- I teach entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, social entrepreneurship, and international marketing researchedit
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New product development projects are experiencing increasing internal and external project complexity. Complexity leadership theory proposes that external complexity requires adaptive and enabling leadership, which facilitates opportunity... more
New product development projects are experiencing increasing internal and external project complexity. Complexity leadership theory proposes that external complexity requires adaptive and enabling leadership, which facilitates opportunity recognition (OR). We ask whether internal complexity also requires OR for increased adaptability. We extend a model of EO and OR to conclude that internal complexity may require more careful OR. This means that leaders of technically or structurally complex projects need to evaluate opportunities more carefully than those in projects with external or technological complexity
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This study examines the role of compassion in explaining social entrepreneur’s (SE’s) motivations for prosocial action. Using life-story interviews, we identified self-compassion, derived from intimate experiences of suffering, and... more
This study examines the role of compassion in explaining social entrepreneur’s (SE’s) motivations for prosocial action. Using life-story interviews, we identified self-compassion, derived from intimate experiences of suffering, and other-regarding compassion, derived from social awareness and value structures. Self-compassion SEs want to alleviate the suffering of others with similar experiences and provide healing for themselves and others. Other-regarding compassion SEs want to alleviate the suffering of others based on strong commitment and calling. We analyzed discovered and created opportunities and imprinting and reflexive mechanisms and time lags of opportunity recognition (OR). We developed a data-driven process model.
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This exploratory study builds upon individual values research from the marketing area and entrepreneurship theory. It represents an initial effort at developing an Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO) scale and comparing values of... more
This exploratory study builds upon individual values research from the marketing area and entrepreneurship theory. It represents an initial effort at developing an Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO) scale and comparing values of people who had started a business to those who had not. The results support high reliability, and face, construct, and criterion validity of the scale. They show different values between entrepreneurs and non entrepreneurs. At the theoretical level, this study extends existing knowledge by examining entrepreneurial orientation and values at the individual level. At the applied level, the scale can serve as a diagnostic to measure an individual’s natural orientation to be an entrepreneur.
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Compassion is acknowledged as a key motivational source of prosocial opportunity recognition (OR). This study examines the underlying processes of different types of compassion that lead to prosocial OR interventions designed to solve or... more
Compassion is acknowledged as a key motivational source of prosocial opportunity recognition (OR). This study examines the underlying processes of different types of compassion that lead to prosocial OR interventions designed to solve or ameliorate social problems. Self-compassion is associated with intimate personal experiences of suffering and encompasses a desire to alleviate the distress of others based on common humanity, mental distance and mindfulness. Other-regarding compassion is associated with value structures and social awareness and is based on a desire to help the less fortunate. Using a life-story analyses of 27 Israeli social entrepreneurs, we identified two OR process mechanisms, reflexivity (identifying overlooked social problems) and imprinting (identifying a known social problem within the social context). The relationship between these two types of compassion are equifinal, that is, both can lead to prosocial OR; however, the mechanisms differ. We contribute to ...
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This study answers calls to examine the role of compassion and prosocial behavior (Miller et al, 2012), and opportunity recognition (OR) as process of interaction between entrepreneurs and their communities (Shepherd, 2015). Based on 32... more
This study answers calls to examine the role of compassion and prosocial behavior (Miller et al, 2012), and opportunity recognition (OR) as process of interaction between entrepreneurs and their communities (Shepherd, 2015). Based on 32 life-story interviews social entrepreneurs, we develop a data-driven process model to explain the relations between compassion, identities, and OR. Compassion is an antecedent of OR. Empathy and sympathy provide different motivations for prosocial behavior. Founder’s identity is related to compassion and OR based on affective-cognitive structural alignment. Study findings extend the theory on compassion as a motivational antecedent of prosocial behavior.
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Motivation is a central concept in entrepreneurship. However, current research over emphasizes personality traits combined with cognitive based motivations toward entrepreneurship. Surprisingly, th...
This study examines entrepreneurial passion and components of entrepreneurial identity--sameness, otherness, and identity centrality and salience--in two different contexts, high-tech and social entrepreneurship. Based on life story... more
This study examines entrepreneurial passion and components of entrepreneurial identity--sameness, otherness, and identity centrality and salience--in two different contexts, high-tech and social entrepreneurship. Based on life story interviews of 45 high-tech entrepreneurs (HTE) and social entrepreneurs (SEs), passion and identities are linked for each group but evolve differently from different influences. For HTEs, passion is composed of a strong challenge to lead a meaningful activity and to leave a ‘fingerprint.’ SE passion is characterized more in terms of enthusiasm and excitement and a desire to leave a mark. HTEs’ identities are central to their self-concept, while SEs’ identities can be more salient than central. SE identities are more synchronized than those of HTEs. For HTEs, otherness is dominant in their self-concept; however, they also maintain a concept of sameness. The findings of this study expand the literature on entrepreneurial identities by showing how passion and identities are inter...
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PurposeTo assess quantitatively the impact of market orientation on the performance of the firm. While much empirical work has centered on market orientation, the generalizability of its impact on performance has been... more
PurposeTo assess quantitatively the impact of market orientation on the performance of the firm. While much empirical work has centered on market orientation, the generalizability of its impact on performance has been under‐researched.Design/methodology/approachA substantive meta‐analysis quantitatively summarizes the results of empirical studies of the direct and indirect impact of market orientation on three outcomes. A second, methodological meta‐analysis assessed the influence of methodological variables on explained variance in performance.FindingsThe direct, indirect, and total impacts of market orientation on performance were all significant. Additionally, the geographic location of the study and the performance measure used (but not the scale) affected explained variance.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, across study contexts, market orientation affects performance. Second, its impact might be stronger than previously thought due to the indirect paths not considered in...
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Conflict in International Channels of Distribution Aviv Shoham Gregory M. Rose Fredric Kropp ABSTRACT. Channel conflict-the degree to which manufacturers and their channels of distribution experience conflict and difficulties in the... more
Conflict in International Channels of Distribution Aviv Shoham Gregory M. Rose Fredric Kropp ABSTRACT. Channel conflict-the degree to which manufacturers and their channels of distribution experience conflict and difficulties in the conduct of business-has been a popular ...
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PurposeThis study examines the interrelationships between aspects of entrepreneurial, market, and learning orientations, and international entrepreneurial business venture (IEBV) performance.Design/methodology/approachData were collected... more
PurposeThis study examines the interrelationships between aspects of entrepreneurial, market, and learning orientations, and international entrepreneurial business venture (IEBV) performance.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 396 entrepreneurs and 143 senior managers from early stage, growth‐oriented firms in the Republic of South Africa. These firms had an international focus in that 20 per cent began exporting from their inception and the remaining 80 per cent either began exporting within three years of inception or planned to export within three years of inception. Given the multidimensional nature of IEBV performance, structural equation modeling (AMOS) was used to test the measurement and substantive models.FindingsResults indicate that IEBV performance is positively related to the innovativeness component of an entrepreneurial orientation (EO), a market orientation, and a learning orientation. Contrary to expectations, the communications aspect of EO is inver...
Research Interests: Business, Entrepreneurship, Marketing, International Business, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and 11 moreMarket Orientation, Learning, Tourism, South Africa, Business and Management, Design Methodology, Structural Equation Model, South African, Business environment, Republic of South Africa, and Performance Measure
PurposeThis study presents and validates a theoretical model linking individual characteristics of the founding or lead innovative entrepreneur of a start-up venture – the entrepreneur's values, entrepreneurial attitudes and... more
PurposeThis study presents and validates a theoretical model linking individual characteristics of the founding or lead innovative entrepreneur of a start-up venture – the entrepreneur's values, entrepreneurial attitudes and entrepreneurial self-efficacy – to the firm's entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and market orientation (MO) and, ultimately, to firm performance.Design/methodology/approachWe conducted a survey on a stratified random sample of founders of early-stage South Australian micro- and small enterprises with a response rate of 24% (N = 204). Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate the model.FindingsThe study found that there is a significant relationship between the individual lead entrepreneur and firm strategies developed in early-stage firms in explaining firm performance. It also found that internal values are positively related to entrepreneurial attitude. Entrepreneurial attitude is positively related to entrepreneurial self-efficacy and EO innov...
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Fredric Kropp Marilyn Jones Gregory Rose Aviv Shoham Bella Florenthal Bongjin Cho ... SUMMARY. This paper discusses individual and group identities, and examines personal values across four countries: Australia, the United States, Canada,... more
Fredric Kropp Marilyn Jones Gregory Rose Aviv Shoham Bella Florenthal Bongjin Cho ... SUMMARY. This paper discusses individual and group identities, and examines personal values across four countries: Australia, the United States, Canada, and Israel. The relationship ...
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This Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Entrepreneurship at Babson at Digital Knowledge at Babson. It has been accepted for inclusion in Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research by an authorized administrator of Digital... more
This Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Entrepreneurship at Babson at Digital Knowledge at Babson. It has been accepted for inclusion in Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research by an authorized administrator of Digital Knowledge at Babson. For more information, ...
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Research Interests: Entrepreneurship, Values, Theory, Ethnicity, Uncertainty, and 3 moreOrientation, Rating Scale, and HAZARD
SUMMARY. This study examines the roles that values play in market-ing and the nature of value change. The List of Values (LOV) is used to measure individual values. The study employs two futures research tools, socioeconomic scenarios and... more
SUMMARY. This study examines the roles that values play in market-ing and the nature of value change. The List of Values (LOV) is used to measure individual values. The study employs two futures research tools, socioeconomic scenarios and the Delphi process, to understand ...
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This research examines the relationship between consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence (CSII) and smoking diffusion patterns in Canada and South Korea. It is hypothesized that individuals with higher susceptibility to... more
This research examines the relationship between consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence (CSII) and smoking diffusion patterns in Canada and South Korea. It is hypothesized that individuals with higher susceptibility to interpersonal influence are more likely to follow the dominant trend with regard to smoking behavior. Among South Korean females, smoking prevalence has been increasing and, in line with this trend, smokers were found to have a higher susceptibility to interpersonal influence than non-smokers. Among Canadians and among South Korean males, smoking has been in decline and, in line with this trend, non-smokers were found to have a higher susceptibility to interpersonal influence than smokers. Implications for social marketers and health professionals are discussed.
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High-tech start-ups and technology development firms, also known as technological entrepreneurs, play an important role in the American economy, enhancing global competitiveness through innovation. These firms are integral to a number of... more
High-tech start-ups and technology development firms, also known as technological entrepreneurs, play an important role in the American economy, enhancing global competitiveness through innovation. These firms are integral to a number of industries in-cluding, artificial ...
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Cultural Values Reflected in Theme and Execution: A ... Comparative Study of US and Korean Television ... Bongjin Cho, Up Kwon, James W. Gentry, Sunkyu Jun and Fredric Kropp ... This study develops a cross-cultural content analysis... more
Cultural Values Reflected in Theme and Execution: A ... Comparative Study of US and Korean Television ... Bongjin Cho, Up Kwon, James W. Gentry, Sunkyu Jun and Fredric Kropp ... This study develops a cross-cultural content analysis framework to examine underlying ...
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Fredric Kropp is an Associate Professor of Marketing and Entrepreneurship at the Fisher Graduate School of International Business, Monterey Institute of International Business. Address for correspondence: Monterey Institute of... more
Fredric Kropp is an Associate Professor of Marketing and Entrepreneurship at the Fisher Graduate School of International Business, Monterey Institute of International Business. Address for correspondence: Monterey Institute of International Business, 460 Pierce Street, ...
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Entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) – the belief in one’s ability to successfully engage in entrepreneurial behavior such as starting a business - is an important antecedent of entrepreneurial intention and start-up behavior. Individuals... more
Entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) – the belief in one’s ability to successfully engage in entrepreneurial behavior such as starting a business - is an important antecedent of entrepreneurial intention and start-up behavior. Individuals with high self-efficacy are more likely to start businesses than those with low self-efficacy. Subjective norms – what individuals think other people think about their behavior - are also associated with influencing behavior. In this research, we examine longitudinally how subjective norms influence ESE, entrepreneurial intentions, and start-up behavior.
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ABSTRACT This study explores the motivations and opportunity recognition patterns of 30 Israeli social entrepreneurs (SEs) through life story analysis. The majority of participants were motivated by pull factors that included prosocial... more
ABSTRACT This study explores the motivations and opportunity recognition patterns of 30 Israeli social entrepreneurs (SEs) through life story analysis. The majority of participants were motivated by pull factors that included prosocial behaviors based on past or current life events. Others were motivated by push factors, including job dissatisfaction and a search for meaning. Based on grounded theory-building and sensemaking perspectives, we develop a theoretical process model that links motivations, opportunity recognition, and prosocial activities of SEs. Their experiences created an awareness of unmet societal needs, which led to opportunity recognition and formation of social ventures to help fill the gaps.
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Research Interests:
ABSTRACT. Channel centralization-the degree to which manufactur-ers report that their relationship with their channels of distribution are governed by rules and procedures of decision-making-has been a popu-lar topic of research. However,... more
ABSTRACT. Channel centralization-the degree to which manufactur-ers report that their relationship with their channels of distribution are governed by rules and procedures of decision-making-has been a popu-lar topic of research. However, most studies of ...
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High-tech start-ups and technology development firms, also known as technological entrepreneurs, play an important role in the American economy, enhancing global competitiveness through innovation. These firms are integral to a number of... more
High-tech start-ups and technology development firms, also known as technological entrepreneurs, play an important role in the American economy, enhancing global competitiveness through innovation. These firms are integral to a number of industries in-cluding, artificial ...
Research Interests:
Fredric Kropp is an Associate Professor of Marketing and Entrepreneurship at the Fisher Graduate School of International Business, Monterey Institute of International Business. Address for correspondence: Monterey Institute of... more
Fredric Kropp is an Associate Professor of Marketing and Entrepreneurship at the Fisher Graduate School of International Business, Monterey Institute of International Business. Address for correspondence: Monterey Institute of International Business, 460 Pierce Street, ...
ABSTRACT This study explores the motivations and opportunity recognition patterns of 30 Israeli social entrepreneurs (SEs) through life story analysis. The majority of participants were motivated by pull factors that included prosocial... more
ABSTRACT This study explores the motivations and opportunity recognition patterns of 30 Israeli social entrepreneurs (SEs) through life story analysis. The majority of participants were motivated by pull factors that included prosocial behaviors based on past or current life events. Others were motivated by push factors, including job dissatisfaction and a search for meaning. Based on grounded theory-building and sensemaking perspectives, we develop a theoretical process model that links motivations, opportunity recognition, and prosocial activities of SEs. Their experiences created an awareness of unmet societal needs, which led to opportunity recognition and formation of social ventures to help fill the gaps.
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Research Interests:
This research examines the values-entrepreneurial attitude (EA) relationship as a means of distinguishing between necessity-based nascent entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. Our research extends previous EA studies in four ways. First,... more
This research examines the values-entrepreneurial attitude (EA) relationship as a means of distinguishing between necessity-based nascent entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. Our research extends previous EA studies in four ways. First, prior research was unable to determine whether EAs develop as a result of, or exist prior to, exposure to the entrepreneurial process. By examining nascent entrepreneurs, we gain insights into this
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In this study, we extend prior research by exploring the transition from nascent entrepreneur intentions to established entrepreneur behavior, whether entrepreneurial attitudes are inherent in nascent entrepreneurs, to what extent it is... more
In this study, we extend prior research by exploring the transition from nascent entrepreneur intentions to established entrepreneur behavior, whether entrepreneurial attitudes are inherent in nascent entrepreneurs, to what extent it is possible to develop entrepreneurial attitudes in non-entrepreneurs, and the use of values and attitudes to discriminate between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. The study is longitudinal with 4.5 years between
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Transitioning from the Cold War to the War on Terror necessitates organizational changes to make the military more effective, efficient and agile. A stronger entrepreneurial orientation can facilitate these changes. Opportunity... more
Transitioning from the Cold War to the War on Terror necessitates organizational changes to make the military more effective, efficient and agile. A stronger entrepreneurial orientation can facilitate these changes. Opportunity recognition (OR) is a key part of acting entrepreneurially. In the military, entrepreneurial behavior and OR can occur at the level of the military business unit, i.e., a distinctive