C. Jonker
Delft University of Technology, Interactive Intelligence, Faculty Member
Socially intelligent systems exhibit, understand, and reason about social behavior, in order to support people in their daily lives. We claim that a fundamental new approach based on social concepts is needed to build these socially... more
Socially intelligent systems exhibit, understand, and reason about social behavior, in order to support people in their daily lives. We claim that a fundamental new approach based on social concepts is needed to build these socially intelligent systems. In this paper, we explore how the concepts of social practices and social identities can be used to structure deliberations about actions. We then show the consequences for the architecture and reasoning capabilities of these systems.
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Research Interests: Information Systems, Engineering, Cognitive Science, Computer Science, Focus Groups, and 15 moreTechnology Acceptance, Negotiation, Scenario Based Product Design, Social Context, Focus Group, Non Functional Requirement, Data Collection, Negotiation support system, User Study, Social Acceptance, Technology Acceptance Model, Online survey, Social Network, Functional Requirements, and Negotiation Support Systems
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Abstract. Prominent agent-oriented software engineering methodologies such as Tropos support the engineer throughout most of the development process. Though in this method attention is paid to system stakeholders by explicitly modeling... more
Abstract. Prominent agent-oriented software engineering methodologies such as Tropos support the engineer throughout most of the development process. Though in this method attention is paid to system stakeholders by explicitly modeling them, potential harms and benefits of ...
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Proceedings of the Second International ISCRAM Conference (Eds. B. Carle and B. Van de Walle),Brussels, Belgium, April 2005 ... Formal Modelling and Comparing of Disaster Plans ... Mark Hoogendoorn1, Catholijn M. Jonker1,2, Viara Popova1,... more
Proceedings of the Second International ISCRAM Conference (Eds. B. Carle and B. Van de Walle),Brussels, Belgium, April 2005 ... Formal Modelling and Comparing of Disaster Plans ... Mark Hoogendoorn1, Catholijn M. Jonker1,2, Viara Popova1, Alexei Sharpanskykh1, and ...
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This article presents the language and software environment LEADSTO that has been developed to model and simulate dynamic processes in terms of both qualitative and quantitative concepts. The LEADSTO language is a declarative order-sorted... more
This article presents the language and software environment LEADSTO that has been developed to model and simulate dynamic processes in terms of both qualitative and quantitative concepts. The LEADSTO language is a declarative order-sorted temporal language, extended with quantitative notions like integer and real. Dynamic processes can be modelled in LEADSTO by specifying the direct temporal dependencies between state properties in successive states. Based on the LEADSTO language, a software environment was developed that performs simulations of LEADSTO specifications, generates data-files containing traces of simulation for further analysis, and constructs visual representations of traces. The approach proved its worth in a number of research projects in different domains.
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Research Interests: Information Systems, Computer Science, Economics, Negotiation, Applied Economics, and 12 moreManagement Development, Electronic Markets, Intelligent Agent, Multi Agent System, Agent Technology, Power Grid, Business Process, Emerging Technology, Load Balance, Dynamic Loading, Electronic Commerce, and Proof of Concept
There is a common belief that making systems more autonomous will improve the system and is therefore a desirable goal. Though small scale simple tasks can often benefit from automation, this does not necessarily generalize to more... more
There is a common belief that making systems more autonomous will improve the system and is therefore a desirable goal. Though small scale simple tasks can often benefit from automation, this does not necessarily generalize to more complex joint activity. When designing today’s more sophisticated systems to work closely with humans, it is important not only to consider the machine’s
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Abstract: The project CIM, started in 2003, addresses the problem of automated support for incident management. In this paper some intermediate results are shown, especially on automated support of analysis of errors in traces of incident... more
Abstract: The project CIM, started in 2003, addresses the problem of automated support for incident management. In this paper some intermediate results are shown, especially on automated support of analysis of errors in traces of incident management. For such traces it can be checked automatically which dynamic properties hold or fail. The potential of the approach is shown in the formal analysis of a given empirical trace. The approach can also be applied in conjunction with simulation experiments.
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A negotiation team is a set of agents with common and possibly also conflicting preferences that forms one of the parties of a negotiation. A negotiation team is involved in two decision making processes simultaneously, a negotiation with... more
A negotiation team is a set of agents with common and possibly also conflicting preferences that forms one of the parties of a negotiation. A negotiation team is involved in two decision making processes simultaneously, a negotiation with the opponents, and an intra-team process to decide on the moves to make in the negotiation. This article focuses on negotiation team decision making for circumstances that require unanimity of team decisions. Existing agent-based approaches only guarantee unanimity in teams negotiating in domains exclusively composed of predictable and compatible issues. This article presents a model for negotiation teams that guarantees unanimous team decisions in domains consisting of predictable and compatible, and also unpredictable issues. Moreover, the article explores the influence of using opponent, and team member models in the proposing strategies that team members use. Experimental results show that the team benefits if team members employ Bayesian learning to model their teammates' preferences.
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Negotiation support systems (NSS) can enhance humans' performance in negotiations. Much research in this area focuses on finding optimal bids. However, there is little research on human factors in technological negotiation support.... more
Negotiation support systems (NSS) can enhance humans' performance in negotiations. Much research in this area focuses on finding optimal bids. However, there is little research on human factors in technological negotiation support. We believe an in-depth analysis of the task involving experts and users is needed to build a new generation of NSS focusing on man-machine collaboration. We describe a scenario-based approach to gathering requirements for such a system. We wrote five scenarios containing part of the ...
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Agent-based computational economics studies the nature of economic processes by means of artificial agents that simulate human behavior. Human behavior is known to be scripted by cultural background. The processes of trade partner... more
Agent-based computational economics studies the nature of economic processes by means of artificial agents that simulate human behavior. Human behavior is known to be scripted by cultural background. The processes of trade partner selection and negotiation work out differently in different communities. Different communities have different norms regarding trust and opportunism. These differences are relevant for processes studied in economics, especially for international trade. This paper takes Hofstede’s model of national culture as a point of departure. It models the effects on trade processes of one of the five dimensions: power distance. It formulates rules for the behavior of artificial trading agents and presents a preliminary verification of the rules in a multi-agent simulation.
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This paper describes the analysis of an agent-based model’s sensitivity to changes in parameters that describe the agents’ cultural background, relational parameters, and parameters of the decision functions. As agent-based models may be... more
This paper describes the analysis of an agent-based model’s sensitivity to changes in parameters that describe the agents’ cultural background, relational parameters, and parameters of the decision functions. As agent-based models may be very sensitive to small changes in parameter values, it is of the essence to know for which changes the model is most sensitive. A long-standing metamodeling-based approach of sensitivity analysis is applied to the agent-based model. The analysis is differentiated for homogeneous and heterogeneous agent populations. Intrinsic stochastic effects of the agent-based model are taken into account. The paper describes how an appropriate regression model has been selected and analyses the parameter’s variance contributions in general and in specific cultural settings.
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Authors: Gert Jan Hofstede, Tim Verwaart, Catholijn Jonker
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Negotiations are known to proceed differently across cultures. A realistic agent model of international negotiations has to take cultural differences into account. This paper presents an agent-based model that tackles this challenge. The... more
Negotiations are known to proceed differently across cultures. A realistic agent model of international negotiations has to take cultural differences into account. This paper presents an agent-based model that tackles this challenge. The context is a trade game where commodities with a hidden quality attribute are exchanged. The negotiation model uses the ABMP negotiation architecture. It applies a utility function that includes market value, quality preference, and risk attitude. The indices of the five dimensions of Hofstede’s model of national cultures are used, in combination with agent’s group membership and societal status, to differentiate negotiation behavior by adaptation of weight factors in the utility function and ABMP parameters. The paper presents test runs with synthetic cultures and a set of actual national cultures. The present version of the model helps to understand behaviors in international trade networks. It proves that Hofstede’s dimensions can be used to generate culturally differentiated agents.
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Trust is a sine qua non for trade. According to transaction cost economics, a contract always offers some opportunity to defect. In the case of asymmetric product information, where the seller is better informed about product quality than... more
Trust is a sine qua non for trade. According to transaction cost economics, a contract always offers some opportunity to defect. In the case of asymmetric product information, where the seller is better informed about product quality than the buyer is, the buyer either has to rely on information provided by the seller or has to check the information by testing the product or tracing the supply chain processes, thus incurring extra transaction cost. An opportunistic seller who assumes the buyer to trust, may deliver a lower quality product than agreed upon. In human decisions to deceive and to show trust or distrust toward business partners, issues like morality, shame, self-esteem, and reputation are involved. These factors depend strongly on trader’s cultural background. This paper develops an agent model of deceit and trust and describes a multi-agent simulation where trading agents are differentiated according to Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture.
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Trust does not work in the same way across cultures. This paper presents an agent model of behavior in trade across Hofstedes cultural dimension of long-term vs. short-term orientation. The situation is based on a gaming simulation, the... more
Trust does not work in the same way across cultures. This paper presents an agent model of behavior in trade across Hofstedes cultural dimension of long-term vs. short-term orientation. The situation is based on a gaming simulation, the Trust and Tracing game. The paper investigates the micro-dynamics of trust in a trade relationship, focusing on one dimension of culture only. This is a deliberate simplification that is made in order to highlight the role of this particular dimension of culture. The dimension is relevant for trade between East Asia and the Western world. The paper discusses the cultural dimension of long-tern vs. short-term orientation and specifies decision rules for trading agents, differentiated across the dimension. The paper contributes to bridging the gap between macro level analysis of intercultural trade and micro level knowledge about culturally determined behaviour. To this end the agent model is implemented in a multi-agent simulation. Potential applications of the model are to be found primarily in research into the formation and performance of supply chains and networks, and secondarily in training, education, and advice systems. The implementation of the model has been verified to qualitatively represent the effects expected on the basis of Hofstedes theory.
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Misunderstandings arise in international trade due to difference in cultural background of trade partners. Trust and the role it plays in trade are influenced by culture. Considering that trade always involves working on the relationship... more
Misunderstandings arise in international trade due to difference in cultural background of trade partners. Trust and the role it plays in trade are influenced by culture. Considering that trade always involves working on the relationship with the trade partner, understanding the behaviour of the other is of the essence. This paper proposes to involve cultural dimensions in the modelling of trust in trade situations. A case study is presented to show a conceptualisation of trust with respect to the cultural dimension of performance orientation versus cooperation orientation.
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Agent-Based Modeling can contribute to the understanding of international trade processes. Models for the effects of culture and cultural differences on agent behavior are required for realistic agent-based simulation of international... more
Agent-Based Modeling can contribute to the understanding of international trade processes. Models for the effects of culture and cultural differences on agent behavior are required for realistic agent-based simulation of international trade. This paper makes a step toward modeling of culture in agents. The focus is one of the five dimensions of culture according to Hofstede: individualism versus collectivism. The paper presents an analysis based on social science literature about national cultures. For cultural differentiation of agent behavior, rules are formulated for individualist versus collectivist agent behavior with respect to negotiations, cooperation or defection in the delivery phase of transactions, trade partner selection, and trust. Example computations demonstrate the feasibility in multi-agent simulations.
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The criteria that traders use to select their trade partners differ across cultures. The rational criterion of expected profit of the next contract to be negotiated dominates the decision in individualistic, egalitarian, uncertainty... more
The criteria that traders use to select their trade partners differ across cultures. The rational criterion of expected profit of the next contract to be negotiated dominates the decision in individualistic, egalitarian, uncertainty tolerant cultures. In other cultures, criteria like personal relations, group membership, status difference and trust may strongly influence trade partner selection. There also exist differences in the level of information about potential partners that traders require before entering into business contacts. This paper models the role of culture at the level of individual agents, based on Hofstede’s five dimensions of culture. The model is applied in multi-agent simulations, that are designed as a research tool for supply chain research. The model is implemented as a random selection process, where potential partners have unequal probabilities of being selected. The factors influencing the probabilities are: expected profit and trust (learnt from previous contacts with potential partners or reputation), common group membership, societal status, and personal relations. Results are presented, that indicate that Hofstede’s model can be used to simulate the effect of culture on the formation and maintenance of business relationships.
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Compositional multi-agent system design is a methodological perspective on multi- agent system design based on the software engineering principles process and knowledge abstraction, compositionality, reuse, specification and verification.... more
Compositional multi-agent system design is a methodological perspective on multi- agent system design based on the software engineering principles process and knowledge abstraction, compositionality, reuse, specification and verification. This paper addresses these principles from a generic perspective in the context of the compositional development method DESIRE. An overview is given of reusable generic models (design patterns) for different types of