Carlos Heredia Chimeno

Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (cos. 78 B.C.) is deeply reviled in most of our literary evidences. Plutarch of Chaeronea stands out, emphasizing the negative traits, direct inheritance of the Sullan tradition. This article seeks to analyze his version in this regard, in order to reflect on the existing decline in his interpretation.

The evidence of the Rhetorica ad Herennium, whose authorship is unknown, offers relevant information regarding the political dynamic of Lucius Appuleius Saturninus, especially in its passage I.21. As it is well known, the information in relation to these historical figures is often directed towards partiality. Indeed, most of the preserved primary sources interpret the context through the use of negativized narratives. However, from the mentioned passage, it seems to show a different perspective. This article aims to analyze it from a micro-level approach, so as to continue clarifying the study of the period, showing a Republican system in which there was a preponderance of the potestas tribunicia over the senatus auctoritas.

On résume la personnalité de Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus (cos. 59 av.J.-C) au consulat qu'il partagea avec César. On met sur le compte de son inimicitia envers son collègue et de ses positions politiques seraient l'abandon de ses fonctions consulaires. Les fondements institutionnels de cet épisode, dans le cadre du soi-disant «premier Triumvirat» sont très mal explicités par les sources classiques. Celles-ci conditionnées par le biais de la décadence et d'une vision partielle de la carrière politique de Bibulus insistent sur les aspects transgressifs du système triumviral. Cet article se propose de reprendre l'analyse de son action à partir des sources littéraires pour développer une réflexion sur la nature et les principes institutionnels de cette période. On se demandera aussi si l'action de Bibulus pouvait être vue comme une tentative réactionnaire, pour retrouver un état antérieur de la Res publica, ou s'il fallait la voir comme une configuration politique alternative, qui prenait en compte les nouvelles réalités de son époque.

Abstract.-The figure of Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus (cos. 59 BC) is known to share the consulate with C. Iulius Caesar (cos. I. 59 BC), whose inimicitia and action would lead him to abandon his consular functions. The constitutional pillars of this moment, in the framework of the so-called «First Triumvirate», are criticized by our literary sources, which enhance its transgressive nature under the use of decline-narratives or biased perspectives. This paper seeks to analyze Bibulus' consular activity through our evidence, in order to develop a reflection on the nature of the constitutional principles of this period. Also, it aims to answer if Bibulus' action can be observed as a reactionary practice to recover the previous Res Publica, or if this activity should be analyzed as an alternative political configuration, reflecting the new times. Mots-clés.-Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, mos maiorum, transgression, le discours de la décadence, «premier Triumvirat».

After his victory in the civil war, and with the application of considerable violence and coercion, Lucius Cornelius Sulla built a new Republican system. It is well-known, however, that he then promptly retired from government, and died shortly thereafter. Marcus Aemilius Lepidus attempted to make use of these exceptional circumstances in an effort to remove the new regime, but his figure and actions are generally held in undeservedly low esteem by the majority of our sources. Indeed, this historical context is explained on the basis of a period of protracted stasis, taking place at a critical moment of the Sullan regime. This paper seeks to analyze the views held by our ancient sources concerning the figure and actions of Lepidus, with a particular focus on recurring elements in their accounts concerning concord, and its relation to transgressions and instability observed in the system of that time.

The Cinnanum Tempus (87-84 B.C.) and the regime behind it (87-81 B.C.) are part of an atypical period, known thanks to our textual evidences, such as Appian of Alexandria’s
relate, one of the most significant. This article seeks to reflect on his interpretation, defending the hypothesis that he collects a hostile vision regarding the system, of which he detects a strong transgression, perpetuating a decline-narrative and considering Sulla’s attack an under-standable step to achieve the end of the στάσις.
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Lucius Calpurnius Piso's proconsulate in Macedonia (57-55 BCE) is well known to be part of the view of Cicero. This paper seeks to find out if the action of Piso reflects the triumviral power, within the framework of a mos maiorum of a new regime, in order to illuminate the decline narrative and the distorted perspective used by Cicero.

In 88 B.C., the legislation of Publius Sulpicius Rufus marked the beginning of an unprecedented period of transition. Plutarch of Chaeronea collects two passages (Mar. 35; Sull. 8) in which his followers are defined by the term of "antisenate" (ἀντισύγκλητος). This article seeks to investigate the truth of his statement, showing whether or not it is part of a decline narrative, used by the biographer to analyze a key moment as far as the transgression is concerned.

O regime de Lúcio Cornélio Sula (cos. 88, 80 a.C.) envolve a construção de um novo mos maiorum, o resultado final de toda a dinâmica belicosa após o Bellum Sociale (91-87 a.C.). Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre o caráter do novum mos silano, contrastando-o com o mos maiorum da primeira década do primeiro século aC.após o Bellum Sociale (91-87 a.C.). Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre o caráter do novum mos silano, contrastando-o com o mos maiorum da primeira década do primeiro século aC.

The Cinnanum Tempus (86-84 B.C.) is the first period of certain normalization after the dynamics of civil wars that emerged after the Social War (91-87 B.C.). This article seeks to analyze this time to observe the transgression and consolidation of a new mos maiorum or of renewed constitutional pillars, creating a new view of this crucial historical moment.

Reflexiones sobre el acercamiento historiográfico al Bellum Sociale (91‐87 a.C.).

Abstract: The analysis of the Social War (91-87 BC), an atypical conflict that involved the uprising of various Italic communities (socii) against Rome, hides more than two centuries of historiographic studies. However, we argue that the approaches used, which have focused on organizational changes or specific aspects, must be accompanied by studies that support its transcendence, capable of promoting the transgression of the Republican system. In this sense, we argued that the Social War was a civil war, breaking with unmovable postulates, which have differentiated in a sharp way the Italic element from the Roman one. With these reflections we intent to begin to manifest the troubles that underlie the character of the Social War, and, on the other hand, we want to show the evolution of its historiographic studies to our days.

The Social War (91-87 BCE) is the prelude to the civil wars process that defines the first century BCE. However, its nature remains controversial, an inheritance of the same Antiquity, and it is difficult to discern whether or not it is in fact a civil war, since the affected contingents are Italics and do not have Roman citizenship (ciuitas). This article seeks to shape the debate so as to permit more detailed studies.

El impacto de la Guerra Social en el bienio 88-87 a.C.: miedo y violencia como motores de transgresión. La sublevación de aliados itálicos (socii) contra Roma, en la denominada Guerra Social (91-87 a.C.), supone un punto de inflexión en el sistema republicano, puesto que implica el inicio de la idea de guerra civil. Ello parece suponer un cambio en el modelo ideológico, capaz de superar las normas sistémicas consuetudinarias (mos maiorum). En esta línea, parece observarse una auténtica nueva cultura del trauma, condicionante no solo de transgresión, sino también del conformismo de la sociedad en su conjunto.

Notas sobre el comportamiento militar en la Guerra Social. This article aims to analyse the attitudes and the military behaviour that both Italic and Roman people showed throughout the Social War, an incident that is just the final straw of the complex situation of the «Italic Matter» in which Rome knew not how, or did not want to, share its benefits with the resourceful ally instrument. Thus, we get use of the military field and, more specifically, of the attitudes, positions and behaviours, to elicit the global structure of the society behind it.

This work deals about the figure of the “informer slave” in the 80s BC, marked by the Social War (91-88 BC) and the First Civil War (87-81 BC), as well as about the mechanisms of protection of the slave system, even in a context of strong and systemic change

Problemáticas metodológicas en el análisis del miedo y la violencia a partir del Bellum Sociale (91-87 a.C.).

Chapter published in BAR S2775 II Jornadas Predoctorales en Estudios de la Antigüedad y de la Edad Media. Κτῆμα ἐς αἰεὶ: el texto como herramienta común para estudiar el pasado, Edited by N. Olaya Montero, M. Montoza Coca, A. Aguilera Felipe and R. Gómez Guiu. British Archaeological Reports Ltd; 9781407314556; £39; 2015.Order Online: www.barpublishing.com

El presente dossier es el primero que, en el marco de la RUHM, focaliza su atención en la Antigüedad, una larga y compleja etapa de la Historia en la que la guerra fue un fenómeno permanente y cotidiano que mediatizó la vida de las personas. De ahí la gran importancia del estudio de la guerra para una plena comprensión de las sociedades que se
desarrollaron en tiempos antiguos. La temática concreta del presente dossier no es baladí, pues a través de los trabajos reunidos, un total de cuatro, se pretende abordar el fenómeno de la guerra desde su “irregularidad”, considerando algunos de sus aspectos más excepcionales y heterodoxos, que divergen de las normas habituales. En realidad, dicha “irregularidad” manifiesta contextos históricos complejos, algo inherente al comportamiento de toda sociedad humana.