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  • I am a professor of Anthropology History and Near Eastern Languages and Cultures at UCLA where I serve as the Maurice... moreedit
Avant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la montée du fascisme et de l’antisémitisme en Europe préfigurait la campagne génocidaire d’Hitler contre les Juifs. Mais après le déclenchement de la guerre, les horreurs du conflit ne se sont pas... more
Avant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la montée du fascisme et de l’antisémitisme en Europe préfigurait la campagne génocidaire d’Hitler contre les Juifs. Mais après le déclenchement de la guerre, les horreurs du conflit ne se sont pas limitées aux camps de concentration d’Europe et se sont prolongées jusqu’aux colonies françaises d’Afrique du Nord. Les autorités françaises de Vichy ont en effet ouvert au Maroc et en Algérie des camps de travaux forcés où des milliers de Juifs d’Europe, des Républicains espagnols, voire des nationalistes maghrébins ont été internés. Tous ces «indésirables» ont été confrontés à des violences brutales et ont lutté pour survivre dans un environnement impitoyable tout à fait différent de l’Europe. Dans ce roman graphique riche en histoire, l’historien-anthropologue Aomar Boum et le dessinateur Nadjib Berber nous emmènent à la découverte de cette face méconnue de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. Grâce au trait de plume fin de l’un et aux archives historiques patiemment rassemblées par l’autre, Aomar Boum et Nadjib Berber retracent au plus près les expériences de milliers de réfugiés à travers le personnage fictif de Hans, confronté comme ses codétenus à la barbarie nazie et à l’impitoyable complicité de Vichy.

Cet ouvrage a été initialement publié en langue anglaise en janvier 2023 par la Stanford University Press.
This book, the first-ever collection of primary documents on North African history and the Holocaust, gives voice to the diversity of those involved—Muslims, Christians, and Jews; women, men, and children; black, brown, and white; the... more
This book, the first-ever collection of primary documents on North African history and the Holocaust, gives voice to the diversity of those involved—Muslims, Christians, and Jews; women, men, and children; black, brown, and white; the unknown and the notable; locals, refugees, the displaced, and the interned; soldiers, officers, bureaucrats, volunteer fighters, and the forcibly recruited. At times their calls are lofty, full of spiritual lamentation and political outrage. At others, they are humble, yearning for medicine, a cigarette, or a pair of shoes.

Translated from French, Arabic, North African Judeo-Arabic, Spanish, Hebrew, Moroccan Darija, Tamazight (Berber), Italian, and Yiddish, or transcribed from their original English, these writings shed light on how war, occupation, race laws, internment, and Vichy French, Italian fascist, and German Nazi rule were experienced day by day across North Africa. Though some selections are drawn from published books, including memoirs, diaries, and collections of poetry, most have never been published before, nor previously translated into English. These human experiences, combined, make up the history of wartime North Africa.
This book, the first-ever collection of primary documents on North African history and the Holocaust, gives voice to the diversity of those involved—Muslims, Christians, and Jews; women, men, and children; black, brown, and white; the... more
This book, the first-ever collection of primary documents on North African history and the Holocaust, gives voice to the diversity of those involved—Muslims, Christians, and Jews; women, men, and children; black, brown, and white; the unknown and the notable; locals, refugees, the displaced, and the interned; soldiers, officers, bureaucrats, volunteer fighters, and the forcibly recruited. At times their calls are lofty, full of spiritual lamentation and political outrage. At others, they are humble, yearning for medicine, a cigarette, or a pair of shoes.

Translated from French, Arabic, North African Judeo-Arabic, Spanish, Hebrew, Moroccan Darija, Tamazight (Berber), Italian, and Yiddish, or transcribed from their original English, these writings shed light on how war, occupation, race laws, internment, and Vichy French, Italian fascist, and German Nazi rule were experienced day by day across North Africa. Though some selections are drawn from published books, including memoirs, diaries, and collections of poetry, most have never been published before, nor previously translated into English. These human experiences, combined, make up the history of wartime North Africa.
In this gripping graphic novel, a Jewish journalist encounters an extension of the horrors of the Holocaust in North Africa. In the lead-up to World War II, the rising tide of fascism and antisemitism in Europe foreshadowed Hitler's... more
In this gripping graphic novel, a Jewish journalist encounters an extension of the horrors of the Holocaust in North Africa.

In the lead-up to World War II, the rising tide of fascism and antisemitism in Europe foreshadowed Hitler's genocidal campaign against Jews. But the horrors of the Holocaust were not limited to the concentration camps of Europe: antisemitic terror spread through Vichy French imperial channels to France's colonies in North Africa, where in the forced labor camps of Algeria and Morocco, Jews and other "undesirables" faced brutal conditions and struggled to survive in an unforgiving landscape quite unlike Europe. In this richly historical graphic novel, historian Aomar Boum and illustrator Nadjib Berber take us inside this lesser-known side of the traumas wrought by the Holocaust by following one man's journey as a Holocaust refugee.

Hans Frank is a Jewish journalist covering politics in Berlin, who grows increasingly uneasy as he witnesses the Nazi Party consolidate power and decides to flee Germany. Through connections with a transnational network of activists organizing against fascism and anti-Semitism, Hans ultimately lands in French Algeria, where days after his arrival, the Vichy regime designates all foreign Jews as "undesirables" and calls for their internment. On his way to Morocco, he is detained by Vichy authorities and interned first at Le Vernet, then later transported to different camps in the deserts of Morocco and Algeria. With memories of his former life as a political journalist receding like a dream, Hans spends the next year and a half in forced labor camps, hearing the stories of others whose lives have been upended by violence and war.

Through bold, historically inflected illustrations that convey the tension of the coming war and the grimness of the Vichy camps, Aomar Boum and Nadjib Berber capture the experiences of thousands of refugees through the fictional Hans, chronicling how the traumas of the Holocaust extended far beyond the borders of Europe.
Hespéris-Tamuda هسبريس-تمودا
Special Issue
Vol. L-I-Facsicule II-III, 2016
This monumental seven-volume encyclopedia, prepared by the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, examines the universe of camps and ghettos)―more than 40,000... more
This monumental seven-volume encyclopedia, prepared by the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, examines the universe of camps and ghettos)―more than 40,000 in all―that the Nazis and their allies operated, from Norway to North Africa and from France to Russia. Document available for download is the African continent introduction for Vol. III authored by Cristina Bejan and Aomar Boum.

Volume III describes sites under the control of states that aligned themselves with Nazi Germany, as allies, satellite countries, or independent collaborationist regimes. For a variety of reasons, France, Italy, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, and other such states each undertook the persecution, and often the murder, of people it considered undesirable or threatening. Such target groups included Jews, who were often killed directly or handed over to the Germans. Other victims spanned any number of ethnic or national groups, or political or military opponents. Each state created its own unique mix of detention sites under a variety of agencies, but all with goals that mirrored those of Nazi Germany. From the far north of Finland to France’s west African colonies, this network of sites did its work with little or no input from the Germans. This volume, with its descriptions of the individual sites and broad introductions to the regimes that governed them, adds to our understanding of a system that was truly European in scale, and not solely a German undertaking.

Cristina Bejan coauthored the African Continent Introduction with Aomar Boum and wrote 64 articles on camps in Africa and Europe. The sites she documented include: “Ain Guenfounda,” “Ain Sefra,” “Akbou,” “Balasagyarmat,” “Beaune-la-Rolande,” Beaune-la-Rolande”(CSS), “Bekescsaba,” “Ben-Chicao,” “Bou Azzer,” “Boulhaut,” “Carnot,” “Chateau du Sablou,” “Chateau-le-Roc,” “Cherchel,” “Conakry,” “Constantine,” “Craiova,” “Crampel,” “Dakar-Bango,” “Djebel-Felten,” “El-Karit,” “El-Arisha,” “El-Guerrah,” “Fort-Barraux,” “Fort Carafelli,” “GT-14539,” “Hadjerat M’Guil,” “Kankan,” “Kasba-Tadla,” “Kenadsa,” “Kersas,” “Keszethely,” “Khenchela,” “Kindia,” “Kisvarda,” “La Marne,” “La Meyze,” “Le Kef,” “Magenta,” “Maroszvasarhely,” “Marrakech,” “Montmelian,” “Nagysurany,” “Oued-Djerch,” “Oued-Zenati-Bone,” “Quargla,” “Paks,” “Papa,” “Reillanne,” “Relizane,” “Sepsiszentgyorgy,” “Sereilhac,” “Sighet,” “Sisteron,” “Skrirat,” “Szaszregen,” “Szatmarnemeti,” “Szeged,” “Tamanar.” “Tecuci,” “Telergma,” “Tendrara,” “Villemur-sur-Tarn,” and “Zalaegerszeg.”
A historical reference work on Morocco must take as its subject al-maghrib al-aqsa (the far west) as the Arabic scholars have generally referred to the approximate region of present-day Morocco, roughly the north-west corner of Africa but... more
A historical reference work on Morocco must take as its subject al-maghrib al-aqsa (the far west) as the Arabic scholars have generally referred to the approximate region of present-day Morocco, roughly the north-west corner of Africa but at times including much of the Iberian peninsula, because the modern nation-state is a relatively recent creation owing much to events in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. External influences on Morocco tend to come across the narrow straits of Gibraltar to the north, from the east along the Mediterranean litoral, or up from the Sahara. In each case, access is constrained by geography and continued control from outside the region has been difficult to manage over the long term. Although many of the dynasties that came to power in Morocco conquered much broader regions, history and topology have so conspired that there is still more coherence to an historical focus on al-maghrib al-aqsa than is the case for most modern nation-states.

This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Morocco contains a chronology, an introduction, a glossary, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 600 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Morocco.
Edited by Josef Meri The Routledge Handbook of Muslim-Jewish Relations invites readers to deepen their understanding of the historical, social, cultural, and political themes that impact modern-day perceptions of interfaith dialogue. The... more
Edited by Josef Meri

The Routledge Handbook of Muslim-Jewish Relations invites readers to deepen their understanding of the historical, social, cultural, and political themes that impact modern-day perceptions of interfaith dialogue. The volume is designed to illuminate positive encounters between Muslims and Jews as well as points of conflict within a historical framework. Among other goals, the volume seeks to correct common misperceptions about the history of Muslim-Jewish relations by complicating familiar political narratives to include dynamics such as the cross-influence of literary and intellectual traditions. Reflecting unique and original collaborations between internationally renowned contributors, the book is intended to spark further collaborative and constructive conversation and scholarship in the academy and beyond.
Translation of Memories of Absence: How Muslims Remember Jews in Morocco. ترجمة خالد بن الصغير. Winner of جائزة المغرب للكتاب ٢٠١٦ . Winner of Moroccan National Book Award 2016- Translation.
An introduction to the history of the Middle East from the beginnings of Islam to the present day.
The Kingdom of Morocco achieved its independence in 1956 after over 40 years as a French protectorate. Since its independence, it has further expanded its area of control by reclaiming the formerly international city of Tangier as well as... more
The Kingdom of Morocco achieved its independence in 1956 after over 40 years as a French protectorate. Since its independence, it has further expanded its area of control by reclaiming the formerly international city of Tangier as well as annexing Western Sahara from Spain in the 1970s. In 1777, Morocco became the first nation to recognize the United States, and the Moroccan-American Treaty of Friendship of 1783 is the oldest unbroken friendship treaty with the U.S.

Morocco of the past and present are covered in this second edition of the Historical Dictionary of Morocco. A comprehensive introduction, focusing on its history, provides a helpful synopsis of the kingdom, and is supplemented with a useful chronology of major events. Hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on former rulers, current leaders, ancient capitals, significant locations, influential institutions, and crucial aspects of the economy, society, culture and religion form the core of the book. A bibliography of sources is included to promote further more specialized study.
The article emphasizes the significant role played by colonial-era Berber dictionaries in shaping perceptions of Amazigh ethnicity and tribal genealogies. These dictionaries meticulously defined and categorized tribal groups through... more
The article emphasizes the significant role played by colonial-era Berber dictionaries in shaping perceptions of Amazigh ethnicity and tribal genealogies. These dictionaries meticulously defined and categorized tribal groups through linguistic boundaries, grammar, vocabulary, transcription, and lexicology. As a result, they facilitated the mapping of tribal territories and the delineation of Amazigh communities. Drawing inspiration from Edmund Burke’s concept of the Moroccan Vulgate, the paper argues that, contrary to fostering a unified Amazigh identity, these dictionaries inadvertently heightened Berber divisions. Missionaries, military officers, and universities employed these categorizations to advance the objectives of colonial administration, aligning with policies that supported specific chieftains and tribal territories based on the lexicons they constructed.
This article examines the literary and spiritual initiatives undertaken by Henri Bosco and his collaborators, notably Captain Léopold Justinard, in interwar colonial Morocco. Focusing on the Revue Aguedal, inaugurated by Bosco in Rabat in... more
This article examines the literary and spiritual initiatives undertaken by Henri Bosco and his collaborators, notably Captain Léopold Justinard, in interwar colonial Morocco. Focusing on the Revue Aguedal, inaugurated by Bosco in Rabat in 1935, I highlight the revue’s primary role as a cultural conduit between French and indigenous Amazigh and Arab intellectuals. Bosco’s concept of a “poetic church,” championed by contributors such as René Guénon and Ahmed Sefriou, sought to document, safeguard, and translate Amazigh and North African literature. Although the Aguedal literary project experienced interruptions during World War II, it accentuated indigenous perspectives through sections like “Propos du Chleuh,” overseen by Justinard. I also underscore Bosco’s simultaneous advocacy for French culture, challenging stereotypical colonial narratives while amplifying Amazigh voices within them. Despite financial challenges leading to the revue’s demise after the war, the literary circle fostered enduring literary relationships and left an indelible mark on the nexus of colonial scholarship, literature, and spirituality.
Research Interests:
Work theorizing youth subcultures, especially of the spectacular kind, has provided an influential approach for understanding the lives of young people for the past 40 years in anthropology and sociology. In this review, we frame current... more
Work theorizing youth subcultures, especially of the spectacular kind, has provided an influential approach for understanding the lives of young people for the past 40 years in anthropology and sociology. In this review, we frame current literature through a lens we call " breached initiations. " We motivate our organization of the literature into processes we term " delaying, " " hopscotching, " and " opting out, " referring to ways in which youth engage sociopolitical resources and chronotopes to alter the sequencing and clustering of their expected progress through milestones of adulthood. In many cases, youth delay or refuse entry into a world that is considered " normal " and demand a reconsideration of its very premises. We highlight symbolic, material, and networked resources; by considering the commonalities in the structural situations of different youth groups, we do not view them as islands , but instead assert their embeddedness in common change.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This article is based on an ethnographic study I conducted in southern Morocco during 2004. I explore the historical, ideological, and cultural background behind educational specialization among Moroccan university students. I describe... more
This article is based on an ethnographic study I conducted in southern Morocco during 2004. I explore the historical, ideological, and cultural background behind educational specialization among Moroccan university students. I describe how French colonial educational policies and postindependence Moroccan national schooling ideologies have created a national system of double standards that: (1) privileges French-educated urban middle- and upper-class students, (2) emphasizes the Arabization of the national education system, and (3) discriminates against Arabized, largely rural students, which have exacerbated regional educational and socioeconomic inequalities. I finally contend that educational specialization in noncompetitive degrees such as Arabic language and literature, Islamic studies, geography, and general law is the result of an ideological matrix I have termed political coherence of educational incoherence. Political coherence of educational incoherence naturalizes the reliance of certain disfranchised regional groups on a traditional preschool Islamic education that is largely based on memorization and inefficient pedagogy and is unsuitable for the modern educational requirements. [Islamic education, school ethnography, Arabization, school failure, minority education]

And 4 more

World War II and the Middle East: A Symposium Marking the 80th Anniversary of the Outbreak of WWII. Penn State University 9-10
The Shaol & Louis Pozez Memorial Lectureship.  The Arizona Center for Judaic Studies, March 11, Tucson, Arizona
The Jewish Americas: Border Borders. Latin American Jewish Studies Association. University of California, Los Angeles, June 3-4
Middle Eastern Millennials through Literature, Culture, and Media. Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson, August 4
Yale Program for the Study of Antisemitism, Yale University, 12, Septembe
Middle Eastern Millennials through Literature, Culture, and Media. Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson, August 8
Tolerance in Mediterranean Societies: History, Ideas and Institutions. King Abdul-Aziz Foundation for Islamic Studies and Human Sciences. Casablanca, 11-13 July
Uncommon Commonalities: Jews and Muslims of Morocco. Center for Jewish History, June 17-19, New York [with Daniel Schroeter]
Uncommon Commonalities: Jews and Muslims of Morocco. Center for Jewish History, June 17-19, New York
Colloque International dédié à Haïm Zafrani, Académie du Royaume du Maroc, June 12-13, Rabat, Morocco
A Conversation at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum [With Sarah A. Stein]. May 21, Washington DC
Anthropology Colloquium in Collaboration with the Center for Ethnography. Department of Anthropology, University of California, Irvine. May 2
UCLA Information Studies Colloquia, Los Angeles, April 11
Culture Power and Social Change, Department of Anthropology, UCLA, April 4
Jews and Judaism in Moroccan Society: History in the Present. Tangier American Legation. Institute for Moroccan Studies. April 2, Tangier, Morocco
Middle East and North Africa Studies Centre. Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada. April 2
Sephardic Kehila Centre, Thornhill, ON, Canada, April 1
Jewish Africa Conference: Past, Present and Future, New York, American Sephardic Federation, January 27-29
Maurice Amado Seminar in Sephardic Studies. Alan D. Leve Center for Jewish Studies, UCLA. January 15
Illinois Holocaust Museum and Education Center. December 13, Chicago.
Book Talk. Alan D. Leve Center for Jewish Studies, UCLA. November 27
Latin America as a Horizon of thought. 45th Session of the Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco. April 24-26, Rabat
Tuesday Club Series, Em Habanim Sephardic Congregation. April 17, Valley Village, Los Angeles
Theory and Forgetting: The Jewish Question Again. A Symposium. Cornell Jewish Studies and Society for the Humanities, Cornell University. March 18, Ithaca
Department of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures.  Cornell University. March 19, Ithaca
Conference on Colonial Morocco Revisited. Centre Jacques Berque, Rabat (Morocco), July 11-13. [with Daniel Schroeter]
Morocco Image: Then and Now. Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Lund University, Sweden. Marrakesh, Morocco June 30-July 2
Connected Pasts and Futures: Jews and Muslims of Europe. The London School of Economics and Political Science, London, England, 8-9 June
St. Antony’s College Middle East Center, University of Oxford, June 6
History and Society on Television in the Middle East, University of Maryland College Park.
The Joseph and Alma Gildenhorn Institute for Israel Studies, University of Maryland College Park.
The Jewish Federation of Omaha, Nebraska.
60th Annual Missouri Valley History Conference. University of Nebraska, Omaha. Keynote Lecture.
Department of Anthropology, UCLA, Culture, Power, Social Change (CPSC) Series, African Studies Center, Center for Near Eastern Studies.
Workshop: Minorities in the Islamic World. Stockholm University, Sweden
Workshop: Minorities in the Islamic World. Stockholm University, Sweden.
Balancing Unity and Diversity: Israel Changing Society and Politics, University of Arizona Tucson
Middle East Studies Association, Boston
Casablanca, Morocco.
Center for Jewish Studies, California State University, Long Beach
University of California, San Diego
Working Group in Jews in the Maghrib and Middle East. University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Conference on: Boundaries and Transgressions: a conference on Transnational Jewish-Muslim Relations. University of Florida, Gainsville
Conference on Abrahamic Religions: Challenges and Cooperation in the Age of Extremism. Manhattan College, New York.
Jewish Studies Sitomer Annual Lecture. Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York.
Roundtable with André Levy and Yael Zerubavel.

And 44 more

And 4 more

Research Interests:
Research Interests:
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In this historically and anthropologically oriented article, we situate the recent wave of Jewish-themed Moroccan films within the context of the liberalizing transformations and associated nationalist narratives promoted by the current... more
In this historically and anthropologically oriented article, we situate the recent wave of Jewish-themed Moroccan films within the context of the liberalizing transformations and associated nationalist narratives promoted by the current Moroccan regime. Reflecting Mohammed VI's commitment to widening the space of civil society, the task of enacting these transformations and producing these narratives devolves increasingly to nonstate agents in the public sphere. Previously monopolized and managed more comprehensively by the state, the “Jewish Question”—that is, contestations over representations of Jews as authentic members of the Moroccan body politic—is now taken up in a range of public media less subject to direct government control. We demonstrate that the role of cinema in this process reflects the shifting relationship between state and civil society in the late postcolonial period. More specifically, we argue that the production, circulation, and reception of Jewish-theme...
... At this point there seems to be too much of an analogy being made between Marinid Morocco and the contemporary world with Hamza Yusuf as a latter-day Zarruq up against contemporary Islamic extremism. ... Editor. Dr Farhan Ahmad... more
... At this point there seems to be too much of an analogy being made between Marinid Morocco and the contemporary world with Hamza Yusuf as a latter-day Zarruq up against contemporary Islamic extremism. ... Editor. Dr Farhan Ahmad Nizami. View full editorial board. For Authors ...
The Culture of Islam: Changing Aspects of Contemporary Muslim Life explores the shifting social, political, and cultural concepts of a contemporary North African Muslim community, extrapolating it to the rest of the Arab/Islamic world.... more
The Culture of Islam: Changing Aspects of Contemporary Muslim Life explores the shifting social, political, and cultural concepts of a contemporary North African Muslim community, extrapolating it to the rest of the Arab/Islamic world. Rosen uses for the most part his ...
Work theorizing youth subcultures, especially of the spectacular kind, has been an influential approach for understanding the lives of young people for the last forty years in anthropology and sociology. In this review we frame current... more
Work theorizing youth subcultures, especially of the spectacular kind, has been an influential approach for understanding the lives of young people for the last forty years in anthropology and sociology. In this review we frame current literature through a lens we call Breached Initiations. We motivate our organization of the literature into processes we term Delaying, Hopscotching, and Opting Out, referring to ways in which youth engage sociopolitical resources and chronotopes to alter the sequencing and clustering of their expected progress through milestones of adulthood. In many cases, youth delay or refuse entry into a world that is considered “normal” and demand a reconsideration of its very premises. We highlight symbolic, material and networked resources; by considering the commonalities in the structural situations of different youth groups, we view them not as islands but assert their embeddedness in common change.
Work theorizing youth subcultures, especially of the spectacular kind, has been an influential approach for understanding the lives of young people for the last forty years in anthropology and sociology. In this review we frame current... more
Work theorizing youth subcultures, especially of the spectacular kind, has been an influential approach for understanding the lives of young people for the last forty years in anthropology and sociology. In this review we frame current literature through a lens we call Breached Initiations. We motivate our organization of the literature into processes we term Delaying, Hopscotching, and Opting Out, referring to ways in which youth engage sociopolitical resources and chronotopes to alter the sequencing and clustering of their expected progress through milestones of adulthood. In many cases, youth delay or refuse entry into a world that is considered “normal” and demand a reconsideration of its very premises. We highlight symbolic, material and networked resources; by considering the commonalities in the structural situations of different youth groups, we view them not as islands but assert their embeddedness in common change.
Research Interests:
Social Currents in North Africa is a multi-disciplinary analysis of the social phenomena unfolding in the Maghreb today. The contributors analyse the genealogies of contemporary North African behavioral and ideological norms, and offer... more
Social Currents in North Africa is a multi-disciplinary analysis of the social phenomena unfolding in the Maghreb today. The contributors analyse the genealogies of contemporary North African behavioral and ideological norms, and offer insights into post-Arab Spring governance and today’s social and political trends. The book situates regional developments within broader international currents, without forgoing the distinct features of each socio-historical context. With its common historical, cultural, and socio-economic foundations, the Maghreb is a cohesive area of study that allows for greater understanding of domestic developments from both single-country and comparative perspectives. This volume refines the geo-historical unity of the Maghreb by accounting for social connections, both within the nation-state and across political boundaries and historical eras. It illustrates that non-institutional phenomena are equally formative to the ongoing project of post-colonial sovereignty, to social construction and deployments of state power, and to local outlooks on social equity, economic prospects, and cultural identity.