Hesham F Gadelrab

Emotion as Social Information Theory claims that in an ambiguous situation, people rely on others’ emotions to make sense of the level of fairness encountered. We tested whether the information provided by emotions about the fairness of a procedure is still a signifcant factor in explaining individual diferences in perception of variance, even in unambiguous situations. We assessed the efects of others’ emotions on observers inferred procedural justice during (un)ambiguous situations when people are treated (un)fairly. We collected data using Qualtrics online survey software from 1012 employees across diferent industry services in the United States. The participants were assigned randomly to one of the 12 experimental conditions (fair, unfair, and unknown x happiness, anger, guilt, and neutral). The results indicated that emotions
played a signifcant role in the psychology of justice judgments under the ambiguous situation, as predicted by the EASI, as well as under unambiguous conditions. The study revealed signifcant interactions between the procedure and emotion. These fndings emphasized the importance of considering how others’ emotions infuence an observer’s perception of justice. The theoretical and practical implications of these fndings were also discussed.

The distinction between justice and injustice has gained more interest recently. Voices have been raised to clarify the possible distinction between them. The main goal of the paper is to investigate the importance of injustice over the use of justice alone when predicting prevention-laden outcomes. After reviewing the organizational justice theories and literature, we propose that justice and injustice together will be better able to explain the prevention-laden outcomes such as distractions, hostility, and job stress. A quantitative, follow-up design was used to test our study's hypotheses. The sample of the study consisted of 1582 Kuwaiti employees used to investigate the dimensionality of justice/injustice. To further investigate our hypotheses, we followed up a random sample of 404 participants. Measures of justice/ injustice in addition to relevant outcomes have been administered. EFA and CFA analyses revealed that justice and injustice were loaded in separate factors. In addition, injustice was found to be more relevant to some prevention-laden outcomes. Assessing injustice alongside justice could provide more value in explaining counterproductive outcomes than using regular rule adherence measures of justice alone.

Introducción. El objetivo de este estudio es doble. En primer lugar, para evaluar la estructura factorial de los enfoques y el Estudio de Inventario de Habilidades para Estudiantes (ASSIST) como una medida de los enfoques de aprendizaje con estudiantes bilingües de educación superior de Egipto por las pruebas de la verosimilitud de la reproducción de su intención de tres factores de estructura. En segundo lugar, el estudio destinado a comprobar la validez predictiva de asistencia. Método. La muestra del estudio consistió en (n = 516) estudiantes universitarios de una universidad internacional en Egipto. Para una validación cruzada de la estructura de factores, los sujetos fueron divididos en dos muestras iguales. El análisis factorial confirmatorio se utilizó para probar la estructura de asignación. Resultados. Los resultados de este estudio confirman los constructos subyacentes de estos tres enfoques distintivos para el aprendizaje. Las escalas principales y subescalas demostraron ...

There is a shortage in the research which addresses the relationship between negative word of mouth (WOM) communication and customer-based brand equity dilution. This research utilizes attribution theory to demonstrate the negative word-of-mouth impact on the customer-based brand equity. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the proposed effect of negative WOM on brand equity. The study sample consists of 71 post-graduate students, the object of negative WOM was laptops which considered a highly involvement product. Experimental investigation results reveal that customer exposure to negative word-of-mouth increases the brand equity dilution. Results were discussed in the light of casual attribution theory, and practical implications were provided.

Software development projects are famous of high rate failure, this made an encouragement for researcher to investigate reasons of failure. However, literature covering under developed countries is uncommon. This research investigates the most severe risk factors in software development project in the country of Kuwait. A face-to-face questionnaire with 109 IT practitioners in Kuwait from government and private organizations was conducted. The findings reveal and identify risk factors that have a high impact on the budget, quality, and schedule. The aim of this study is to validate risk factor taxonomy through quantitative methods by experts in the field of IT. Another purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive and updated review of risk factors from Kuwait to be presented for IT practitioners and researchers.

Given the importance of comparing different groups in terms of perceptions of justice and justice effects, it is essential that the instrument used to measure perceptions behaves the same way across all groups. This study investigates the measurement invariance of the four-factor structure of organizational justice across nine Arab countries. Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis is used with 2,914 employees working in the public sector to represent the variety of cultures among the Arab nations. We assess organizational justice using a measure developed by Alkhadher and Gadelrab primarily for Arab cultural perspectives of justice. This study shows that the four-dimensional model of justice is valid across the nine countries at the configural, metric, and scalar invariance. Fit indices showed sufficient to optimal fit, and difference test values were not significant across the set of the increasingly constrained confirmatory factor models. According to these results, we conclu...

ObjectiveTo develop a psychometrically reliable instrument to assess psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic across Arab countries.DesignThe new instrument was developed through the review of relevant literature. We adapted multiple items from the following tools: The Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Social Phobia Inventory, Health Anxiety Inventory, Swine Influenza Anxiety Scale and the Arabic Scale of Death Anxiety to design our new assessment tool which is called COVID-19 Psychological Distress Scale (CPDS). For psychometric analyses and validation, we conducted a cross-sectional study that solicited data through a web-based survey using the newly developed CPDS.Setting and participantsThis validation study was conducted in four Arab countries, including Algeria, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Yemen. A total of 1337 participants from these countries have voluntarily responded to our survey questionnaire that included the newly developed scale.ResultsThe final version of the CPDS com...

Most personality research in the workplace relies on self-reports. Although self-report measures are believed to assess the explicit aspect of personality, a more recent approach for assessing implicit personality is based on conditional reasoning. The Conditional Reasoning Test for Aggression (CRT-A) was developed to assess implicit cognitions that justify aggressive behavior. The integrative model of personality proposes that both the explicit and implicit personality interact together to predict different behavioral outcomes. The results of this investigation are reported in two studies. The purpose of Study 1 was to adapt the CRT-A to the Arabic language and to examine its validity evidence using a large sample of Egyptian employees (n = 1,046). Study 2 aimed at examining the differential relationships of implicit and explicit components of aggressive personality in explaining different forms of aggressive behavior variance (n = 271). The results of Study 1 revealed that the psy...

One of the most prominent and widely used self-reporting scales for assessing organizational justice perceptions was developed by Colquitt (2001). This scale has been used internationally and has therefore been translated into several languages including Arabic. In a recent study, after conducting a careful review of organizational justice literature to ensure its relevance to Arabic culture, Alkhadher and Gadalreb (2016) developed a new Arabic measure of organiza- tional justice (AMOJ) perceptions and found evidence of a four-factor scale structure. The purpose of this study is to compare the Arabic version of Colquitt’s measure of organizational justice (AVCMOJ) with the AMOJ in terms of predictive power using various outcome meas- ures used by Colquitt (2001). The two scales were administered to 781 Kuwaiti employees (47.6% males) from the public sector. A multiple-sample confirmatory factor analysis supports the four-dimensional structure for both AVCMOJ and AMOJ measures. Cronbach’s alpha obtained for subscales was found to range between 0.72 and 0.85. The predictive power of the three AMOJ dimensions (distributional, procedural, and informational) was found to be higher than that of the AVCMOJ. The results of the present study raise issues of scale development against the translation of well-developed scales. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.

The main aim of this study is to investigate the role that social, environmental and personal factors play in explaining change in function in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The sample of the current study comes from a naturalistic and prospective cohort study of patients starting antidepressant treatment in one distinct health area of Madrid. A total of 97 adults (18 years or older) with MDD have been followed up three points in time and evaluated with the WHO_DAS II and instruments that assessed socio-demographic characteristics, clinical and contextual factors. Data were analysed using multilevel modelling statistical approach to repeated measures data. Change of severity of depression symptoms was the main explanatory factor for change in patient's functioning, accounting for 32% of the variance of functioning over time. Contextual factors (environmental and personal variables), including gender, work status, societal attitudes, health satisfaction and quality of life accounted for 20% of the functioning variance after controlling for the effect of health condition variables. Social, environmental and personal factors seem to play a significant role in explaining depressed patients' functioning after controlling for health condition/medical factors.

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, provides the framework to describe individual's functioning and allows the study of the interaction between patient's health status and the environmental factors involved. The main aim of this study was to analyse systematically those factors involved in the functioning of bipolar patients including the role of contextual factors. Eighty-eight euthymic patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder were included. To examine the importance of contextual factors above and over clinical variables after controlling of potential socio-demographic variables, a hierarchical multiple regression was used. Clinical variables that significantly predicted patient functioning were the total number of episodes, number of depressive episodes, family history of psychiatric disorders and mild subdepressive symptoms, accounting for 34.1% of the variance of functioning (F=2.14, p =0.011). Contextual factors, including dysfunctional attitudes and perceived social support, accounted for 17.5% of the variance (F=3.04, p <0.001). Contextual factors appear to play a significant role in explaining bipolar patients' functioning after controlling for socio-demographic and clinical factors. These findings suggest that psychosocial interventions might be helpful to reduce or prevent disability associated to bipolar disorder. From an ICF model, understanding those factors may be useful to produce policy recommendations and guidelines.

Introduction. The purpose of this study is double. First, to evaluate the factorial structure of Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) as a measure of approaches to learning with bilingual Egyptian higher education students by testing the plausibility of reproducing its intended three-factor structure. Second, the study aimed at testing the predictive validity of ASSIST. Method. The sample of the study consisted of (n=516) college students from one international university in Egypt. To cross-validate the factor structure, the subjects were divided into two equal samples. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the structure of ASSIST. Results. The findings of this study confirmed the underlying constructs of three distinctive approaches to learning. ASSIST main scales and subscales' scores showed appropriate internal consistency and predictive validity to academic achievement. Conclusion. It was concluded that ASSIST is a valid research tool for the a...