were teen ager, 60% were between 20 to 40 years...
Research Interests:
In the present study, prevalence of Clostridium perfringens in the healthy and diseased sheep of Kashmir valley was investigated along with the detection of the various toxinotypes present. A total of One hundred (100) faecal samples of... more
In the present study, prevalence of Clostridium perfringens in the healthy and diseased sheep of Kashmir valley was investigated along with the detection of the various toxinotypes present. A total of One hundred (100) faecal samples of ovine population comprising of those taken from healthy flock (50) and from diarrheic cases (50) of the organized and unorganized sectors of Kashmir valley were collected for screening of Clostridium perfringens. On complete isolation and identification, a total of 61 samples were found to be positive for the presence of C. perfringens with a prevalence of 42% and 80% from healthy and diarrheic cases respectively. Molecular typing of the isolates by multiplex PCR employing cpa, cpb, etx, and iap genes revealed 37(60.65%) isolates were Type A, 2 (3.27%) were Type B, 1(1.63%) Type C, and 21(34.42%) were Type D respectively, while no isolate of C. perfringens Type E was recovered from any of the samples collected.
Research Interests:
It has grown into a significant part of the country's economy as well as a primary supply of white meat and nutrition for the average family. People were interrogated by questionnaire. In this, we included all types and every age of... more
It has grown into a significant part of the country's economy as well as a primary supply of white meat and nutrition for the average family. People were interrogated by questionnaire. In this, we included all types and every age of people. Many questions were asked. Industry trends in the meat sector contribute to various meat varieties such as beef, mutton, poultry, and camel, among others. The majority of chicken production takes place on large-scale farms throughout Pakistan's provinces. Chicken is emerging meat industry but beef is still at top so far. Fishery is an important part of Pakistan's economy, as it is a significant source of revenue for coastal residents. Red meat is a nutrient-dense diet that contains significant levels of protein, vital amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, including vitamin A, iron, and zinc, all of which are commonly deficient in the world. However, several studies have connected red meat consumption to a variety of health risks, inclu...
Research Interests:
Objective: To determine the safety of unilateral spinal anesthesia in elderly patients with cardiac failure undergoing major lower limb surgery.Study Design: Prospective, quasi- experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: Department... more
Objective: To determine the safety of unilateral spinal anesthesia in elderly patients with cardiac failure undergoing major lower limb surgery.Study Design: Prospective, quasi- experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesiology, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, during the period of October 2012 to December 2013.Material and Methods: In this study, 20, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) III and IV patients with different severities of heart failure due to previous myocardial infarction (MI), aged between 60-110 years undergoing unilateral lower limb orthopaedic surgery were included by non probability consecutive sampling. All patients received unilateral spinal anesthesia using hyperbaric 0.75% Bupivacaine 7.5mg. They were given preload of 2ml/kg colloid. Patients were placed in the lateral position with fractured limb on lower side and kept in this position for 10 minutes. Haemodynamic variations were monitored and recorded for the whole du...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Objective: To find the effect of dexmedetomidine on acute post-operative analgesia and on postoperative opioid requirement. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at department of... more
Objective: To find the effect of dexmedetomidine on acute post-operative analgesia and on postoperative opioid requirement. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at department of Anaesthesia and Intensive care, CMH Rawalpindi, from Jan 2015 to Oct 2015. Methodology: In this study 80 patients were divided in two equal groups. Group A was controlled group in which saline infusion was used and Group B was study group in which dexmedetomidine infusion was used. Both groups were anesthetized with similar technique and were given nalbuphine 0.1mg/kg in the beginning. Group B was started dexmedetomidine almost half hour before end of procedure and group A was given normal saline. Infusion of dexmedetomidine continued for 8 hours postoperatively. Rescue nalbuphine of 0.05mg/kg was given in both groups when visual analogue scale score was 3 or more. Results: Eighty patients including 48 (60%) males and 32 (40%) females were enrolled in s...
Research Interests:
Bacteriophages (phages) discovered during the early 20th century can find a novel use as an effective approach for the control of foodborne bacterial pathogens. Phages are natural enemies of bacteria, infect and multiply within their... more
Bacteriophages (phages) discovered during the early 20th century can find a novel use as an effective approach for the control of foodborne bacterial pathogens. Phages are natural enemies of bacteria, infect and multiply within their specific host bacterial species and are stable under varied pH and temperature conditions. Various types of phage treatments have been used to reduce contamination of foods with foodborne bacterial pathogens, facilitating pre-harvest and post-harvest control of foodborne pathogens and also the decontamination of inanimate surfaces in food-processing facilities and other food establishments. Several companies have developed phage based products for their applications in food safety that have been approved by FDA, United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other such agencies, for their usage in food/feed additives. Phage therapy in biocontrol of food borne pathogens is proving to be beneficial for food safety and public health. However, furt...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The present investigation was undertaken to study antimicrobial resistance of Bacillus cereus strains (118) isolated from foods of animal origin against a panel of antimicrobial agents (10) by disc diffusion assay. The antibiotics that... more
The present investigation was undertaken to study antimicrobial resistance of Bacillus cereus strains (118) isolated from foods of animal origin against a panel of antimicrobial agents (10) by disc diffusion assay. The antibiotics that were found highly effective against the isolates were gentamicin (100%), ciprofloxacin (99.15%), chloramphenicol (91.5%) followed by streptomycin (88.13%). However, a higher level of resistance was recorded against Penicillin-G (91.52%), ampicillin (43.22%), tetracycline (33.05%), linezolid (31.35%), erythromycin (30.50%) and amoxycillin (26.27%). Among a total of 118 isolates 102 (86.44%) of the isolates showed resistance to less than five antibiotics and 16 (13.56%) of isolates showed resistance to more than five antibiotics. Of the 39 phenotypically tetracycline resistant isolates of B. cereus, tetracycline resistant genes namely tetA gene could be detected in 36, tetB in 12 and tetC in none of the isolates by polymerase chain reaction. The detecti...
Research Interests:
Shoukat S, Wani H, Ali U, Para PA, Ara S and Ganguly S (2007). Brucellosis: A current review update on zoonosis. J. Immunol. Immunopathol. 19(2): 61-69. Brucellosis is an infectious, contagious zoonotic disease which is spread worldwide,... more
Shoukat S, Wani H, Ali U, Para PA, Ara S and Ganguly S (2007). Brucellosis: A current review update on zoonosis. J. Immunol. Immunopathol. 19(2): 61-69. Brucellosis is an infectious, contagious zoonotic disease which is spread worldwide, caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Brucellae are facultative intracellular parasites of the reticuloendothelial system and is characterised by wave-like variations in the body temperature of afflicted victims. It was formerly known as Mediterranean fever, Malta fever or undulant fever. Its modern name bears tribute to Sir David Bruce, the military physician who discovered the aetiologic agent, Brucella melitensis. The disease primarily affects cattle, sheep, goats, swine and dogs. The different Brucella spp. includes B. melitensis, Brucella abortus, Brucella canis and Brucella suis, and their preferential hosts are sheep/goats, cattle/bison, dogs and pigs, respectively. However, cross-species infections can occur; for example cattle can be affected by both B. abortus and B. melitensis at the same time [Abdussalam and Fein (1976). Developments in Biological Standardization, 31: 23]. Hence, from epidemiological evidence, the three species (B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis) have distinct host preferences, and the organisms are capable to cause an infection in a wide range of host species, including humans. Cross transmission of brucellosis can occur between cattle, swine, sheep and goats and other species including dogs, horses, feral swine, bison, rein deer and camels [Than (2007). Prevalence survey of bovine brucellosis (Brucella abortus) in dairy cattle in Yangon, Myanmar. A Thesis Submitted to Chiang Mai University and Freie University at Berlin in a Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Veterinary Public Health].
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Listeriosis is an important bacterial zoonosis caused by the pathogenic species of the genus Listeria. The genus Listeria currently contains 17 species: L. aquatica, L. booriae, L. cornellensis, L. fleischmannii, L. floridensis, L.... more
Listeriosis is an important bacterial zoonosis caused by the pathogenic species of the genus Listeria. The genus Listeria currently contains 17 species: L. aquatica, L. booriae, L. cornellensis, L. fleischmannii, L. floridensis, L. grandensis, L. grayi, L. innocua, L. ivanovii, L. marthii, L. monocytogenes, L. newyorkensis, L. riparia, L. rocourtiae, L. seeligeri, L. weihenstephanensis and L. welshimeri. L. dinitrificans, previously thought to be part of the Listeria genus, was reclassified into the new genus Jonesia, of which only L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii are pathogenic. Recently, five more species have paved their way in this genus that is L. floridensis, L. aquatica, L. cornellensis, L. riparia and L. grandensis; however, these all are non-pathogenic. L. ivanovii, the other pathogenic species of genus Listeria, has been thought to be frequently associated with abortions in sheep and in cattle. Although L. ivanovii infection in humans is rare, there are reports of isolation from cases of AIDS and abortion. The remaining species are regarded as non-pathogenic. Out of these, L. monocytogenes is of major concern as it accounts for about 98% of human and 85% of animal listeriosis cases.
Research Interests:
Objective: To find out whether pre-emptive thoracic epidural analgesia is superior to conventional postoperative epidural analgesia for post-thoracotomy pain. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study:... more
Objective: To find out whether pre-emptive thoracic epidural analgesia is superior to conventional postoperative epidural analgesia for post-thoracotomy pain. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of anesthesia and critical care, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Apr 2017 to Aug 2017. Methodology: After ethical committee approval and informed consent from patients, 40 patients undergoing thoracotomy were included in study. Preoperatively thoracic epidural catheter was inserted at T7-9 intervertebral space level. Group P was given 0.1ml/kg of 0.125% bupivacaine before induction of anesthesia; whereas group C was administered 5 ml 0.125% bupivacaine after closure of wound in supine position. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess pain severity at 1 and 24 hours postoperatively, both at rest and after cough (R1, R24, C1 and C24 respectively). Data were analyzed with SPSS 16. Results: There was no statistical difference in dem...