David Hannaway
Oregon State University, Crop and Soil Science, Faculty Member
ABSTRACT
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1. Historical approach has been traditional, point-based, individual experiments combined with extension education to convey best management practices. 2. Budget cuts have forced efficient new approaches to field experiments. 3. Computer... more
1. Historical approach has been traditional, point-based, individual experiments combined with extension education to convey best management practices. 2. Budget cuts have forced efficient new approaches to field experiments. 3. Computer tools provide a means for improving understanding, creativity, and cost-effective visualization and integration of statistical and spatial data and expert knowledge into management decision-aids and improved priority-setting and resource allocation. 4. Vision is for better integration of the various disciplines and technologies to improve global collaboration and management decision-making.
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ABSTRACT Hyperspectral remote sensing makes it possible to non-destructively monitor leaf chlorophyll content (LCC). This study characterized the geometric patterns of the first derivative reflectance spectra in the red edge region of... more
ABSTRACT Hyperspectral remote sensing makes it possible to non-destructively monitor leaf chlorophyll content (LCC). This study characterized the geometric patterns of the first derivative reflectance spectra in the red edge region of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops. The ratio of the red edge area less than 718 nm to the entire red edge area was negatively correlated with LCC. This finding allowed the construction of a new red edge parameter, defined as red edge symmetry (RES). Compared to the commonly used red edge parameters (red edge position, red edge amplitude, and red edge area), RES was a better predictor of LCC. Furthermore, RES was easily calculated using the reflectance of red edge boundary wavebands at 675 and 755 nm (R675 and R755) and reflectance of red edge center wavelength at 718 nm (R718), with the equation RES = (R718-R675)/(R755- R675). In addition, RES was simulated effectively with wide wavebands from the airborne hyperspectral sensor AVIRIS and satellite hyperspectral sensor Hyperion. The close relationships between the simulated RES and LCC indicated a high feasibility of estimating LCC with simulated RES from AVIRIS and Hyperion data. This made RES readily applicable to common airborne and satellite hyperspectral data derived from AVIRIS and Hyperion sources, as well as ground-based spectral reflectance data.
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... W. Adams, Agricultural Chemistry Department; Lonnie Allison, formerly Klamath Agricultural Experi-ment Station; Lester R. Vough, formerly Crop Science Department. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: The authors express their appreciation to Luther Fitch,... more
... W. Adams, Agricultural Chemistry Department; Lonnie Allison, formerly Klamath Agricultural Experi-ment Station; Lester R. Vough, formerly Crop Science Department. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: The authors express their appreciation to Luther Fitch, Rodney Todd, and Patricia ...
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ABSTRACT Continuous grain cropping in many areas of the world has reduced soil N levels to a degree such that agricultural production is now largely dependent upon nitrogen fertilizer. Through the identification of highly effective legume... more
ABSTRACT Continuous grain cropping in many areas of the world has reduced soil N levels to a degree such that agricultural production is now largely dependent upon nitrogen fertilizer. Through the identification of highly effective legume and Rhizobium strain combinations, however, increased production of protein‐rich livestock forage and green manure is possible. Three common Mediterranean legumes, Lupinus albus, Medicago truncatula, and Trifolium alexandrium were chosen to be tested for symbiotic N‐fixation ability with various available strains of Rhizobium. Greenhouse and growth chamber experiments were conducted for six weeks to evaluate shoot, root, and nodule dry weight, nodule number, nodule acetylene reduction activity, and total plant N. For L. albus, four single strains, 96A5, 96A19, 96B15, and 96B23, and one commercially available multiple strain ‘H’, produced acetylene reduction activity from 100 to 190 μmoles ethylene evolved/h/gdw of nodules. Since plant dry weights and total plant N values were comparable to the +N treatment, all five strains were recommended for further evaluation under field conditions. Of the four strains evaluated for M. truncatula, two strains (102D6 and 102B11), were recommended for further evaluation under field conditions. These strains produced acetylene reduction values from 940 to 1000 μmoles ethylene evolved/h/gdw of nodules (1.5–5.1 μmoles/h/plant) and plant dry weights and total plant N values higher than the other strains. For T. alexandrium, strains WCI‐1 and 162X95 produced acetylene reduction activity from 900 to 1000 μmoles ethylene evolved/h/gdw of nodules (1.9–11.4 μmoles/h/ plant). Plant dry weights were 50%, and total plant N 80%, of the +N treatment. Both strains were recommended for further evaluation under field conditions.
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Animal source foods (ASF) are essential for proper human development and function. Livestock in general, and ruminants in particular, are essential components of our sustainable global food systems. Of significant worldwide impact, diets... more
Animal source foods (ASF) are essential for proper human development and function. Livestock in general, and ruminants in particular, are essential components of our sustainable global food systems. Of significant worldwide impact, diets with higher-than-recommended levels of ASF can correct the symptoms of metabolic illnesses, offering hope in arresting the current worldwide epidemic of diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Most dietary policy and recommendations are based on the ill-founded belief that plant-based, high-carbohydrate diets are “healthy.” High-quality scientific evidence does not support the belief that vegetarian diets are healthier than omnivorous or animal-based diets. A Therapeutic Carbohydrate Reduction (TCR) lifestyle approach has demonstrated its efficacy in reversing Insulin Resistance (IR) and the non-communicable diseases associated with, or caused, by it. True sustainability is a multifaceted topic consisting of societal, economic, and ecological aspects...
Research Interests: Meat Science, Ruminant Nutrition, Obesity, Diabetes, Rangeland Management, and 15 moreRangeland Ecology, Animal Nutrition, Human Nutrition, Metabolic syndrome, Insulin Resistance, Malnutrition, Hyperinsulinemia, Chronic Disease, Beef Consumption, Plant sciences, Ketogenic Diets, Meat Production, Pasture, Forages, and metabolic health
ABSTRACT Describes the development and advantages of LEGUME ID, a multimedia module for agricultural education. LEGUME ID is an example of how teachers, given the opportunity through accessible computer software programs, can create... more
ABSTRACT Describes the development and advantages of LEGUME ID, a multimedia module for agricultural education. LEGUME ID is an example of how teachers, given the opportunity through accessible computer software programs, can create powerful teaching tools. Summarized is a student response to the use of this teacher-produced software program. (MCO)
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To demonstrate current electronic communication capabilities, an on-line demonstration of the Forage Information System (http://www.forages.css.orst.edu) is planned. This will include accessing various forage and grassland web sites and... more
To demonstrate current electronic communication capabilities, an on-line demonstration of the Forage Information System (http://www.forages.css.orst.edu) is planned. This will include accessing various forage and grassland web sites and exploring available information resources, thereby demonstrating existing global connectivity and cooperatively developed projects. What does the future hold for electronic communications? We've seen some of the tremendous progress that has been made over the course of the last 100 years. Even the changes of the last decade have been astounding. Since 1969 (the year of the manned moon landing), the number of networked servers has grown from 4 to 13 million! How can we even pretend to forecast the future of development? It's probably sheer folly.
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ABSTRACT
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Information contained within documents may be obsolete. Please check for recent information at the OSU Extension Service website: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/results.php?cat=Agriculture Master files scanned at 600 ppi (256... more
Information contained within documents may be obsolete. Please check for recent information at the OSU Extension Service website: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/results.php?cat=Agriculture Master files scanned at 600 ppi (256 Grayscale) using Capture Perfect 3.0 on a Canon DR-9080C in TIF format. PDF derivatives scanned at 300 ppi (Black and White) using Capture Perfect 3.0 and OmniPage Professional 15.0 for textual OCR on a Canon DR-9080C.
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Research Interests: Engineering and Forage
Alfalfa is capable of producing high yields of forage when grown on deep, well-drained soils. Good management practices are essential if optimum fertilizer responses are to be realized. These practices include use of recommended... more
Alfalfa is capable of producing high yields of forage when grown on deep, well-drained soils. Good management practices are essential if optimum fertilizer responses are to be realized. These practices include use of recommended varieties, selection of adapted soils, weed control, disease and insect control, good seedbed preparation, proper inoculation and seeding methods, and timely harvest. Alfalfa removes substantial amounts of mineral nutrients. Field experiments have shown that under different conditions in western Oregon, alfalfa has responded to phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, boron, and lime. The need for nutrients other than sulfur can be determined with a soil test. With borderline test values, retest every year. Follow recommended soil sampling procedures to estimate fertilizer needs. The Oregon State University Extension Service agent in your county can provide you with soil sampling instructions, soil sample bags, and information sheets. Revised March 1983. Reprinted Jan...
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Research Interests: Biology, Medicine, Gene transfer techniques, Explant Culture, Genotype, and 11 moreAgrobacterium, Culture Media, Callus, Lolium Perenne L., Genetic Markers, Biochemistry and cell biology, Perennial Plant, Tissue culture techniques, coculture techniques, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and selectable marker
Abstract Recommendations for the use of preplant N in alfalfa establishment are controversial. Growth chamber experiments were conducted to examine the effect of preplant N and soil temperature on yield and N accumulation of alfalfa... more
Abstract Recommendations for the use of preplant N in alfalfa establishment are controversial. Growth chamber experiments were conducted to examine the effect of preplant N and soil temperature on yield and N accumulation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Alfalfa was grown in river sand at three day/night soil temperatures (18/12°C, 24/16°C, and 27/21°C), and at five levels of preplant N (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 kg ha−1). At 18/12°C, 40 kg ha−1 preplant N resulted in a 69% increase in shoot dry matter yield. Dry matter and N accumulation rates were greatest at 40 and 80 kg ha−1. Preplant N effects on dry matter and N accumulation at 18/12°C were expressed primarily between the early bud and early flowering stages. Assessment of soil temperature and soil N availability is necessary to determine the potential for a yield response of alfalfa to preplant N.
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ABSTRACT Kinetic experiments were conducted to examine Mg [Mg] and K [Rb] absorption by 2‐week‐old tall fescue (Lolium multiflorum Lam. X Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) seedlings. Magnesium absorption was linear for 180 min and was... more
ABSTRACT Kinetic experiments were conducted to examine Mg [Mg] and K [Rb] absorption by 2‐week‐old tall fescue (Lolium multiflorum Lam. X Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) seedlings. Magnesium absorption was linear for 180 min and was approximately 3.5 ueq Mg g dry weighth from a 0.0625 mM Mg solution. Shoot accumulation of Mg was reduced by increased solution K. A curvilinear concentration absorption isotherm for roots was obtained for Mg. The resultant hyperbolic Hofstee plot could be separated into two linear components with Km values of 0.833 and 0.0117 mM, suggesting that two systems are operable in Mgabsorption. Increased solution pH increased Mg absorption both in the presence and absence of NH 4. At pH 6.5 NH 4 increased Mg absorption 75%; at pH 3.5 the increase was more than 6‐fold. Potassium absorption was linear through 60 min and was decreased by increased Mg levels. Shoot accumulation of [Rb] was decreased by the first increment of Mg, whereas further increases in Mg did not result in significant decreases. In the presence of NH 4, K absorption was significantly decreased in the alkaline range. In the absence of NH 4, much higher rates of Absorption were observed and less of a reduction was noted at the higher pH values.An important factor limiting the genetic capability of Mg accumulation in tall fescue is solution K concentration. These experiments suggest that future selection of improved tall fescue cultivars should be conducted in the presence of high solution K and with the selection criteria of ≥ 0.2 % tissue Mg.
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... David B. Hannaway, Lowall P. Bush, and J. Everett Leggett Department of Agronomy University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky 40546 ABSTRACT ... Data of Smith (21), and Leggett et al. (16) indicated that yield of Rhodes grass (Chloris... more
... David B. Hannaway, Lowall P. Bush, and J. Everett Leggett Department of Agronomy University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky 40546 ABSTRACT ... Data of Smith (21), and Leggett et al. (16) indicated that yield of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth) and tall fescue ...
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ABSTRACT Greenhouse experiments with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. ‘Apollo') were performed to evaluate the effect of varied nutrient solution concentrations of S on the yield, nodulation, dinitrogen fixation, N and S... more
ABSTRACT Greenhouse experiments with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. ‘Apollo') were performed to evaluate the effect of varied nutrient solution concentrations of S on the yield, nodulation, dinitrogen fixation, N and S concentration, and the partitioning of N and S into shoots and roots.
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In areas where ineffective nodulation may be a problem, ‘starter’ nitrogen fertilization is often suggested as a useful management tool to sustain ineffectively nodulated seedling alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) until an effective population... more
In areas where ineffective nodulation may be a problem, ‘starter’ nitrogen fertilization is often suggested as a useful management tool to sustain ineffectively nodulated seedling alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) until an effective population of Rhizobium can develop. Although ineffective nodulation has been reported from several locations around the world, there have been no studies examing this possibility. A field experiment was conducted during 1982 and 1983 on a Woodburn silt loam soil (Aquultic Argixeroll) which contained a symbiotically ineffective native population of Rhizobium meliloti Dang. This study examined the residual and interactive effects of preplant N fertilizer (0, 45, 90 kg N ha−1) and inoculation on the N nutrition and yield of seedling alfalfa during the first year of growth. The sustaining effects of the fertilizer N were transient and resulted in decreased N2 fixation until 35 days following harvest. It was concluded that during the establishment year, managerial emphasis should be placed on inoculation and not on N fertilization to obtain a consistent, economical source of N for herbage protein and dry matter production.
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Thrips tabaci damage can affect the anatomical features, photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence of Hypericum sampsonii. Anatomical observation found that T. tabaci damage changed the proportion of spongy tissue... more
Thrips tabaci damage can affect the anatomical features, photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence of Hypericum sampsonii. Anatomical observation found that T. tabaci damage changed the proportion of spongy tissue thickness to the whole leaf thickness. Net photosynthetic rate (PN) of slightly, partially and severely infested leaves decreased 16.49, 22.85 and 45.29%, respectively, compared to that of uninfected leaves. However, transpiration
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Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is native to western and central Europe, but has been grown in North America for more than 200 years. In the 1830s, settlers in western Virginia recognized the forage value of shade-tolerant D.... more
Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is native to western and central Europe, but has been grown in North America for more than 200 years. In the 1830s, settlers in western Virginia recognized the forage value of shade-tolerant D. glomerata plants growing in an orchard. Since then, ...