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- I have been working as a Dean at Institute of Southern Punjab,Multan Pakistan. So far about 400 students have complet... moreI have been working as a Dean at Institute of Southern Punjab,Multan Pakistan. So far about 400 students have completed their M.Phil under my supervision and around 350 research papers have been published in different impact factor international journals. I have so far written eight books on different topics. My field of research and profile can be seen at Google Scholar.edit
Wage, gender and income inequalities and low productivity are the main issues confronting many developing countries like Pakistan and these issues need in depth investigation in order to understand their causes and effects. A structured... more
Wage, gender and income inequalities and low productivity are the main issues confronting many developing countries like Pakistan and these issues need in depth investigation in order to understand their causes and effects. A structured questionnaire was administered to 307 employees in public and private educational institutions. Various statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, correlation matrices, ANOVA tests, and multiple regression analysis were employed to estimate relationship between dependent and independent variables. The findings revealed a significant positive association between wages and employee productivity, suggesting that higher wages lead to increased productivity levels. Conversely, income levels displayed a negative correlation with productivity, implying that higher incomes may diminish motivation for improving performance. This suggests that policymakers and institutions should explore alternative motivational factors beyond just income to enhance employee engagement and performance.
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There is a critical issues oof wage disparity, gender inequality and women discrimination specially in Pakistan and a lot of research and policy initiatives have been taken but this issue is still existing and hurting the economy of the... more
There is a critical issues oof wage disparity, gender inequality and women discrimination specially in Pakistan and a lot of research and policy initiatives have been taken but this issue is still existing and hurting the economy of the country. Therefore, this study aims at examining the sensitivity of gender problem and wage inequality in Pakistan, using primary data collected through a structured questionnaire from 348 participants and applying mixed qualitative and quantitative methods. The selected variables of this study were the labor market inefficiency, gender inequality, Wage disparities, Labor market inefficiency, Education and Public Policies. Wage disparity was dependent variable and all other variables were independent variables. The findings reveal that there is wide range of gender disparities in labor market participation as well as wage disparity and discrimination with working women. In the light of these findings, the study suggest that policy makers should intervene to remove discriminatory practices against women in employment and education.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate in the relationship between wage inequality, unskilled workers, inflation, foreign direct investment and low per capita income of workers in services sector. The author utilized time series... more
The purpose of this study is to investigate in the relationship between wage inequality, unskilled workers, inflation, foreign direct investment and low per capita income of workers in services sector. The author utilized time series secondary data of 20 years to examine empirical relationship between dependent variable, per capita income, and independent variables such as foreign direct investment (FDI), inflation, unemployment, population growth and wages. Different statistical tools such as ADF Test, Correlation matrix, ARDL Model, Error Correction Model, Granger causality and Ramsey Reset test were employed to analyze these relationships. The empirical findings reveal that FDI has positive association with dependent variable, per capita income, while population growth unemployment and wages have negative relationship with it. The study suggests that the Government of Pakistan should boost FDI, control population growth, inflation, wage rate and reduces unemployment to improve per capita income of workers in service sector.
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This paper explores link among financial literacy, financial inclusion, and microfinance development in Pakistan to understand their impact on economic growth and individual well-being. The objectives of this paper are to examine these... more
This paper explores link among financial literacy, financial inclusion, and microfinance development in Pakistan to understand their impact on economic growth and individual well-being. The objectives of this paper are to examine these relationships and draw meaningful conclusion based on their interconnectedness. The empirical findings reveal that active borrowers have positive and significant impact on microfinance development, emphasizing the need to expand access to microfinance services. The study suggests: (i) to improve financial literacy (ii) to expands access to financial services (iii) to introduce innovating microfinance products and (iv) to cut interest rate on microfinance loans and soften collateral conditions.
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The main aim of this study is to explore the role of technology and human capital in the development of renewable energy. The study used time series data from Pakistan spanning from 2005 to 2022 and employs Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)... more
The main aim of this study is to explore the role of technology and human capital in the development of renewable energy. The study used time series data from Pakistan spanning from 2005 to 2022 and employs Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Granger Causality tests for estimations. The estimation results of OLS reveal that human capital and technology innovation have a positive and significant impact on renewable energy development in Pakistan. Based on these findings, we suggest that the government should prioritize investments in education and training programs to build a skilled workforce in renewable energy and related technologies, offering incentives for students to pursue relevant studies and supporting for research and development in renewable energy technologies and encouraging collaboration among academia, industry, government and global organizations.
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It is generally assumed that money and financial success plays crucial role in human wellbeing and it further motivates him to accumulate more wealth for increasing his satisfaction. To test this assumption statistically this study has... more
It is generally assumed that money and financial success plays crucial role in human wellbeing and it further motivates him to accumulate more wealth for increasing his satisfaction. To test this assumption statistically this study has aimed at analyzing relationship between money, financial success and human well-being through primary data analysis. The dependent variable was human well-being which was proxied of human happiness while independent variables include money and financial success. The findings reveal that there is a positive and significant association between money, financial success and human well-being. Therefore, the study suggests that access to finance and increasing earning opportunities for the youth can enhance their socioeconomic well-being.
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This study aims to analyze the impacts of an imports-led tax growth strategy on the trade deficit and exchange rate in Pakistan, utilizing secondary data spanning over the period from 2001 to 2019, The study employed Auto-regressive... more
This study aims to analyze the impacts of an imports-led tax growth strategy on the trade deficit and exchange rate in Pakistan, utilizing secondary data spanning over the period from 2001 to 2019, The study employed Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to determine both short-run and long-run relationships between independent and dependent variables. The independent variables include Tax Revenue, Exchange rate, Imports, Inflation, Money supply and Exports while dependent variable was Trade Deficit. The findings reveal a positive relationship between trade deficit and tax revenue with exchange rate and trade deficit, while money supply and imports exhibit a positive relationship with trade deficit. Conversely, exports and exchange rate display a negative association with trade deficit. The study suggests that Pakistan should curtail its import volume and enhance tax revenue to mitigate trade deficit and achieve exchange rate stability.
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This research paper has compared the role of print media in shaping national identity in the light of the selected editorials of two leading Pakistani English Newspapers, "Daily Dawn" and "The News international". The editorials were... more
This research paper has compared the role of print media in shaping national identity in the light of the selected editorials of two leading Pakistani English Newspapers, "Daily Dawn" and "The News international". The editorials were selected randomly and analyzed through contents analytical technique. The national identity was examined in the context of culture and national politics. The findings of the study found significant differences in the portrayal of national identity by these two Newspapers. The study also found that culture and politics have strong impact on the perception of national identity. The results highlight the fact that print media still has significant impact in formation of national identity and molding public opinion and the policy makers and media managers should not overlook its role.
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This research paper explores the multifaceted causes of public policy failure and the fragility of the public health system during the COVID-19 pandemic, shedding light on the resulting social immobility. A questionnaire with 17... more
This research paper explores the multifaceted causes of public policy failure and the fragility of the public health system during the COVID-19 pandemic, shedding light on the resulting social immobility. A questionnaire with 17 statements was administered to 250 participants from public and private universities to collect primary data. Responses were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale, and statistical tools, including percentage point and mean score calculations, were applied and results presented in tables and figures. The study found that a significant majority of participants adopted protective measures during the pandemic, including avoiding handshakes, limiting contact with infected individuals, wearing masks, and reducing social activities. The public policy framework was perceived as fragile, and healthcare professionals were deemed ineffective, primarily due to their lack of preparedness and training. The policy makers must have policies in place to save elders from such fatal disease,
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This study has examined complex relationship between Balance of payment, trade deficit, inflation and exports. GDP is dependent variable while trade deficit, Inflation, balance of payment and exports are independent variables. The study... more
This study has examined complex relationship between Balance of payment, trade deficit, inflation and exports. GDP is dependent variable while trade deficit, Inflation, balance of payment and exports are independent variables. The study has used yearly time series data spanning from 1990 to 2022 and employed different statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, correlation Matrix, ADF Test, ARDL, Error Correction Model and Granger Causality test. The results of the ARDL model show that exports, inflation and trade deficit have positive association with GDP while balance of payment has negative relationship with it in the long run.The study suggests that the Government of Pakistan should take corrective measures to reduce balance of payment as it is hurting economic growth.
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The objective of this research paper is to investigate the causes of water shortage, low crop yields and food crisis in Pakistan, using time series data from 1991 to 2019 to predict the behavior of corps production and food security in... more
The objective of this research paper is to investigate the causes of water shortage, low crop yields and food crisis in Pakistan, using time series data from 1991 to 2019 to predict the behavior of corps production and food security in future. Crop yield was dependent variable whereas water availability, precipitation, seed, fertilizer and pesticides were used as independent variables. Various statistical techniques such as Descriptive statistics, ADF Test, Correlation Matrix, ARDL Model, Bound Test and Error Correction Model to analyze the data. The findings of study show that all independent variables except precipitation have positive relationship with crop yield. The comparison of the results of ARDL and ECM Models shows that the variables like water, seed, fertilizer and pesticides have more significant and positive relationship with crop yield in the short run than in the long run.
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This research has been conducted to investigate the impact of digital transformation on the delivery pattern of healthcare services in public and private hospitals in Multan, Pakistan. In order to determine causal relationship between... more
This research has been conducted to investigate the impact of digital transformation on the delivery pattern of healthcare services in public and private hospitals in Multan, Pakistan. In order to determine causal relationship between artificial intelligence, digital transformation, financial impediments and the delivery of healthcare services primary data was collected from 200 medical professionals and para-medical staff from 12 public and private hospitals through a structured questionnaire. The empirical results reveal a positive and statistically significant association between artificial intelligence, digital transformation, financial barriers and delivery of healthcare services. The study suggests the use of latest artificial intelligence to make the delivery of healthcare services more efficient and effective.
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This research paper delves into an exploration of the intricate relationships between accountability, foreign direct investment (FDI), capital formation (CF), technological advancement (TA), and economic growth (GDP) spanning the period... more
This research paper delves into an exploration of the intricate relationships between accountability, foreign direct investment (FDI), capital formation (CF), technological advancement (TA), and economic growth (GDP) spanning the period from 1996 to 2019. The data was collected from World Development indicators, Transparency International, Asian Development Bank, Pakistan Economic Survey, and the State Bank of Pakistan. Different statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root tests, bound tests, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Error Correction Model (ECM) and Granger causality tests, were employed to navigate the intricate relationships among these pivotal variables. The empirical results of ARDL model revealed statistically significant positive effects of Accountability (ACT), Fixed Capital (FC), and Technological Advancement (TA) on GDP, underscoring their vital roles in bolstering economic growth. In contrast, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has no significant long-term impacts on GDP.
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The main purpose of teacher training in Pakistan is to increase the teacher's competency towards teaching learning process in the education department. The objectives of this study is to investigate how teacher training affects... more
The main purpose of teacher training in Pakistan is to increase the teacher's competency towards teaching learning process in the education department. The objectives of this study is to investigate how teacher training affects the students' achievements in the class. For this purpose, 20 schools were selected from District Khanewal. A questionnaire was developed to collected data. The respondents were divided into two groups: one group was taught by trained teachers while other group was taught by untrained teachers. Their views were recorded on the questionnaire. At the end of this experiment, a big difference was seen among those students who were taught by trained teachers while nominal change was noted among students taught by untrained teachers. So our results suggest that teachers must be trained for the better academic achievements of the students. Cramming system should be discouraged in the schools.
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This study was designed to investigate the effects of early marriages on girl's education. The core assumption of this study was that early marriage is one of the major socio-cultural customs that compelled early marriage of... more
This study was designed to investigate the effects of early marriages on girl's education. The core assumption of this study was that early marriage is one of the major socio-cultural customs that compelled early marriage of school-going girls. To study the effects of early marriage we collected data from 50 married girls, having age from 15 to 30 years. The results show that 94% of the respondents regretted over their early marriages, 92% said that they had negative effects on their lives due to early marriage, 92% of the school girls were married due to poverty, 24% of the school girls were married because they were pregnant. We recommend that the government should launch awareness campaign on media against early marriage and benefits of education.
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ASBRACT Objective of study: The objective of this study is to investigate the satisfaction level of the franchisee. This research took 24 months (2 years) approximately to be completed. Methodology: Both primary and secondary data was... more
ASBRACT Objective of study: The objective of this study is to investigate the satisfaction level of the franchisee. This research took 24 months (2 years) approximately to be completed. Methodology: Both primary and secondary data was used in this research. Primary data was collected with the help of testified five point Likert scale questionnaires from 23 cities of the Punjab province (Pakistan). Secondary data was collected from the research articles, annual reports of the telecom companies, research periodicals and magazines. Data collection: The population of the study was the province of Punjab and sample was taken from 23 cities. For this purpose, 250 questionnaires were distributed in 23 different cities of the Punjab. Convenient sampling method was used in collection of data. Out of 250, 231 questionnaires were received and the response rate was the (n=231) responses (92.4%), which was satisfactory for this analysis. The 'cross-sectional' data was analyzed through St...
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The main objective of this research paper is to investigate into the association between external debt and exchange rate volatility, utilizing 35 years' time series data spanning over a period from 1985 to 2020. Different analytical... more
The main objective of this research paper is to investigate into the association between external debt and exchange rate volatility, utilizing 35 years' time series data spanning over a period from 1985 to 2020. Different analytical techniques such as descriptive statistics, ADF's unit root test, Bound test, ARDL model, and Error Correction Model were employed to determine short run and long run relationship between variables. The exchange rate was dependent variable while independent variables include inflation, interest rate, GDP growth rate, Current account balance, terms of trade and external debt. The empirical analysis reveals negative association between external debt with exchange rate and increasing the volume of external debt increases volatility of exchange rate in Pakistan. Therefore, the study suggests that monetary authorities and fiscal managers should reduce the stock of external debt at sustainable level by boosting tax revenue.
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This study investigates the intricate nexus between per capita income, social safety networks, and human happiness, using primary data, collected from 250 participants working in both public and private universities of Southern Punjab,... more
This study investigates the intricate nexus between per capita income, social safety networks, and human happiness, using primary data, collected from 250 participants working in both public and private universities of Southern Punjab, Pakistan through a questionnaire. 5-Points Likert Scale was used to record the views of participants on various items of questionnaire. The findings reveal that Per capita income, social networks, education, good health, environmental, social relationships, and democracy exhibit a positive association with human happiness. Conversely, income inequality, political instability, advancing age, and inflation demonstrate a negative relationship with human happiness. In the light of these findings, this study suggests (i) to focus on mitigating political instability (ii) reducing income inequality, (iii) and controlling inflation to improve overall happiness levels of people.
The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of deficit-financing on economic growth of these two countries, using time series data from 1990 to 2020. Economic growth was taken as dependent variable and budget deficit, broad... more
The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of deficit-financing on economic growth of these two countries, using time series data from 1990 to 2020. Economic growth was taken as dependent variable and budget deficit, broad money growth, exports as percentage of GDP and FDI were chosen as independent variables. ARDL approach was applied to analyze the relationship between dependent and independent variables in the long run and short run. The findings of the study reveals that there is a strong positive relationship between deficit financing and economic growth in Pakistan but is weak Malaysia, while broad money growth, exports in both countries have positive association with economic growth. FDI also has positive effect on growth in Malaysia but negative effect on growth in Pakistan.
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The main objective of this study is to assess the influence of cultural and traditional behaviors on climate change adaptation in Pakistan. For this purpose, data were gathered using a questionnaire administered to 200 participants from... more
The main objective of this study is to assess the influence of cultural and traditional behaviors on climate change adaptation in Pakistan. For this purpose, data were gathered using a questionnaire administered to 200 participants from diverse professions such as medicine, law, and education in Multan, Lahore, and Sahiwal divisions. 5-points Likert scale and Multiple Regression analysis were used to determine relationship between tradition, culture and climate change adaptation. The study found that cultural beliefs and values play a pivotal role in forming individuals' perceptions about climate change and influence their adaptive behaviors. These findings have valuable insight for policy makers to formulate effective climate change adaptation policies to prevent climate-related disasters.
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This research paper aims to investigate the ramifications of the rapid expansion of housing societies on agriculture crop production in Pakistan. Utilizing a combination of primary and secondary data sources, the study assesses the impact... more
This research paper aims to investigate the ramifications of the rapid expansion of housing societies on agriculture crop production in Pakistan. Utilizing a combination of primary and secondary data sources, the study assesses the impact of housing societies on agricultural land and crop production. The study scrutinizes the correlation between population growth rate and agricultural production over the period of 1972-2017. The findings reveal a threefold increase in population growth from 1972 to 2017, while agricultural production exhibited nominal growth. Around 20% to 40%, of agricultural land has been converted into residential areas due to the proliferation of cooperative housing societies.
This research investigates the motivation of higher secondary school students to determine whether they are motivated by instrumental, integrative, leaning environment or the personality of teachers. The study's unique hypothesis posits... more
This research investigates the motivation of higher secondary school students to determine whether they are motivated by instrumental, integrative, leaning environment or the personality of teachers. The study's unique hypothesis posits that Pakistani students exhibit instrumental motivation in their pursuit of English proficiency. The results support this hypothesis, indicating that the students are predominantly instrumentally motivated, aligning with similar studies in the Arab world. Integrative motivation, related to cultural immersion, was found to be low. However, the students demonstrated a high overall motivation to learn English, reflecting its cultural importance in Pakistan. The study did not strongly support teacher-related demotivating factors.
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The objective of this research paper is to analyze the impact of youth unemployment on Pakistan’s economy by using time series data of 29 years from 1990 to 2019. The unemployment was selected as dependent variable whereas annual... more
The objective of this research paper is to analyze the impact of youth unemployment
on Pakistan’s economy by using time series data of 29 years from 1990 to 2019. The
unemployment was selected as dependent variable whereas annual population
growth, interest rate, inflation, FDI, external debt and wages were selected as
independent variables. Different statistical techniques such as Descriptive statistics,
Correlation Analysis, ADF test, Bond test, ARDL model and Error Correction Model
(ECM) were used to determine long run and short run relationship between variables.
The findings of the study reveal that youth unemployment has significant negative
effect on economic growth and the society in the long run. The study suggest that the
government should create more jobs to reduce unemployment in the youth.
on Pakistan’s economy by using time series data of 29 years from 1990 to 2019. The
unemployment was selected as dependent variable whereas annual population
growth, interest rate, inflation, FDI, external debt and wages were selected as
independent variables. Different statistical techniques such as Descriptive statistics,
Correlation Analysis, ADF test, Bond test, ARDL model and Error Correction Model
(ECM) were used to determine long run and short run relationship between variables.
The findings of the study reveal that youth unemployment has significant negative
effect on economic growth and the society in the long run. The study suggest that the
government should create more jobs to reduce unemployment in the youth.
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Introduction: Growing environmental pollution and its impact on human beings and other living organisms are the major issue confronting the world economy. There is worldwide movement to control expanding pollution and lessening its... more
Introduction: Growing environmental pollution and its impact on human beings and other living organisms are the major issue confronting the world economy. There is worldwide movement to control expanding pollution and lessening its negative effects. The economists have made extensive studies to measure the impact of environmental pollution on economic development. Objective: The objective of this study to investigate into the causes of environmental pollution and its impact on economic development in South Asia and policy initiatives taken by different stakeholders to reduce its negative effects. Research Problem: The research problem of this study is to investigate “Environmental Challenges to South Asian Countries and their impact on their economies and societies”. The author has analyzed socio-economic impact of environmental degradation in South Asian countries. Methodology: The methodology of the study is descriptive in nature because it mostly involves the description of e...
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The objective of this paper is to look at the sociolinguistic factors that mostly affect students' performance due to gender differences. For this purpose, we took a sample of 150 students studying at secondary schools in Vehari city.... more
The objective of this paper is to look at the sociolinguistic factors that mostly affect students' performance due to gender differences. For this purpose, we took a sample of 150 students studying at secondary schools in Vehari city. Among these students, 75 were girls and 75 were boys.We developed a questionnaire to record the views of teachers on this issue. The author personally collected data through questionnaires. We analysed students' performance on gender based differences regarding four skills listening, speaking, reading and writing in curricular and co-curricular activities and then compare the results. The finding of our study is that girls performed better than boys in curricular and co-curricular activities. The results of our study is useful both for teachers, policy-makers and heads of educational institutions.
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This study empirically analyzes the relationship between the devaluation of currency and inflation in Pakistan by using time series data from 2001 to 2018. Although the government in Pakistan adopted policies to stabilize prices and boost... more
This study empirically analyzes the relationship between the devaluation of currency and inflation in Pakistan by using time series data from 2001 to 2018. Although the government in Pakistan adopted policies to stabilize prices and boost exports yet exchange rate depreciation is observed over the years coupled with an increase in inflation. The exchange rate is predominantly a key element of international trade because a country fails to meet the demand of its population through endowed natural resources in a close economy that they have. So, they depend on other markets for the fulfillment of their demand. Eventually, exchange rate and inflation are the main determinants of macroeconomic evaluation in a country. This research work examines the relationship between the devaluation of currency and inflation in Pakistan over the period from 2001 to 2018, with the application of the cointegration test, VECM model, and correlation analysis. In an econometric model Inflation (INF) is ta...
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The objective of this research paper is to analyze the impact of corruption and capital flight on Pakistan economy. The author used cross sectional data from 1995 to 2018 for this purpose. The dependent variable of this study was capital... more
The objective of this research paper is to analyze the impact of corruption and
capital flight on Pakistan economy. The author used cross sectional data from 1995
to 2018 for this purpose. The dependent variable of this study was capital flight while
independent variables include corruption perception index (CPI) gross domestic
product (GDP) capital flight (CF), inflation (INF), exchange rate (EXR) and interest
rate. Different econometric techniques such as descriptive statistics, correlation
analysis, Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test and Autoregressive Distributional Lag
(ARDL) and ECM were applied to analyze data. The findings of this study show that
there is positive and significant positive relationship between corruption and capital
flight. Thus, corruption must be eradicated to control capital flight.
capital flight on Pakistan economy. The author used cross sectional data from 1995
to 2018 for this purpose. The dependent variable of this study was capital flight while
independent variables include corruption perception index (CPI) gross domestic
product (GDP) capital flight (CF), inflation (INF), exchange rate (EXR) and interest
rate. Different econometric techniques such as descriptive statistics, correlation
analysis, Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test and Autoregressive Distributional Lag
(ARDL) and ECM were applied to analyze data. The findings of this study show that
there is positive and significant positive relationship between corruption and capital
flight. Thus, corruption must be eradicated to control capital flight.
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The objective of this research paper is to analyze the impact of monetary policy on stock prices in Pakistan. For this purpose, time series data of 37 years from 1980 to 2019 was taken from the website of Pakistan Stock Exchange. The... more
The objective of this research paper is to analyze the impact of monetary policy on stock prices in Pakistan. For this purpose, time series data of 37 years from 1980 to 2019 was taken from the website of Pakistan Stock Exchange. The dependent variable was stock market capitalization while independent variables were: Money supply, GDP, Inflation and interest rate. The authors applied different econometric techniques to determine nature of relationship between independent and dependent variables. The findings of the study reveal that money supply; GDP have positive while CPI has negative relationship with stock prices. It was noted that unpredictable decisions of monetary authorities make the behavior of market participants irrational in Pakistan because they take decisions in haphazardly and suffer losses. It is suggested that Monetary authorities should take decision in credible way to avoid confusion.
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In this paper we will study the relationship between human capital and economic performance in the light of Human Capital index and Economic Performance Index. Secondary data for the period of 1972-D2018 was collected from World... more
In this paper we will study the relationship between human capital and economic performance in the light of Human Capital index and Economic Performance Index. Secondary data for the period of 1972-D2018 was collected from World Development Indicators, Pakistan Economic Survey, and State Bank of Pakistan reports. Different statistical techniques were applied to determine long run and short run relationship between variables. The findings of study show that there is a positive and significant relationship between human capital and economic performance. Thus, the Government should increase investment in education and health to make the human capital more effective.
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In this study we have investigated the impact of devaluation on the oil sector performance in Pakistan. We used time series data of 37 years from 1985 to 2018. The sample of study is oil sector of Pakistan. The dependent variable is oil... more
In this study we have investigated the impact of devaluation on the oil sector performance in Pakistan. We used time series data of 37 years from 1985 to 2018. The sample of study is oil sector of Pakistan. The dependent variable is oil sector performance while independent variables include Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), inflation, exchange rate, oil price, tax revenue, oil imports and trade. Different statistical techniques such as ADF Test and ARDL approach were used to analyze data. The findings of this study show that the oil prices have statistically significant positive relationship with exchange rate. We also found that there is strong relationship between oil prices, exchanges rate, FDI and inflation rate. The devaluation worsens balance of payment, inflation and public duebt.
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The objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between renewable resources and electricity generation in Pakistan. The 20-years'time series data for the period of 1998-2018 was used. The renewable energy sector was selected as... more
The objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between renewable resources and electricity generation in Pakistan. The 20-years'time series data for the period of 1998-2018 was used. The renewable energy sector was selected as a sample of study. Electricity generation was chosen as a dependent variable while Solar Energy, Nuclear Energy, Biomass & waste and Hydro were selected as independent variables. ADF test, Correlation Analysis and Johansen's co-integration techniques were applied to analyze the data. The findings of this study show that there is a long run positive relationship between renewable energy resources and electricity generation-and Pakistan should focus on their development to attain future energy security, and reduce high energy cost.
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The objective of this research paper is to analyze the impact of currency devaluation on Pakistan's economy. For this purpose, the authors used 20-year data for the period of 1998-2018. The independent variables were currency devaluation,... more
The objective of this research paper is to analyze the impact of currency devaluation on Pakistan's economy. For this purpose, the authors used 20-year data for the period of 1998-2018. The independent variables were currency devaluation, exports, imports, inflation rate, unemployment rate, investment and saving rate while economic growth was dependent variable. The statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, ADF Test, Correlation Analysis and Multiple Regression were used to analyze data. The findings of study show that imports and investment have positive relationship with GDP growth while all other variables have negative association with it. It means that currency devaluation does not benefit to Pakistan's economy and increases its trade deficit. Thus, it is not a good policy option.
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Impact of global climate change on the agriculture sector of Pakistan is estimated in Pakistan. Agriculture is considered as the backbone of Pakistan economy because more 60% population is directly involved with this profession. Due to... more
Impact of global climate change on the agriculture sector of Pakistan is estimated in Pakistan. Agriculture is considered as the backbone of Pakistan economy because more 60% population is directly involved with this profession. Due to rapid industrialization the temperature level is increasing, which is harmful for agriculture crops and also for people. The objective of this research paper is to explore the impact of the global warming at agriculture sector of Pakistan and to measure climate impact on the agriculture sector in future. Times series dataset from 1974 to 2013 is used to analyze the impact. Agriculture value added annual growth rate is used as dependent variable. Carbon oxide emission, agriculture methane emission, agriculture nitrous oxide emission, greenhouse gas emission and population density are used as explanatory variables. Auto regressive distributed lag model is used as statistical technique to analyze the dataset. The result shows that the variables have si...
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Research Interests: International Trade, Economic Growth, Political Science, China, Asian Business, and 14 moreDeveloping Country, Investment, Research and Development, Research Paper, Exports, Labour Productivity, Labor Productivity, Real Exchange Rate, Empirical Analysis, Open Door Policy, Output Keywords: China, InvestmentInvestment, Growth pattern, and Ordinary Least Square
The main purpose of this study was to analyze the attitude of teachers towards their profession and its impact on students' learning. A questionnaire based on 5-points Likert Scale was developed to collect primary data from 1000 teachers,... more
The main purpose of this study was to analyze the attitude of teachers towards their profession and its impact on students' learning. A questionnaire based on 5-points Likert Scale was developed to collect primary data from 1000 teachers, 500 each female and female from different male and female schools of District Sahiwal. Our findings show that professionalism was found more among female teachers than male at primary school level. It was also noted that negative attitude and punishment have affected the performance of students. Moreover, the teachers having high and professional relevant qualifications were found to be more dedicated to teaching as compared to those having low or non-professional qualifications. It is recommended that female teachers' pay scales may be raised on the basis of their performance and they may be posted at adjacent areas of their homes.
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The objective of this research paper is to analyze Samuel Beckett's two plays "Waiting for Godot" and "Endgame". Main themes of the novels included in this analyses are: Absurdity, hopelessness, existentialism, repetition, comedy,... more
The objective of this research paper is to analyze Samuel Beckett's two plays "Waiting for Godot" and "Endgame". Main themes of the novels included in this analyses are: Absurdity, hopelessness, existentialism, repetition, comedy, destruction, agony, obscurity, nothingness, freedom and uncertainty. The findings of the study show that Backett's two plays reflect the environment prevailed in the Europe after World War-II when destruction, despair, isolation and hopelessness were gripped the whole Europe. Backett portrays man as cynical, comfortless and incapable to understand the universe.
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The Coronavirus (COVID-19) continues to wreak havoc on Pakistanis' life since its inception. From two verified cases on February 26-2020 in China to more than 1.27 million reported cases and death of 28,456 by November 02, 2021 (Dawn,... more
The Coronavirus (COVID-19) continues to wreak havoc on Pakistanis' life since its inception. From two verified cases on February 26-2020 in China to more than 1.27 million reported cases and death of 28,456 by November 02, 2021 (Dawn, November 2,2021). According to the International Monetary Fund, the poverty rate in Pakistan has increased substantially, reaching as high as 40% after Covid-19. To assess Covid-19 impact on people's socioeconomic life, we used a structured questionnaire to collect data through field survey. We applied the Jamovi and Cronbach Alpha reliability and validity technique to check reliability of data. Our findings show that there is substantial effect of COVID-19 on the health and well-being as well as living standard of the people in Pakistan despite this that the Government of Pakistan took all possible policy initiatives to minimize its effect. Small business firms suffered huge losses and employees working in informal sectors were laid off in large number. The Government should provide financial assistance to small firms to continue their business and contain growing unemployment and poverty in the country.
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The objectives of this research paper is to measure the impact of inflation and taxation on economic growth of Pakistan by using the time series data from 1991 to 2017. The data was collected from World Development Indicators, IMF, Asian... more
The objectives of this research paper is to measure the impact of inflation and taxation on economic growth of Pakistan by using the time series data from 1991 to 2017. The data was collected from World Development Indicators, IMF, Asian Development Bank, Pakistan Economic Survey and State Bank of Pakistan database. Economic growth GDP was dependent variables while independent variables include: inflation rate, tax revenue, unemployment Rate, tax on international trade and gross capital formation. ADF test, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), Bound Test and ECM were applied to determined stationarity, long run and short run relationship between variables. The findings reveal that gross fixed capital formation and tax revenue are positively related to GDP growth while unemployment, tax on goods and services, inflation and taxes on international trade have negative impact on GDP growth. We suggest to control tax evasion and expand tax net.
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Research Interests:
The objective of this research paper was to analyze various aspects of training and development as well as their impacts on the performance of organizations. For this purpose, primary data was collected from 300 employees of IT companies... more
The objective of this research paper was to analyze various aspects of training and development as well as their impacts on the performance of organizations. For this purpose, primary data was collected from 300 employees of IT companies through a structured questionnaire randomly. The selected independent variables were Training Delivery Style, Training Design, Off-thejob Training and On-the-Job Training while dependent variable was Organizational performance. Training and Development of employees was a mediating variable. The statistical techniques such as Descriptive Statistics, Reliability test, Correlation analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to analyze data. Our findings show that On-the-Job training, Training design, Delivery style and Off-the-Job training have positive and significant impact on the performance of organizations.
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The objectives of this research paper were to analyze English writing skill of the students of Public and Private schools and compare their performance. For this purpose, we took a sample of 200 students, 100 each from eight different... more
The objectives of this research paper were to analyze English writing skill of the students of Public and Private schools and compare their performance. For this purpose, we took a sample of 200 students, 100 each from eight different Public and Private Schools of District Vehari, Pakistan. An essay writing test was conducted to determine the students of which school systems commit more errors. The results of test show that students of Private Schools committed total 245 errors as compared to the students of Public Schools who committed 504 errors. Public Schools' learners committed 51 percent more errors than Private schools' learners. Thus, we can conclude that the performance of the students of Private Schools is far better than the students of Public Schools.
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The objective of this study is to find out the effectiveness of tests conducted by Director Staff Development (DSD) under the supervision of District Teachers Educators (DTEs) to know the views of teachers about the merits and demerits of... more
The objective of this study is to find out the effectiveness of tests conducted by Director Staff Development (DSD) under the supervision of District Teachers Educators (DTEs) to know the views of teachers about the merits and demerits of papers arranged by DSD and their impact on the performance of teachers. A sample 50 PST male teachers and 50 PST female teachers were selected and data was collected through a structured questionnaire. The results reveal that testing enhances the knowledge and skill of teachers and students and it is suggested that its standards must be scaled up to improve the quality of education.
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The present study is focused at investigating English language needs of undergraduate engineering students in Multan. In this study effort was made to explore the English usage frequency, its significance for engineering students, their... more
The present study is focused at investigating English language needs of undergraduate engineering students in Multan. In this study effort was made to explore the English usage frequency, its significance for engineering students, their current level of English competence and their English language needs. For the purpose of finding out English language needs of the engineering students quantitative approach has been applied in this study. Data was gathered using questionnaire as data collection tool. Research population was selected from two universities for gathering data considering them the main stakeholders of this discourse community. A questionnaire was developed for the collection of data, more precisely; closed-ended questions were distributed to 120 engineering students in order to identify their English language needs and their perceptions towards the usefulness of the current English language teaching materials in use. The results showed that these students have positive attitudes towards learning English language. Furthermore, productive skills (speaking and writing) have been rated as the skills that engineering students want to develop most. Further, the study found that the current teaching materials in use do not meet students' needs hoping that the findings of this study would be the basis for designing more feasible ESP teaching materials that would meet students' needs.
The objective of this study is to analyze the financial model being opted by textile firms which are listed at the Karachi stock exchange in the context of capital structure theories. The analysis is based on a sample of 8 listed... more
The objective of this study is to analyze the financial model being opted by textile firms which are listed at the Karachi stock exchange in the context of capital structure theories. The analysis is based on a sample of 8 listed companies at Pakistan Stock Exchange and study period is 2009-2013. We used pooled regression model. Our results show that both Static trade-off theory and Pecking order theory have relationship with corporate capital structure theories. The theoretical framework includes the corporate capital structure theories and modern research work in this field. Hypotheses are formulated on the basis of theoretical framework. Regression model is used to analyze the data taken from Pakistani textile firms. Financing pattern of firms partially supports the Static trade-off theory and Pecking order theory.
This research intended to explore the causes behind customer behavior and preferences regarding brand switching in the context of cellular sector of Pakistan. To conduct this study sample was taken from District Vehari and Multan of... more
This research intended to explore the causes behind customer behavior and preferences regarding brand switching in the context of cellular sector of Pakistan. To conduct this study sample was taken from District Vehari and Multan of Southern Punjab. A sample of 300 respondents was taken. All respondents were switched customers. A well designed questionnaire was constructed, comprising of 19 questions. Reliability test was conducted on sample of 25 respondents and results showed .706 value of Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis methods were used for analysis and interpretation of data through SPSS Software and STATA. Results showed that determinants such as customer satisfaction, customer services, price, service failure, and Inconvenience (Independent Variables) have significant impact on brand switching (Dependent variable). Customer satisfaction and customer services have negative but significant relationship with brand switching. In case of Price, Inconvenience and service failure, they have positive and significant relationship with brand switching. All respondents had switched their network due to dissatisfaction and they have arbitrary behavior and preferences concerned to brand switching in spite of switching they have further intentions to switch to other network. The reasons is that some customers prefer innovative VAS (Value added services) and new technological attractiveness (3G, 4G-LTE) etc. Arbitrary behavior is clear from analysis that 58% customers have intentions to switch networks maximum time and still they have further intentions to switch. This study suggest that the companies should focus on the preferences of customers to win their loyalty.
This study aims to analyze several program of provincial level introduced for improving the quality and standards of education in Punjab, Pakistan. Total population consists of 116 schools which are working under Punjab Education... more
This study aims to analyze several program of provincial level introduced for improving the quality and standards of education in Punjab, Pakistan. Total population consists of 116 schools which are working under Punjab Education Foundation in Multan District. Out of 116 schools, 99 schools were selected as sample. 33 school heads were interviewed from each tehsil and the sample size is good enough to give better results of the estimates. Keeping in view all the essentials, this study has examined the impacts of PEF on the provision regarding quality education as well as its impacts in increasing or decreasing enrollment rates at primary school level with. The results are significant.
Gender discrimination is a sensitive problem, especially in the developing countries. The women population in Pakistan is more than 50 percent and the ratio of women's participation in labor force is increasing rapidly due to increasing... more
Gender discrimination is a sensitive problem, especially in the developing countries. The women population in Pakistan is more than 50 percent and the ratio of women's participation in labor force is increasing rapidly due to increasing female literacy rate. Labor policy in Pakistan clearly illustrates equal treatment for men and women in wage and working environment. The purpose of this study is to analyze gender inequality and discrimination in the workplace in informal sector of Pakistan. This study focus on the factors such as equal wage, equal value, and equal facilities sexual harassment of women at workplaces. We analyze the condition of women in Pakistan in the light of the Articles of CEDAW (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women est.1982). The evidence shows that despite advancement in fields of technology, knowledge, legislation and media, gender discrimination and harassment are still existing and the law enforcing agencies and regulatory bodies in Pakistan pay less attention to prevent the incidences of gender discrimination.