- University of Makeni, Sierra Leone, West Africa, Accounting and finance, Graduate Studentadd
- Samuel Karim is Someone that has an uncanny passion for research. Especially development oriented research that focus... moreSamuel Karim is Someone that has an uncanny passion for research. Especially development oriented research that focused on seeing economic growth, development and sustainability in the African continent, and the globe at large.He is a seasoned financial expert. With a rich experience on financial services,performance management, and financial sustainability.edit
Making a capital budgeting decision is one of the most important policy decisions that a firm makes. A firm that does not invest in long especially shareholder wealth. Optimal decisions in capital budgeting optimize a firm's main... more
Making a capital budgeting decision is one of the most important policy decisions that a firm makes. A firm that does not invest in long especially shareholder wealth. Optimal decisions in capital budgeting optimize a firm's main objective maximizing the shareholders' wealth These decisions are some of the integral par governance. A company grows when it invests in capital projects, such as plant and machinery, to generate future revenues that are worth more than the initial cost. techniques are employed by the two selected Banks. Popular among these techniques is the net present value approach where about 42% of selected commercial Banks apply in assessing the viability of newly embarked upon projects. This is followed by the payback method with about 28% of commercial Banks applying this technique. The rest are accounting rate of return, unidentified approaches and the internal rate of return in order of popularity. Thus, the two selected Banks in the study appl value of money. The statistical tools used for this study are the correlation analysis, the regression analysis, and the special packages for social sciences (S.P.S.S) for association between critical vari used to identify the various capital budgeting techniques employed by the two commercial Banks which are: United Bank of Africa (U.B.A), and the Sierra Leone Commercial Bank (S.L.C.B). The targeted population was 50 (Fifty), and the sample size was 15 The findings of the study make it necessary for great deal of policy recommendations for the growth of the corporate institutions as well as further studies in this area. For instance, selected commercial Banks in the study are those which have been breaking grounds in their areas of banking operations. This can be attributed partly to employment of prudent capital budget techniques in the selection and continuation of investment projects which needs to be emulated b business.
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The Public Service in Sierra Leone is often depicted as a basket case of corruption and malpractice. However, not much has been written from an empirical perspective on the underlying practices of bureaucratic governance at the central... more
The Public Service in Sierra Leone is often depicted as a basket case of corruption and malpractice. However, not much has been written from an empirical perspective on the underlying practices of bureaucratic governance at the central level. This piece of work aims to fill this gap by focusing on the management of human resources making it more transparent, accountable and responsible. The number of public sector workers featuring on the state over the years with a debilitating effect on the wage bill. While the human resource and payroll management was afflicted by several problems: patronage-based recruitment was widespread; the payroll was highly fragmented and opaque; substantial swathes of the civil service used to go unpaid; and ghost workers, double dipping, and leakages and remunerations embezzlement occurred on a large scale. Despite the fact that formal rules were only followed loosely, and due procedure violations common, yet a degree of functionality remained intact, insofar as hundreds of thousands of civil servants received their remuneration each month through t identification system (NIS) that is linked with other government systems such as the elections system, the social benefits registration system, the government payroll, and others gateway for accessing services. Civil registration is a credible source from which vital statistics in Sierra Leone can be generated and was used previously to generate population repor national registration headed by a single Registrar for both civil and national registration brought about benefits of synchronization of processes and immediate decision facilitates the smooth implementation of civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) and identity management (ID through a network of offices strategically placed across the country to ensure that services are brough and the MDAs in the pay roll system. This study is focused on the role of Civil Registration and Identity Management in the public sector with Ministry of Finance in the pay roll management. The study uses both descriptive and explan approaches for this research. To successfully achieve the aims and objectives of the study, both primary and secondary sources were used to collect data consistent in outlining and analysing the practical arrangements through which human resources and the payroll are managed. management and ongoing civil service reforms, mainly through qualitative methods including organisational ethnography. Findings revealed that the Ministry of Finance in collaboration with the NCRA successfully used Biometric and Digital Identity Data to clean the Payroll of Government to make the Civil and Public Service more accountable and productive. The study further considers that NCRA as a tool to achie government.
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Background Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment due to depletion of natural resources (air, water, land) (Jahan, 2008), resulting in ecosystem collapse and wildlife extinction (Chopra 2016). The decline in... more
Background Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment due to depletion of natural resources (air, water, land) (Jahan, 2008), resulting in ecosystem collapse and wildlife extinction (Chopra 2016). The decline in quality and quantity of natural resources is referred to as pollution (Mabey et al, 2020). The environment is man's physical surrounding and at the same time forms part of it in order to survive. The environment can influences the state of being in many ways (Tyagi et al, 2014), as it poses direct risk from exposure to hazardous substances or indirect risk from the destruction of life-supporting ecosystems (Chopra 2016). The availability and use of natural resources influence a country's performance and speed of development (Dhrifi, 2019). Factors such as modern urbanization, industrialization, overpopulation, deforestation,
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Background of the Study Sierra Leone is a country on the West Coast of Africa and lies between latitude 60 .00' and 100 0' N and longitude 100 16' W and 130 18′ W. It has a north-south distance of 331 Km and an east-west distance of 326... more
Background of the Study Sierra Leone is a country on the West Coast of Africa and lies between latitude 60 .00' and 100 0' N and longitude 100 16' W and 130 18′ W. It has a north-south distance of 331 Km and an east-west distance of 326 Km. It is bounded on the West by the Atlantic Ocean, by Guinea-Conakry on the North and Northeast and by Liberia on the SouthEast. The country is divided into four administrative regions: Northern, Southern, Eastern and the Western Area on which the capital Freetown is situated. Sierra Leone has 4.96 million people (National Population and Housing Census 2004) at an annual growth rate of 2.5 %, with an estimate
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A classic environmental phenomenon afflicts communities around mountainous forests in Indonesia. Needs institutional management to achieve a prosperous life based on environmental conservation took place in the people as inhabitants hold... more
A classic environmental phenomenon afflicts communities around mountainous forests in Indonesia. Needs institutional management to achieve a prosperous life based on environmental conservation took place in the people as inhabitants hold a potential risk, bearer subject of 'deforestation and degradation or, in contrast, acts as a conservation agent of 'reforestation and revitalization' in the capacity of forestry landfill. This non-positivistic qualitative study revealed the unique actions of "institutional and agroforestry" actors. The approach takes a paradigm that places forest communities as the research subjects. These main subjects feel and then deal directly with all forestry problems regarding deforestation and land degradation. Those forest people who live and depend on forests need attention and social justice. The research process includes tracking history, organization, and interaction between or among the groups of forest farmers in their institutions. The authentic findings of this study are: It needs a real activity, norms and ethics for the business process. So it can foster a synergy of positive externality values in maintaining the traditional forest conservation rules. Furthermore, developing them suits the concept of agroforestry as productive farming in a sustainable environment and adaptive to the character of the forest's natural behaviour.
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This research aims to explore the role of human resources in improving the quality of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) Muslimat Nahdlatul Ulama Pucang Sidoarjo. The research questions involve human resource planning, implementation, monitoring,... more
This research aims to explore the role of human resources in improving the quality of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) Muslimat Nahdlatul Ulama Pucang Sidoarjo. The research questions involve human resource planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation, and follow-up. The research method used is qualitative with data collection techniques through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, as well as individual site and cross-site data analysis. Human resource planning involves needs analysis, recruitment, and selection of educators according to program and competency requirements. Task allocation is adjusted according to abilities for maximum results. Implementation of human resources includes performance following SOP, development of education personnel, and the application of standard procedures. Monitoring and evaluation are conducted periodically, empowering staff to monitor performance. Follow-up involves continuous development and training, support for further studies, and knowledge dissemination among educators. From this research, it can be concluded that human resource planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation, and follow-up are key steps in improving the quality of educational institutions. This approach can serve as a reference for similar institutions to optimize human resource potential and achieve desired educational goals.
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has Successfully completed the capstone project report in our Organization on the topic titled" IMPACTS OF TAXATION ON SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN MAKENI CITY" from 1 st /12/2023 to 31 st /01/2024, During his project tenure in the... more
has Successfully completed the capstone project report in our Organization on the topic titled" IMPACTS OF TAXATION ON SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN MAKENI CITY" from 1 st /12/2023 to 31 st /01/2024, During his project tenure in the organization, we found him hardworking, sincere and diligent person and his behavior and conduct was good. We wish him all the best for his future endeavors.
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The world of human education can be studied structured and wellsupported. Because learning to build each person's personality. Interest is the tendency to observe and remember various activities. Always pay attention, followed by fun,... more
The world of human education can be studied structured and wellsupported. Because learning to build each person's personality. Interest is the tendency to observe and remember various activities. Always pay attention, followed by fun, interest, desire, concentration, and student's understanding of mathematics. Communication can be interpreted as conveying messages from a messenger to a recipient intending to express or inform a comment orally or in writing. This study aimed to determine the relationship between interest and students' written communication skills in solving realistic mathematical problems. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data was obtained by using questionnaires and tests. The subjects of this research were two students of class XI MIPA. The steps taken are learning through the WhatsApp group by individually working on questionnaires and tests. The researcher identified and analysed the answers to each indicator of interest and ability to write mathematical communications for each statement and question. The method of data analysis in this paper was tried through 3 stages: data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The paper results show that the relationship between interest and written communication skills in solving realistic math problems is directly proportional, where student 1's interest is still low, and his ability is still classified as poor. Student 2 has a moderate interest, and his abilities are directly proportional, namely, not too sour or too good.
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The aim of study is to examine the effect of credit risk management on the performance of financial institutions in Sierra Leone: A case study of Sierra Leone commercial bank Makeni branch. The study specific objectives were; examine the... more
The aim of study is to examine the effect of credit risk management on the performance of financial institutions in Sierra Leone: A case study of Sierra Leone commercial bank Makeni branch. The study specific objectives were; examine the factors influencing credit performance, effects of credit risk management on the performance and the ways of credit risk management on the performance of the Sierra Leone Commercial Bank (SL) Limited. In carrying out the research study, the researcher used qualitative method. A descriptive research designed is used in conducting the findings. Purposive sampling technique is used in order to obtain data from the respondents. The target population of the study is 20 while the sample size is 6 respondents. The findings revealed that (67%) of respondents agreed that internal factors greatly influence loan performance while (33%) of participants agreed that external factors are those that influence the performance of Sierra Leone commercial Bank, Makeni Branch. The research implies that the following internal factors like capital adequacy, credit risk, management efficiency, liquidity management and poor location of the institution have great impact in terms of influencing the daily activities of the institution. The institution has absolute control over such factors either in decision making process or any other action they may wish to take over in the institution while the following external factors like inflation rate, interest rate, loan size, loan policies and savings rate that affects the operation of the institution. The reason being external factors are those factors which the institution has little or no control over of in terms of it operational activities. The research also revealed the effect of credit risk like reducing operation costs, causes of economic down turn, it affect changes in interest rate and it reduces profit and loss account at Sierra Leone commercial Bank Makeni Branch. The study recommends that Sierra Leone commercial bank Makeni branch should establish a department of risk management that will enable them to minimize or control their credit risks and also should make diversification in the credit facilities in order to reduce the credit risk.
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Globally, around 80% of individuals exposed to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) develop chronic infection; while 3-11% will develop liver cirrhosis within 20 years. HBV transmission is increasingly driven by intravenous drug use 1. Medical... more
Globally, around 80% of individuals exposed to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) develop chronic infection; while 3-11% will develop liver cirrhosis within 20 years. HBV transmission is increasingly driven by intravenous drug use 1. Medical injections and transfusions are predominant sources of HBV infection in many countries. The emergence of IDU in settings where the prevalence of HBV is high (Africa, the Middle East and South East Asia) presents an additional public health threat. This study is described the distribution of HBV seroprevalence according to age groups, sex, occupation and educational status among healthcare workers working at the Connaught Hospital in Sierra Leone. This is a cross sectional study that analyzed the laboratory records of 79 HBV infected healthcare personnel in order to determine the seroprevalence of HBV by sex, occupation type, educational levels and age groups. The study participants are confirmed HBV positive cases who were tested between the periods May 2017 to August 2018. All study participants are healthcare workers at Connaught Hospital in Sierra Leone and belong to varying age groups and educational background. The median age of HBV cases was 34 (IQR= 38-29). Majority (37/79) of HBV cases belongs to the age group 25-35 years; only few (5/79) belongs to the age group 20-25 years. Our finding shows that there are more men than women infected with HBV. This could be due to the fact that most men don't practice safe sex.
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The analysis is based on a detailed evaluation of primary data collected through case studies, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews in Senior secondary schools in Masingbi. Mathematics education learning is explored to... more
The analysis is based on a detailed evaluation of primary data collected through case studies, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews in Senior secondary schools in Masingbi. Mathematics education learning is explored to understand the issues surrounding Technology integration. This study shows that despite the perceived advantages of Technology integrated teaching and learning methods, there are barriers closely connected to teachers' teaching beliefs at work. Most educators admitted the lack of ongoing professional training programs and curriculum expectations as among the factors that affect their attitudes towards Technology in their respective Teaching and learning schools. Further empirical research is suggested to advance the exploration of the role of subject leaders in Technology-integrated Teaching and learning methods. This research provides an in-depth analysis of the exploration of own practice and mathematics teachers' perceptions on integrating Technology into teaching. The total sample size of respondents was sixty (60), and both simple random sampling technique was used to develop samples of Teachers and Pupils, while a purposive sampling technique was used to develop the sample for the Principals or Heads of Schools of the three selected senior schools in Masingbi as respondents.
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The specific objectives are to determine the impacts of free quality education on teachers' performance, students' learning outcomes, and parents' perceptions about free quality education. The descriptive research design was used to... more
The specific objectives are to determine the impacts of free quality education on teachers' performance, students' learning outcomes, and parents' perceptions about free quality education. The descriptive research design was used to conduct the study, with a sample of 61 teachers, 100 parents, and 100 pupils selected purposively in the case of the teachers and randomly in the case of the parents and pupils across the board in Makeni City. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources, with a questionnaire as the primary instrument for collecting primary data. The significant findings were that the free quality education was free tuition with no extra charges and a supply of exercise books and textbooks. However, it lacked active school feeding and free school buses. In addition, it affected teachers' performance in terms of competency in teaching their subjects, assessing students, and dealing with their colleagues. Some of the recommendations were that there should be frequent refresher training, active school feeding in all schools, mass sensitization, and effective monitoring in schools in Makeni City.
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Financial institution development in Sierra Leone is one of the approaches that the government has focused its attention in recent years in pursuit of its long term vision of providing sustainable financial services to majority of Sierra... more
Financial institution development in Sierra Leone is one of the approaches that the government has focused its attention in recent years in pursuit of its long term vision of providing sustainable financial services to majority of Sierra Leonean population for investment. The study was therefore set to examine the impacts of financial institutions in promoting private investments in Sierra Leone, and Makeni City particularly. To achieve the set objectives, the study collected primary data from 5 managers and employees of Guaranty Trust Bank and also 360 customers from the Bank whom are having current Accounts and Fixed deposits Accounts at the bank, respectively. The study adopted descriptive and statistical approaches in processing data and special program for social scientific studies computer program was employed in data analysis. The study also identified financial services provided by Guaranty Trust Bank such as overdraft facilities, cash credits, and long term loans etcetera, as to whether they have been good. However, the study identified challenges faced by private investors in accessing credit from Guaranty Trust Bank and among those were high interest rates, lack of information, and lack of investment education. The customers were selected using random sampling technique, and also a purposive sampling technique to ensuring a quality research work.
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The researcher made use of the statistical tools such as tables and bar charts to analyze the data collected on the GDP and domestic credit provided by commercial banks, also the problems associated with the economic growth, role of... more
The researcher made use of the statistical tools such as tables and bar charts to analyze the data collected on the GDP and domestic credit provided by commercial banks, also the problems associated with the economic growth, role of government in encouraging commercial banks, the success and failure of commercial banks and reasons for the failure. The financial strength of a banking institution is unquestionable associated to it profitability, hence, the most important needs any banks management and leadership is to make profit on a continuous basis since this way guarantee banks continuous existence.
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Despite the Government effort of ensuring community direct involvement and ownership of development projects in their locality such as education, the extent of parents input in students discipline through the Parent Teachers Association... more
Despite the Government effort of ensuring community direct involvement and ownership of development projects in their locality such as education, the extent of parents input in students discipline through the Parent Teachers Association (PTA) remains obscure in many secondary schools. This study was to determine the role of Parents Teachers Association (PTA) in enhancing discipline in Public Secondary Schools in Makeni City, Northern Sierra Leone. The study was guided by four research questions that investigated the following aspects: The activities of PTA in enhancing students" discipline, the extent to which PTA role enhances discipline, the challenges facing PTA in students discipline management and suggestions on how the PTA can be more effective in enhancing discipline. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies with a cross-sectional survey and phenomenological design. The target population consisted of 4 Government assisted public secondary schools, principals, discipline masters, PTA members, class teachers, and all students of the 4 public secondary schools in Makeni City. The sample size consisted of 4 principals, 4 discipline masters, 36 class teachers, 36 PTA members and 160 students. Data was collected by use of interview guides, questionnaires, and document analysis guide, which were personally administered by the researcher. Quantitative data was analyzed in frequencies and percentages using SPSS version 20, while qualitative data was organized into themes and analyzed descriptively. Conclusions and recommendations were made based on the findings there of.
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Women are vulnerable to HIV infections because of their biological make up and they use female condoms as a means of HIV and STIs as well as pregnancy prevention. At first it was the male condom of which women had no control as a strategy... more
Women are vulnerable to HIV infections because of their biological make up and they use female condoms as a means of HIV and STIs as well as pregnancy prevention. At first it was the male condom of which women had no control as a strategy of HIV and AIDS prevention as well as prevention of unwanted pregnancy. This led to development and use of female condom of which women have full control. The purpose of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices towards female condom use among female undergraduate students at Africa University. A quantitative descriptive cross sectional study design was used. Non probability Convenience sampling method was used to select 200 female undergraduate students aged 19 to 40 years. Data was collected using self administered questionnaire with four sections namely demographic, knowledge, attitude and practices regarding female condom use. Data was analyzed using Epi info. The results showed that less than half 80 (40%) participants had heard about the female condom from the mass media while a few 20 (10%) had heard from health workers. The other half 100 (50%) had heard about female condom from university female students and male friends. Although the majority (75%) correctly defined a female condom and all knew that it is made out of polyurethane material, a small number 60 (30%) acknowledged its effectiveness when used as a single condom, correctly and consistently. The findings indicate that undergraduate students have partial information regarding female condom. A significant number 55 (27.5%) thought that female condoms were used by educated women only while a notable number 30 (15%) cited that it is for commercial sex workers only. Non usage of female condom was attributed to men preferring dry sex (25%) and that it was expensive. Most 138 (69%) believed that culture and religion negatively influenced condom use. The findings reflect that cultural norms and misconceptions have a bearing on non use of female condoms by undergraduate students. Almost all 178 (89%) participants had no sexual satisfaction when using female condom hence majority 175 (87.5%) did not use the female condom when having sex; most 180 (90%) had never used a female condom before. Only 12 (6%) participants had collected female condoms from the University clinic. Reasons for non uptake of female condom were attributed to lack knowledge and interest (50.5%), discomfort while putting it on (19%), male condom preference (16.5%) and it was noisy (14%). The findings reveal low uptake of female condom by undergraduate female students mainly due to lack of empowerment. There is need therefore for the University Health Services Unit to continuously health educate undergraduate female students on female condom use to enhance the partial knowledge they already have in order to dispel the misconceptions and break the cultural barriers surrounding female condom use.
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This research is motivated by the design of curriculum development management which has a strategic position in increasing student excellence. Improving student excellence is an opportunity for madrasas as educational institutions that... more
This research is motivated by the design of curriculum development management which has a strategic position in increasing student excellence. Improving student excellence is an opportunity for madrasas as educational institutions that can produce a generation of superior, capable, strong character, following the civilization of the times. Madrasas that have curriculum development designs by taking into account the strengths of students in accordance with their respective potential advantages will provide space and opportunities for students to strengthen their character and excellence. This research uses a qualitative approach with a field research design. The results of this study are, the design of curriculum development that is centered on knowledge, the design of curriculum development in madrasas consists of planning based on the foundation, principles, and goals of education with the vision, mission of the madrasa and programs to increase student excellence determined by the educational institution.
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A well-functioning and developed Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector is a function of economic growth, which is according to economic theory. According to Kalu (2016), this sector of Sierra Leone economy lacks the funds to finance... more
A well-functioning and developed Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector is a function of economic growth, which is according to economic theory. According to Kalu (2016), this sector of Sierra Leone economy lacks the funds to finance its activities towards contributing to the growth and development of the Sierra Leone economy.
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In the last 2 decades, there is a universal awareness of the advantages of breast milk. In the western world, there have been increased trends of breastfeeding in recent years. On the other hand, there has been a decline in breastfeeding... more
In the last 2 decades, there is a universal awareness of the advantages of breast milk. In the western world, there have been increased trends of breastfeeding in recent years. On the other hand, there has been a decline in breastfeeding in developing countries. Breastfeeding should be initiated within the first hour after birth, and it includes the feeding of the first milk called colostrum which is recommended by WHO as the perfect food for the newborn. For the first six months of life exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for infants, and WHO recommends with only breast milk, without any additional food or drink, not even water. Breast milk is the natural first food for babies which provides all the energy and nutrients that the infant needs for the first months of life. It promotes sensory and cognitive development, and protects the infant against infectious and chronic diseases (WHO 2009). Good nutrition is one of the basic components of health and contributes positively to optimal child development, survival and maintenance of health throughout life. The nutritional and health status of infants depends mainly on the feeding practices, knowledge, and attitude of the community. According to Riten (2004), early life is a period of rapid growth with the weight of infant doubling by 6 months and tripling by 1 year of age. Breastfeeding was the rule in ancient times up to recent human history, and babies were fed exclusively with breast milk. With 18thand 19th-century industrialization in the Western world, mothers in many urban centers began dispensing with breastfeeding due to work requirements. Breastfeeding declined significantly from 1900 to 1960, due to negative social attitudes towards the practice and the development of infant formula. From the 1960s onwards, breastfeeding has experienced a revival which continues to the 2000s, though some negative attitudes towards the practice still remain. (Seidu, 2013, cited palmer, 2009). Keywords, Assessing, Breastfeeding, Children 0-23 Months, Sierra Leone 1.1.INTRODUCTION Breastfeeding is the fundamental component of the child-survival strategy. Breast milk is the natural first food for babies which provides all the energy and nutrients that the infant needs for the first months of life.Breastfeeding has always been the ideal feeding practice for infants and a natural process of infant feeding which involves two main methods, exclusive and partial.
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This study is a comprehensive research on the Impact of Physics Practical's on the Teaching and Learning Methodology of Senior Secondary Schools Selected in Sierra Leone. Physics subject is an elective subject where students in the... more
This study is a comprehensive research on the Impact of Physics Practical's on the Teaching and Learning Methodology of Senior Secondary Schools Selected in Sierra Leone. Physics subject is an elective subject where students in the science stream pursue the subject during their upper secondary school. This is despite the fundamental role Physics as a science subject plays in the contribution of innovations and developments teachers tend to avoid the practical work in the laboratory which they consider waste of time and they do not understand the importance of laboratory experiments. Specifically, the study was set to achieve six objectives namely; To find out the Demographic Characteristic of respondents, To identify the knowledge of teachers and students on physics practical, To examine the attitudes of student and teachers towards physics Practicals, To examine the engagement of teachers and students in physics Practicals, To determine the effectiveness of teaching physics and To identify the factors affecting the teaching and learning of physics Practical. The research was carried out by six selected senior Secondary Schools in Bo City. The design of the research will adopt a descriptive survey. The population of the study consists of 676 pupils and twelve (12) teachers in the senior secondary school that offer and teacher teaching physics respectively. Out of which 169 students and all the twelve teachers were selected through a simple random sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires .the a questionnaire comprises of six sections. Each of the section dealt with one objective. The analysis of the data collected was done using SPSS version 25 and Excel. From the result of the research many problems were unfolded. These problems that were unfolded are: the teachers and student are not effective engage in Practicals and there are factors affecting students and teacher in the effective teaching and learning of physics practical The recommendations made will mitigate the problem.
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This study is a comprehensive research on the Impact of Physics Practical's on the Teaching and Learning of Senior Secondary Schools Physics in Selected School in Bo City Physics subject is an elective subject where students in the... more
This study is a comprehensive research on the Impact of Physics Practical's on the Teaching and Learning of Senior Secondary Schools Physics in Selected School in Bo City Physics subject is an elective subject where students in the science stream pursue the subject during their upper secondary school. This is despite the fundamental role Physics as a science subject plays in the contribution of innovations and developments teachers tend to avoid the practical work in the laboratory which they consider waste of time and they do not understand the importance of laboratory experiments. Specifically, the study was set to achieve six objectives namely; To find out the Demographic Characteristic of respondents, To identify the knowledge of teachers and students on physics practical, To examine the attitudes of student and teachers towards physics Practicals, To examine the engagement of teachers and students in physics Practicals, To determine the effectiveness of teaching physics and To identify the factors affecting the teaching and learning of physics Practical. The research was carried out by six selected senior Secondary Schools in Bo City. The design of the research will adopt a descriptive survey. The population of the study consists of 676 pupils and twelve (12) teachers in the senior secondary school that offer and teacher teaching physics respectively. Out of which 169 students and all the twelve teachers were selected through a simple random sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires .the a questionnaire comprises of six sections. Each of the section dealt with one objective. The analysis of the data collected was done using SPSS version 25 and Excel. From the result of the research many problems were unfolded. These problems that were unfolded are: the teachers and student are not effective engage in Practicals and there are factors affecting students and teacher in the effective teaching and learning of physics practical The recommendations made will mitigate the problem.
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Ecological effects on roads construction include physical disturbance, habitats loss, extinction of populations of species near road edges, mortality of wildlife that are using roads edges as habitat, and the scattering of wildlife... more
Ecological effects on roads construction include physical disturbance, habitats loss, extinction of populations of species near road edges, mortality of wildlife that are using roads edges as habitat, and the scattering of wildlife (including invasive species and alien species) along road network. In other words, roads construction contributes essentially to the socioeconomic and cultural development of rural communities. Improved road infrastructure facilitates rural population to find work in and beyond their respective communities. Similarly, the city of Bo has been experiencing 21 st Century massive asphalt roads construction. This research is to assess the effects of road construction on ecological biodiversity on the livelihood of the people in Bo City. Biodiversity is increasingly threatened by rapid infrastructure expansion and its associated ecological effects. Infrastructure such as roads, alter ecological conditions by cutting through habitats and consequently reducing populations of many wildlife species. As a result local species in abundance decline in the nearness of infrastructure and increase with distance from the infrastructure until leveling off at a certain threshold distance. This decrease in population density varies by taxonomic group, with mammals being affected over long distance than birds (Benitez, Lopez, et al 2010.
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Humans are key players for the current unprecedented rate of biodiversity loss across the globe with climate change, pollution and the loss, fragmentation, and degradation of habitat (VITOUSEK et al 1997). According to convention on... more
Humans are key players for the current unprecedented rate of biodiversity loss across the globe with climate change, pollution and the loss, fragmentation, and degradation of habitat (VITOUSEK et al 1997). According to convention on biological diversity (C B D) in 2019, defines biodiversity as "the variety of life on earth, including plants, animals and microorganisms, as well as the ecosystem of which they are part. Biodiversity includes genetic differences within species, the diversity of species and the variety of ecosystem. The development and presence of roads infrastructures is the major indicator of economic growth. Research has shown that several important indicators of economy like trade, electricity, communication, health are positive correlated with the road infrastructure. Therefore any government of a country considers it important to invest in road infrastructure for feature prospect of the country with the best possible ways. However, consequences of road construction cannot be neglected. Roads construction for mobility and accessibility of people inevitably transforms natural habitat in to a sealed and highly disturbed environment which always implies net loss of wild life habitat. The physical encroachment on the land, gives rise to disturbance and barrier effects that contribute to the overall habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation in Sierra Leone. Humans are changing the original structure of ecological communities by roads infrastructure which increases the death rate of species. This modification in earth ecological communities causes a compelling concern for ecosystem diversity loss Sierra Leone, like most developing countries trying to construct roads for mobility and accessibility. Road construction projects undertaken by government or NGOs in Sierra Leone can reduce landscape permeability. Therefore the fundamental changes in landscape structure have both direct and indirect impacts on the conservation of species and biodiversity. The direct loss refers to the reduction of the total area of an ecosystem caused by the presence of roads and its verges, i.e. by the conversion of the original land cover into artificial surfaces. The indirect loss refers to the effects such as the fragmentation (portioning of an ecosystem in to smaller and more isolated patches), and the degradation of ecosystem induce by noise, air, water pollution, artificial light. These effects cause and indirect loss of habitat in that, they reduce the capacity of and ecosystem to sustain its original biodiversity. It is explicit that, in Sierra Leone, most of the species are endangered as a result of road constructions the use of bulldozers and other machines in the operation to level the land, clear trees, and flatten the ground will destroy and displace many living organisms from their natural habitat and change their entire ways of living. The process will unable organism to adapt to drastic changes in their natural habitat.
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The main objective of this study is to equally examine and evaluate the role of commercial banks on the economic growth in Sierra Leone. The study portrays how loans and credit affect the GDP and consequently the level of economic growth... more
The main objective of this study is to equally examine and evaluate the role of commercial banks on the economic growth in Sierra Leone. The study portrays how loans and credit affect the GDP and consequently the level of economic growth of Sierra Leone. The data for this research study was collected through primary sources and secondary sources included a number of text books and annual reports. But primary sources are mostly collected. The data was analyzed through quantitative analysis using descriptive statistics. At the end of the study, it was revealed that commercial banks have a positive impact on the economic growth in Sierra Leone. It was also realized that domestic credit from commercial banks has a directly proportional relationship. The Recommendations were stated on the fact that, government should encourage the saving culture of Sierra Leoneans, increase the level of deregulation in the banking sector and also reduce the tax burden on commercial banks.
In recent years the topic of decentralisation has received great attention. The increased interest is not only because of its theoretical appeal, but it is related to the rising number of countries adopting a more decentralised system.... more
In recent years the topic of decentralisation has received great attention. The increased interest is not only because of its theoretical appeal, but it is related to the rising number of countries adopting a more decentralised system. The widespread economic liberalization along with political change towards openness and democracy is one of the driving forces. In transition economies, including the transition countries in Europe and Central Asia (ECA)2 such trend was largely driven by the limited administrative and financial capacity of the center, while in some other regions the policy shift may be prompted by the collapse and erosion of central control. However, decentralization is not about weakening central authority. The important goal is to make the local government more responsive to the needs of local population. Most discussions about decentralisation accordingly center on attempts to improve the delivery of services. The countries in ECA region started the transition process with wholesale restructuring of their political systems. The discontent with welfare state institutions and the challenges that globalization processes triggered have modified the professional discourses on state, governance and democracy. The need for decentralization and devolution of power from central to local authorities has become one of the priorities in changing the state in these countries. The devolution of power necessarily intervenes with service delivery responsibilities, public finances arrangements, rebuilding central state capacities and institutions. While reasons for decentralization in the region vary, decentralization reform has been one of prevailing common prescriptions for addressing a wide range of other issues, including economic inefficiencies, macroeconomic instability, governance deficiencies, and poor delivery of public services. Interrogating some of the basic definitions on decentralization, decentralized governance and good governance and their significance for the ECA region, this paper focuses on the recent decentralization efforts made by the transition countries in ECA, concentrated around the implementation of the current decentralization agenda. It further explains why there are different approaches on the decentralization processes in these countries. At the same time, it recognizes that the decentralization everywhere is considered as a necessary mechanism to address a number of critical issues, including delivery of services. The section on legal, institutional capacities and financial resources at local level, attempts to underline the problem of limited capabilities that exists in local governments in these countries. The paper also addresses the importance of accountability and community empowerment in enhancing and improving service delivery. It suggests establishment of institutions and mechanisms to promote accountability in order to control government's abuses and increase governments' responsibility. Recognizing the predominant role of the public sector in delivery of services in ECA countries, the paper also explores the potential of different forms of public-private partnership, as well as the role of the civil sector in providing service delivery. Finally, while some of the challenges these countries are facing with in improving their governance systems are addressed in the concluding remarks (e.g. the fight against corruption), they are not further elaborated in this paper.
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In recent years the topic of decentralisation has received great attention. The increased interest is not only because of its theoretical appeal, but it is related to the rising number of countries adopting a more decentralised system.... more
In recent years the topic of decentralisation has received great attention. The increased interest is not only because of its theoretical appeal, but it is related to the rising number of countries adopting a more decentralised system. The widespread economic liberalization along with political change towards openness and democracy is one of the driving forces. In transition economies, including the transition countries in Europe and Central Asia (ECA)2 such trend was largely driven by the limited administrative and financial capacity of the center, while in some other regions the policy shift may be prompted by the collapse and erosion of central control. However, decentralization is not about weakening central authority. The important goal is to make the local government more responsive to the needs of local population. Most discussions about decentralisation accordingly center on attempts to improve the delivery of services. The countries in ECA region started the transition process with wholesale restructuring of their political systems. The discontent with welfare state institutions and the challenges that globalization processes triggered have modified the professional discourses on state, governance and democracy. The need for decentralization and devolution of power from central to local authorities has become one of the priorities in changing the state in these countries. The devolution of power necessarily intervenes with service delivery responsibilities, public finances arrangements, rebuilding central state capacities and institutions. While reasons for decentralization in the region vary, decentralization reform has been one of prevailing common prescriptions for addressing a wide range of other issues, including economic inefficiencies, macroeconomic instability, governance deficiencies, and poor delivery of public services. Interrogating some of the basic definitions on decentralization, decentralized governance and good governance and their significance for the ECA region, this paper focuses on the recent decentralization efforts made by the transition countries in ECA, concentrated around the implementation of the current decentralization agenda. It further explains why there are different approaches on the decentralization processes in these countries. At the same time, it recognizes that the decentralization everywhere is considered as a necessary mechanism to address a number of critical issues, including delivery of services. The section on legal, institutional capacities and financial resources at local level, attempts to underline the problem of limited capabilities that exists in local governments in these countries. The paper also addresses the importance of accountability and community empowerment in enhancing and improving service delivery. It suggests establishment of institutions and mechanisms to promote accountability in order to control government's abuses and increase governments' responsibility. Recognizing the predominant role of the public sector in delivery of services in ECA countries, the paper also explores the potential of different forms of public-private partnership, as well as the role of the civil sector in providing service delivery. Finally, while some of the challenges these countries are facing with in improving their governance systems are addressed in the concluding remarks (e.g. the fight against corruption), they are not further elaborated in this paper.
Research Interests:
Financial fraud is a major threat to institutions in Sierra Leone especially the Banking institutions, and this problem is expected to grow if measures are not installed to preventing the spade of fraudulent activities in institutions.... more
Financial fraud is a major threat to institutions in Sierra Leone especially the Banking institutions, and this problem is expected to grow if measures are not installed to preventing the spade of fraudulent activities in institutions. Billions of leones are lost on a yearly basis through fraudulent activities in financial institutions according to the financial intellengence units, and these acts have derailed the profitability propensity of these Banks. The consequences of frauds on an institution are so adverse and enormous, and they could derail the progress of such institutions, and fundamentally undermine the objectives, goals and targets of such institutions. A liberal, condusive and competitive market can never be achieved, if the issues around fraud are not managed or prevented either on the side of the financial institutions, or the customers or clients of those institutions. I used a unique dataset to examine the causes and consequences of financial fraud in Banking institution in Sierra leone, using Eco Bank Sierra Leone Limited as a case. First, i find that decreasing cognition is associated with higher scam susceptibility scores and is predictive of fraud victimization. Second, overconfidence in one's financial knowledge is associated with fraud victimization and so much more.
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This study is to determine the factors that influence the prevalence of healthcare associated infections among HCWs in Bo City. HAI is one of the leading causes of death and increased morbidity for hospitalized patients. After the... more
This study is to determine the factors that influence the prevalence of healthcare associated infections among HCWs in Bo City. HAI is one of the leading causes of death and increased morbidity for hospitalized patients. After the principle of the study and its possible outcomes are explained to all subjects. All personal information of the study subjects and result were dealt with confidentially. All healthcare associated infections cases involving HCWs at Rescue Health Center for a period of two years (2020 and 2021) were analyzed even though the data used was not originally collected for any research purposes. A total of 860 healthcare associated infection patients were recruited for the study. The minimum age of study participants was 40 years and maximum was 80 years and above. The median age was 60 years. Healthcare associated infections are one of the common medical conditions to be contact in hospital everywhere. Consequently, this study has also discovered that healthcare associated infections are closely connected and associated with the type of job someone had; and that the condition can lead to disastrous consequences. Healthcare associated infections were proven to have led to problems such as heart disease, stroke, vision loss, kidney disease, and nerve damage. It came out clearly during this research that one out of four people who visited Rescue Health Center do not know they had healthcare associated infections. This study also found out that healthcare associated infections, like any other disease can affect any gender male or Female, whether rich or poor. Results further shows that more female than men are affected, of serious concern to the researcher is the huge difference between those women below the age of 60 years. This seemingly huge difference was attributed to the frequency of hospital visit by women or their children. In this study, majority of the study participants were males. This is always the case as far as healthcare associated infected patients are concerned and in similar studies earlier, males were majority of the patients. But healthcare associated infections are more prevalence among female than male. The study also shows that healthcare associated infections were more prevalent in July (14.3%) for 2020 while as August (36.1%) had the highest for 2021. The study also shows that healthcare associated infections are more prevalence in 2021 (10.1%) as compared to 2020 (8.1%). The prevalence of healthcare associated infections was found to be 9.2% which is higher than what has been found in an earlier study in Rescue Health Center as 7.8%. A total of 860 screened patients were recruited at the Rescue Health Center during this study and (475) were males with a prevalence of (8.4.0%). The findings of this study also conform accordingly regarding those who visited Rescue Health Center It can be rightly concluded from the summary of the findings that healthcare associated infections depends on frequency of hospital visits and the degree of training received by the medical personnel. These findings are strong and should therefore not be swept under the carpet or taken for granted. It can also be safely concluded that the rate of infection among adult women below 60years is overwhelmingly higher than that of men in that same age bracket.
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This research examines opportunities and constraints facing local revenue mobilization in Sierra Leone, with an emphasis on local governments settings. Specific revenue instruments and their effects on economic efficiency, income... more
This research examines opportunities and constraints facing local revenue mobilization in Sierra Leone, with an emphasis on local governments settings. Specific revenue instruments and their effects on economic efficiency, income distribution and accountability are discussed. In particular, political and administrative constraints facing various revenue instruments and factors affecting citizens' compliance behaviour are addressed accordingly. The analysis is exemplified by critical examination from cases across local governments in Sierra Leone. A general conclusion emerging from the study is that local revenues mobilised in most local government authorities in Sierra Leone are necessary but not sufficient to develop and supply adequate services for the fast-growing population. On this basis constraints, opportunities and areas for further research on the dynamics local government revenue mobilisation in Sierra Leone are identified.
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Electronic commerce (e-commerce) has transformed business processes in a number of organizations and will continue to do so in future (Al-Qirim, 2009).A number of scholars hold the view that innovation shave positive impact on business... more
Electronic commerce (e-commerce) has transformed business processes in a number of organizations and will continue to do so in future (Al-Qirim, 2009).A number of scholars hold the view that innovation shave positive impact on business operations and bring with them substantial benefits. Some of the benefits widely associated with innovations include the following: improvement in operational efficiency, access to a wider range of markets, greater potential for partnership with suppliers, improved customer services, accessibility and flexibility in administration, and partnership among others (Vaithianathan, 2010).
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ABSTRACT Public finance management is critical to the development of any nation, and therefore conscious efforts must be made available to ensuring that there are tools, concrete actions and steps that could assist in the management of... more
ABSTRACT
Public finance management is critical to the development of any nation, and therefore conscious efforts must be made available to ensuring that there are tools, concrete actions and steps that could assist in the management of state resources and finance, which in return could help in developing the trust of the citizenry in the Government.Many developing nations are now having an opportunity to ensuring that financial resources of the state are properly managed. The consequent increment of unemployment rate, poverty, lack of better education, and good social amenities are all in existence as a result of gross incompetence and improper management of the resources of the state.Each and every Government has the duty of care to ensuring accountability, transparency, political will, and controls (checks and balances) in the administration, and management of state resources.Sierra leone as a post conflict reconstruction country, shares the same challenges with any other developing country when it comes to national resources (finance) management. Previous reports by the audit service Sierra Leone, spanning from the periods of 2014 to 2020 could serve as a pointer to corroborate the facts that gross incompetence in the management of the finances of the state is getting to an uncondonable level, and therefore it is mandatory on the authorities of the state to effect positive steps to addressing that issue.Sierra leone’s wage bill increased from 43% to 67% from 2018 to 2020, which is about 24% according to statistics and data from the ministry of finance.Therefore if Government keeps on this same pace of sheer economic insensitivity, without exploring other revenue opportunities, and also if the demand of finances exceeds the supply of the available finance resources, that will create an imbalance economic conditions, and then the welfare and quality of life of the citizens would be compromised.Conclusively the thrust of this research seeks to explore the possible opportunities, and emanating challenges of public finance management in the context of Sierra Leone.
Public finance management is critical to the development of any nation, and therefore conscious efforts must be made available to ensuring that there are tools, concrete actions and steps that could assist in the management of state resources and finance, which in return could help in developing the trust of the citizenry in the Government.Many developing nations are now having an opportunity to ensuring that financial resources of the state are properly managed. The consequent increment of unemployment rate, poverty, lack of better education, and good social amenities are all in existence as a result of gross incompetence and improper management of the resources of the state.Each and every Government has the duty of care to ensuring accountability, transparency, political will, and controls (checks and balances) in the administration, and management of state resources.Sierra leone as a post conflict reconstruction country, shares the same challenges with any other developing country when it comes to national resources (finance) management. Previous reports by the audit service Sierra Leone, spanning from the periods of 2014 to 2020 could serve as a pointer to corroborate the facts that gross incompetence in the management of the finances of the state is getting to an uncondonable level, and therefore it is mandatory on the authorities of the state to effect positive steps to addressing that issue.Sierra leone’s wage bill increased from 43% to 67% from 2018 to 2020, which is about 24% according to statistics and data from the ministry of finance.Therefore if Government keeps on this same pace of sheer economic insensitivity, without exploring other revenue opportunities, and also if the demand of finances exceeds the supply of the available finance resources, that will create an imbalance economic conditions, and then the welfare and quality of life of the citizens would be compromised.Conclusively the thrust of this research seeks to explore the possible opportunities, and emanating challenges of public finance management in the context of Sierra Leone.
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ABSTRACT Public finance management is critical to the development of any nation, and therefore conscious efforts must be made available to ensuring that there are tools, concrete actions and steps that could assist in the management of... more
ABSTRACT
Public finance management is critical to the development of any nation, and therefore conscious efforts must be made available to ensuring that there are tools, concrete actions and steps that could assist in the management of state resources and finance, which in return could help in developing the trust of the citizenry in the Government.Many developing nations are now having an opportunity to ensuring that financial resources of the state are properly managed. The consequent increment of unemployment rate, poverty, lack of better education, and good social amenities are all in existence as a result of gross incompetence and improper management of the resources of the state.Each and every Government has the duty of care to ensuring accountability, transparency, political will, and controls (checks and balances) in the administration, and management of state resources.Sierra leone as a post conflict reconstruction country, shares the same challenges with any other developing country when it comes to national resources (finance) management. Previous reports by the audit service Sierra Leone, spanning from the periods of 2014 to 2020 could serve as a pointer to corroborate the facts that gross incompetence in the management of the finances of the state is getting to an uncondonable level, and therefore it is mandatory on the authorities of the state to effect positive steps to addressing that issue.Sierra leone’s wage bill increased from 43% to 67% from 2018 to 2020, which is about 24% according to statistics and data from the ministry of finance.Therefore if Government keeps on this same pace of sheer economic insensitivity, without exploring other revenue opportunities, and also if the demand of finances exceeds the supply of the available finance resources, that will create an imbalance economic conditions, and then the welfare and quality of life of the citizens would be compromised.Conclusively the thrust of this research seeks to explore the possible opportunities, and emanating challenges of public finance management in the context of Sierra Leone.
Public finance management is critical to the development of any nation, and therefore conscious efforts must be made available to ensuring that there are tools, concrete actions and steps that could assist in the management of state resources and finance, which in return could help in developing the trust of the citizenry in the Government.Many developing nations are now having an opportunity to ensuring that financial resources of the state are properly managed. The consequent increment of unemployment rate, poverty, lack of better education, and good social amenities are all in existence as a result of gross incompetence and improper management of the resources of the state.Each and every Government has the duty of care to ensuring accountability, transparency, political will, and controls (checks and balances) in the administration, and management of state resources.Sierra leone as a post conflict reconstruction country, shares the same challenges with any other developing country when it comes to national resources (finance) management. Previous reports by the audit service Sierra Leone, spanning from the periods of 2014 to 2020 could serve as a pointer to corroborate the facts that gross incompetence in the management of the finances of the state is getting to an uncondonable level, and therefore it is mandatory on the authorities of the state to effect positive steps to addressing that issue.Sierra leone’s wage bill increased from 43% to 67% from 2018 to 2020, which is about 24% according to statistics and data from the ministry of finance.Therefore if Government keeps on this same pace of sheer economic insensitivity, without exploring other revenue opportunities, and also if the demand of finances exceeds the supply of the available finance resources, that will create an imbalance economic conditions, and then the welfare and quality of life of the citizens would be compromised.Conclusively the thrust of this research seeks to explore the possible opportunities, and emanating challenges of public finance management in the context of Sierra Leone.
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The numeracy literacy of Indonesian students at the international level is still relatively low. This can be seen based on the results of the PISA test. In 2015, Indonesia obtained a PISA score of 386 for mathematics from each country's... more
The numeracy literacy of Indonesian students at the international level is still relatively low. This can be seen based on the results of the PISA test. In 2015, Indonesia obtained a PISA score of 386 for mathematics from each country's average score, namely 487. Low numeracy literacy can occur due to student errors in solving numeracy questions, namely conceptual and work procedure errors. Numerical Literacy is closely related to solving mathematical problems, primarily found in questions of the Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) type. Therefore, no research examines numeracy skills in solving HOTS problems. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study type. This study's subjects were class VIII MTs Negeri 5 Tulungagung students. This study used 2 data collection techniques: tests in the form of descriptions and interviews. The analysis model used is Miles and Huberman's model, which consists of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results of this study indicate that the level of numeracy ability of students at MTs Negeri 5 Tulungaguang is quite diverse, although, in percentage terms, those with moderate numeracy skills are more dominant. (1) Students with low numeracy abilities cannot fulfil all indicators of Numerical Literacy ability in solving problems, (2) Students with moderate numeracy ability can only fulfil three indicators of Numerical Literacy ability in solving problems, and
(3) Students with high numeracy abilities can fulfil all indicators of
Numerical Literacy ability in solving problems.
(3) Students with high numeracy abilities can fulfil all indicators of
Numerical Literacy ability in solving problems.
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Small and Medium Enterprises are crucial to the Economic Development of any developing nation such as Sierra Leone, and as a result it is seen as a bridge or one of the major and significant drivers of an Economy to full... more
Small and Medium Enterprises are crucial to the Economic Development of any developing nation such as Sierra Leone, and as a result it is seen as a bridge or one of the major and significant drivers of an Economy to full industrialization. Taxation as it is known as the major source of revenue for Governments, and SME's are major contributors towards Government revenue mobilization, but not much is known about the impacts of Taxation on Small and Medium Enterprises in Sierra Leone but with emphasis on SME's in Makeni City. Ten SME's were selected as case studies for the purposes of this research, and they were purposively selected as samples for the research. According to the research, it was discovered that SME's activities are hugely impacted by the many taxation regimes implemented on them, and that a little or know much knowledge is known about taxation policies by SME's in Makeni City. Furthermore, the many taxes levied on SME's affects their profits, and which also accounts for the closure and premature termination of Many SME's in Makeni City, and which has also resulted to the economic depression of the Economy of Makeni City. Moreover, it was recommended on the research that Government must ensure that they educate the owners of SME's on the various taxation regimes applicable on Small and Medium Enterprises in Makeni City. Conclusively, Government must ensure that they reduce the tax burdens on SME's so that they could enhance the profitability of Small and Medium Enterprises in Makeni City.
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The analysis is based on a detailed evaluation of primary data collected through case studies, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews in Senior secondary schools in Masingbi. Mathematics education learning is explored to... more
The analysis is based on a detailed evaluation of primary data collected through case studies, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews in Senior secondary schools in Masingbi. Mathematics education learning is explored to understand the issues surrounding Technology integration. This study shows that despite the perceived advantages of Technology integrated teaching and learning methods, there are barriers closely connected to teachers’ teaching beliefs at work. Most educators admitted the lack of ongoing professional training programs and curriculum expectations as among the factors that affect their attitudes towards Technology in their respective Teaching and learning schools. Further empirical research is suggested to advance the exploration of the role of subject leaders in Technology -integrated Teaching and learning methods. This research provides an in-depth analysis of the exploration of own practice and mathematics teachers' perceptions on integrating Technology...
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The world of human education can be studied in a structured and well-supported manner. Because learning to build each person's personality. Interest is the tendency to observe and remember various activities. Always pay attention,... more
The world of human education can be studied in a structured and well-supported manner. Because learning to build each person's personality. Interest is the tendency to observe and remember various activities. Always pay attention, followed by a sense of fun, interest, desire, concentration, and students' understanding of mathematics. Communication can be interpreted as a technique of conveying messages from a messenger to a recipient with the intention of expressing or informing a comment orally or in writing. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between interest and students' written communication skills in solving realistic mathematical problems. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data obtained by using questionnaires and tests. The subjects of this research were two students of class XI MIPA. The steps taken are through learning through the WhatsApp group by working on questionnaires and tests individually. The researcher identifi...
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The role of teachers in the academic performance of pupils in schools is key among others in the output of pupils and the appraisal of teachers in Sierra Leone. The general aim of the study was 1) to carry out an assessment of the role of... more
The role of teachers in the academic performance of pupils in schools is key among others in the output of pupils and the appraisal of teachers in Sierra Leone. The general aim of the study was 1) to carry out an assessment of the role of teachers in the performance of pupils in the national primary school examination (N.P.S.E) in the Yoni Mamaila chiefdom; and 2) to determine the extent to which the chiefdom stakeholders have been able to effectively play their role especially the members of the Chiefdom Education Committee (C.E.C). This research uses mixed methods. Descriptive survey research with Cross-sectional designs was use for this study. in this study, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation were used. This research was conducted at 4 selected schools, there were 200 people as the research population. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, so that 60 respondents were obtained. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive data analysis. From the results of the analysis, it is clear that teachers play an integral role in improving students' academic achievement in the National Elementary School Examination. imitations and obstacles still hinder students from doing well on the NPSE. There are so many factors that influence it, especially in terms of socio-economic. Equally important is the presence of stakeholders who are needed to support students in working on the NPSE.
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Cassava can be consumed through various processing methods, including boiling, frying, grilling over wood charcoal, and pounding and processing into a starchy paste known as getup. During its day, this tradition exhibited qualities that... more
Cassava can be consumed through various processing methods, including boiling, frying, grilling over wood charcoal, and pounding and processing into a starchy paste known as getup. During its day, this tradition exhibited qualities that were commendable, pragmatic, and held significant worth. Nevertheless, successfully adopting these preparations and cuisines among the millennial age and age Z necessitates ingenuity and inventiveness. This study investigates the potential of cassava rice as a viable alternative to paddy rice while also proposing strategies to enhance the reputation and market perception of cassava rice to match that of paddy rice objects. The researchers employed a systematic literature review methodology, which was subsequently followed by a comprehensive analysis and comparison of the data put forth in earlier investigations. The findings of the study indicate that cassava rice has the potential to serve as a viable alternative to traditional rice on a national scale. Hence, cassava rice can be analogous to regular rice due to its significant carbohydrate content, allowing it to fulfill the same dietary role. The primary objective of this research is to establish a foundation for micro companies to conduct experimental trials in order to substantiate the advantages of cassava rice, both in terms of its nutritional value and its potential for use in various recipes. The research is constrained by its methodology, which relies on longitudinal and laboratory findings as the theoretical foundation.
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Globally, around 80% of individuals exposed to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) develop chronic infection; while 3-11% will develop liver cirrhosis within 20 years. HBV transmission is increasingly driven by intravenous drug use 1. Medical... more
Globally, around 80% of individuals exposed to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) develop chronic infection; while 3-11% will develop liver cirrhosis within 20 years. HBV transmission is increasingly driven by intravenous drug use 1. Medical injections and transfusions are predominant sources of HBV infection in many countries. The emergence of IDU in settings where the prevalence of HBV is high (Africa, the Middle East and South East Asia) presents an additional public health threat. This study is described the distribution of HBV seroprevalence according to age groups, sex, occupation and educational status among healthcare workers working at the Connaught Hospital in Sierra Leone. This is a cross sectional study that analyzed the laboratory records of 79 HBV infected healthcare personnel in order to determine the seroprevalence of HBV by sex, occupation type, educational levels and age groups. The study participants are confirmed HBV positive cases who were tested between the periods May 2017 to August 2018. All study participants are healthcare workers at Connaught Hospital in Sierra Leone and belong to varying age groups and educational background. The median age of HBV cases was 34 (IQR= 38-29). Majority (37/79) of HBV cases belongs to the age group 25-35 years; only few (5/79) belongs to the age group 20-25 years. Our finding shows that there are more men than women infected with HBV. This could be due to the fact that most men don't practice safe sex.
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Research Interests:
Ecological effects on roads construction include physical disturbance, habitats loss, extinction of populations of species near road edges, mortality of wildlife that are using roads edges as habitat, and the scattering of wildlife... more
Ecological effects on roads construction include physical disturbance, habitats loss, extinction of populations of species near road edges, mortality of wildlife that are using roads edges as habitat, and the scattering of wildlife (including invasive species and alien species) along road network. In other words, roads construction contributes essentially to the socio-economic and cultural development of rural communities. Improved road infrastructure facilitates rural population to find work in and beyond their respective communities. Similarly, the city of Bo has been experiencing 21st Century massive asphalt roads construction. This research is to assess the effects of road construction on ecological biodiversity on the livelihood of the people in Bo City. Biodiversity is increasingly threatened by rapid infrastructure expansion and its associated ecological effects. Infrastructure such as roads, alter ecological conditions by cutting through habitats and consequently reducing po...
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Urinary schistosomiasis (US) is endemic in Cameroon. Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) are important aspects for control of the disease. However, data on these remain scanty. We aimed at evaluating knowledge, attitudes and... more
Urinary schistosomiasis (US) is endemic in Cameroon. Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) are important aspects for control of the disease. However, data on these remain scanty. We aimed at evaluating knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding urinary schistosomiasis among adults in households in the Ekombe Bonji health area. A community-based, cross-sectional study was carried out at Ekombe Bonji health area from February to March, 2017, involving all 12 communities. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding urinary schistosomiasis among 198 adults and to record their socio-demographic, environmental and clinical variables. Data were stored in Excel version 2013 and analysed using Stata version 14.2. Of the 198 adults interviewed, only 35.4% had prior knowledge about urinary schistosomiasis. Among these, 94.3%, 74.3%, 57.7% knew the signs and symptoms, modes of transmission and preventive measures respectively. Only 14.3% knew ...
Research Interests: Environmental Health, Health Education, Cameroon, Adolescent, Medicine, and 15 moreHumans, Schistosomiasis, Female, Disease, Male, Psychological Intervention, Young Adult, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Cross Sectional Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Paediatrics and reproductive medicine, and Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
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This study is a comprehensive research on the Impact of Physics Practical’s on the Teaching and Learning Methodology of Senior Secondary Schools Selected in Sierra Leone. Physics subject is an elective subject where students in the... more
This study is a comprehensive research on the Impact of Physics Practical’s on the Teaching and Learning Methodology of Senior Secondary Schools Selected in Sierra Leone. Physics subject is an elective subject where students in the science stream pursue the subject during their upper secondary school. This is despite the fundamental role Physics as a science subject plays in the contribution of innovations and developments teachers tend to avoid the practical work in the laboratory which they consider waste of time and they do not understand the importance of laboratory experiments. Specifically, the study was set to achieve six objectives namely; To find out the Demographic Characteristic of respondents, To identify the knowledge of teachers and students on physics practical, To examine the attitudes of student and teachers towards physics Practicals, To examine the engagement of teachers and students in physics Practicals, To determine the effectiveness of teaching physics and To ...
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This research is motivated by the design of curriculum development management which has a strategic position in increasing student excellence. Improving student excellence is an opportunity for madrasas as educational institutions that... more
This research is motivated by the design of curriculum development management which has a strategic position in increasing student excellence. Improving student excellence is an opportunity for madrasas as educational institutions that can produce a generation of superior, capable, strong character, following the civilization of the times. Madrasas that have curriculum development designs by taking into account the strengths of students in accordance with their respective potential advantages will provide space and opportunities for students to strengthen their character and excellence. This research uses a qualitative approach with a field research design. The results of this study are, the design of curriculum development that is centered on knowledge, the design of curriculum development in madrasas consists of planning based on the foundation, principles, and goals of education with the vision, mission of the madrasa and programs to increase student excellence determined by the educational institution.
In the last 2 decades, there is a universal awareness of the advantages of breast milk. In the western world, there have been increased trends of breastfeeding in recent years. On the other hand, there has been a decline in breastfeeding... more
In the last 2 decades, there is a universal awareness of the advantages of breast milk. In the western world, there have been increased trends of breastfeeding in recent years. On the other hand, there has been a decline in breastfeeding in developing countries. Breastfeeding should be initiated within the first hour after birth, and it includes the feeding of the first milk called colostrum which is recommended by WHO as the perfect food for the newborn. For the first six months of life exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for infants, and WHO recommends with only breast milk, without any additional food or drink, not even water. Breast milk is the natural first food for babies which provides all the energy and nutrients that the infant needs for the first months of life. It promotes sensory and cognitive development, and protects the infant against infectious and chronic diseases (WHO 2009). Good nutrition is one of the basic components of health and contributes positively to optimal child development, survival and maintenance of health throughout life. The nutritional and health status of infants depends mainly on the feeding practices, knowledge, and attitude of the community. According to Riten (2004), early life is a period of rapid growth with the weight of infant doubling by 6 months and tripling by 1 year of age. Breastfeeding was the rule in ancient times up to recent human history, and babies were fed exclusively with breast milk. With 18thand 19th-century industrialization in the Western world, mothers in many urban centers began dispensing with breastfeeding due to work requirements. Breastfeeding declined significantly from 1900 to 1960, due to negative social attitudes towards the practice and the development of infant formula. From the 1960s onwards, breastfeeding has experienced a revival which continues to the 2000s, though some negative attitudes towards the practice still remain. (Seidu, 2013, cited palmer, 2009). Keywords, Assessing, Breastfeeding, Children 0-23 Months, Sierra Leone 1.1.INTRODUCTION Breastfeeding is the fundamental component of the child-survival strategy. Breast milk is the natural first food for babies which provides all the energy and nutrients that the infant needs for the first months of life.Breastfeeding has always been the ideal feeding practice for infants and a natural process of infant feeding which involves two main methods, exclusive and partial.
Humans are key players for the current unprecedented rate of biodiversity loss across the globe with climate change, pollution and the loss, fragmentation, and degradation of habitat (VITOUSEK et al 1997). According to convention on... more
Humans are key players for the current unprecedented rate of biodiversity loss across the globe with climate change, pollution and the loss, fragmentation, and degradation of habitat (VITOUSEK et al 1997). According to convention on biological diversity (C B D) in 2019, defines biodiversity as “the variety of life on earth, including plants, animals and microorganisms, as well as the ecosystem of which they are part. Biodiversity includes genetic differences within species, the diversity of species and the variety of ecosystem. The development and presence of roads infrastructures is the major indicator of economic growth. Research has shown that several important indicators of economy like trade, electricity, communication, health are positive correlated with the road infrastructure. Therefore any government of a country considers it important to invest in road infrastructure for feature prospect of the country with the best possible ways. However, consequences of road construction...
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In recent years the topic of decentralisation has received great attention. The increased interest is not only because of its theoretical appeal, but it is related to the rising number of countries adopting a more decentralised system.... more
In recent years the topic of decentralisation has received great attention. The increased interest is not only because of its theoretical appeal, but it is related to the rising number of countries adopting a more decentralised system. The widespread economic liberalization along with political change towards openness and democracy is one of the driving forces. In transition economies, including the transition countries in Europe and Central Asia (ECA)2 such trend was largely driven by the limited administrative and financial capacity of the center, while in some other regions the policy shift may be prompted by the collapse and erosion of central control. However, decentralization is not about weakening central authority. The important goal is to make the local government more responsive to the needs of local population. Most discussions about decentralisation accordingly center on attempts to improve the delivery of services. The countries in ECA region started the transition proc...
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In the wake of invasive species and climate change, sub-family Lymantriinae a neglected group was chosen to evaluate and consider as bio-indicator of the disturbed ecosystem with anthropogenic activities. In the present study, moth... more
In the wake of invasive species and climate change, sub-family Lymantriinae a neglected group was chosen to evaluate and consider as bio-indicator of the disturbed ecosystem with anthropogenic activities. In the present study, moth collections were carried out through a light trap in the plains at the foot hills of the Nilgiris and hilly regions of lower Pulney hills. The hilly region was more abundant with 260 individuals of 18 species from 12 genera under 5 tribes than the plains with 87 individuals of 14 species from 10 genera under 4 tribes. The dominant Lymantriid fauna were distinctly different for both regions. Plains were dominated by Aroa simplex attributed to prevalence of Lantana camera and hilly regions dominated by Perina nuda on Artocarpus heterophyllus intercropped in coffee plantations. The alpha diversity analysis also indicated that the hilly region was species-rich than the plains with more anthropogenic activities through Shannon Weiner Diversity index, Simpson’s...
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The above-mentioned United Nations Environmental Protection (UNEP) Green Economy Initiative (GEI) defines a green economy as "one that results in improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental... more
The above-mentioned United Nations Environmental Protection (UNEP) Green Economy Initiative (GEI) defines a green economy as "one that results in improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities". In its simplest expression, a green economy can be thought of as one which is low carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive." Others such as OECD, World Bank and Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) use the term 'green growth', which is similar to the concept of green economy yet slightly different in terms of its implementation approach. The OECD Green Growth Report defines green growth as "fostering economic growth and development, while ensuring that natural assets continue to provide the resources and environmental services on which our wellbeing relies". Hence, both operate on the basis of development within planetary boundaries. Growth is an element of both concepts, but the question remains what kind of growth and how do we come back, or remain, within planetary limits. In developing countries such as Sierra Leone, roughly six million people lack access to energy, water, sanitation, shelter, food, clothing and transport. Without significant growth of goods and services, it is impossible to lift these people out of poverty. Although growth does not always translate into poverty reduction, poverty reduction is always associated with growth whichever the measure of poverty is used. Whereas in industrialized countries, consumption and production patterns are unsustainable, using considerable amounts of natural resources and with related negative environmental and sometimes social impacts. The green economy seeks to drive the growth of nations, especially developing and transitioning countries.
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This study is a comprehensive research on the Impact of Physics Practical's on the Teaching and Learning of Senior Secondary Schools Physics in Selected School in Bo City Physics subject is an elective subject where students in the... more
This study is a comprehensive research on the Impact of Physics Practical's on the Teaching and Learning of Senior Secondary Schools Physics in Selected School in Bo City Physics subject is an elective subject where students in the science stream pursue the subject during their upper secondary school. This is despite the fundamental role Physics as a science subject plays in the contribution of innovations and developments teachers tend to avoid the practical work in the laboratory which they consider waste of time and they do not understand the importance of laboratory experiments. Specifically, the study was set to achieve six objectives namely; To find out the Demographic Characteristic of respondents, To identify the knowledge of teachers and students on physics practical, To examine the attitudes of student and teachers towards physics Practicals, To examine the engagement of teachers and students in physics Practicals, To determine the effectiveness of teaching physics and To identify the factors affecting the teaching and learning of physics Practical. The research was carried out by six selected senior Secondary Schools in Bo City. The design of the research will adopt a descriptive survey. The population of the study consists of 676 pupils and twelve (12) teachers in the senior secondary school that offer and teacher teaching physics respectively. Out of which 169 students and all the twelve teachers were selected through a simple random sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires .the a questionnaire comprises of six sections. Each of the section dealt with one objective. The analysis of the data collected was done using SPSS version 25 and Excel. From the result of the research many problems were unfolded. These problems that were unfolded are: the teachers and student are not effective engage in Practicals and there are factors affecting students and teacher in the effective teaching and learning of physics practical The recommendations made will mitigate the problem.
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This study is to determine the factors that influence the prevalence of healthcare associated infections among HCWs in Bo City. HAI is one of the leading causes of death and increased morbidity for hospitalized patients. After the... more
This study is to determine the factors that influence the prevalence of healthcare associated infections among HCWs in Bo City. HAI is one of the leading causes of death and increased morbidity for hospitalized patients. After the principle of the study and its possible outcomes are explained to all subjects. All personal information of the study subjects and result were dealt with confidentially. All healthcare associated infections cases involving HCWs at Rescue Health Center for a period of two years (2020 and 2021) were analyzed even though the data used was not originally collected for any research purposes. A total of 860 healthcare associated infection patients were recruited for the study. The minimum age of study participants was 40 years and maximum was 80 years and above. The median age was 60 years. Healthcare associated infections are one of the common medical conditions to be contact in hospital everywhere. Consequently, this study has also discovered that healthcare associated infections are closely connected and associated with the type of job someone had; and that the condition can lead to disastrous consequences. Healthcare associated infections were proven to have led to problems such as heart disease, stroke, vision loss, kidney disease, and nerve damage. It came out clearly during this research that one out of four people who visited Rescue Health Center do not know they had healthcare associated infections. This study also found out that healthcare associated infections, like any other disease can affect any gender male or Female, whether rich or poor. Results further shows that more female than men are affected, of serious concern to the researcher is the huge difference between those women below the age of 60 years. This seemingly huge difference was attributed to the frequency of hospital visit by women or their children. In this study, majority of the study participants were males. This is always the case as far as healthcare associated infected patients are concerned and in similar studies earlier, males were majority of the patients. But healthcare associated infections are more prevalence among female than male. The study also shows that healthcare associated infections were more prevalent in July (14.3%) for 2020 while as August (36.1%) had the highest for 2021. The study also shows that healthcare associated infections are more prevalence in 2021 (10.1%) as compared to 2020 (8.1%). The prevalence of healthcare associated infections was found to be 9.2% which is higher than what has been found in an earlier study in Rescue Health Center as 7.8%. A total of 860 screened patients were recruited at the Rescue Health Center during this study and (475) were males with a prevalence of (8.4.0%). The findings of this study also conform accordingly regarding those who visited Rescue Health Center It can be rightly concluded from the summary of the findings that healthcare associated infections depends on frequency of hospital visits and the degree of training received by the medical personnel. These findings are strong and should therefore not be swept under the carpet or taken for granted. It can also be safely concluded that the rate of infection among adult women below 60years is overwhelmingly higher than that of men in that same age bracket.