history of the WWII

Η συμβολή της Ελληνικής Χωροφυλακής στο αθάνατο έπος του 1940 υπήρξε αναμφισβήτητα σημαντική, αλλά παραμένει ακόμα ανεκτίμητη και σχετικά άγνωστη, καθώς επισκιάζεται από την ηρωική δράση των στρατιωτικών μονάδων. Το αστυνομικό σώμα είχε ενεργό συμμετοχή στις πολεμικές επιχειρήσεις από τις πρώτες στιγμές της άνανδρης ιταλικής εισβολής, συνεισφέροντας στην αναχαίτιση του εχθρού. Το δε έργο του ήταν πολυδιάστατο, καθώς έλαβε μέρος στην προπαρασκευή της εθνικής άμυνας, συνέδραμε καθοριστικά στην ομαλή διεξαγωγή της επιστράτευσης, πλαισίωσε τους μάχιμους σχηματισμούς με στρατονομικά αποσπάσματα, οργάνωσε την παθητική άμυνα, ανέλαβε αποστολές αντικατασκοπείας και αναγνώρισης, ενώ μερίμνησε για την τήρηση της τάξης και της ασφάλειας τόσο στα μετόπισθεν, όσο και στα ανακτηθέντα εδάφη της Βορείου Ηπείρου.

Le sentinelle del Mar del Nord. A guardarli bene assomigliano a dei robot impantanati nelle acque del mare. In realtà sono delle sentinelle silenti che ottant'anni orsono sono state collocate all'imboccatura del Tamigi e di altri porti inglesi per proteggerli da eventuali attacchi di sommergibili tedeschi, dai pericolosi e famigerati V1 e V2, ma soprattutto dalle mine magnetiche lanciate dagli aerei e che si depositavano sul fondo diventando invisibili. L'Ammiragliato affida il progetto all'ingegnere Guy Maunsell e gli chiede di approntare delle " vere e proprie strutture di difesa e non delle semplici torrette di avvistamento". Per poter riuscire in questa impresa il giovane ingegnere, che ha studiato l'uso del cemento per la costruzione delle navi, soprattutto rimorchiatori, si rende conto che la struttura deve essere imponente, pesante, ma soprattutto in grado di resistere alla salsedine. Nave in ferrocemento https://www.42doit.com/it/education/navi-cemento-armato-marina-americana/ Il primo disegno somigliante a una bottiglia immersa nell'acqua non trova il plauso dell'Alto Comando della Marina, ma colpisce, favorevolmente, costoro per l'ingegnosità, ma gli chiedono di ripensarlo.

A great American once said that “we have every right to dream heroic dreams.” I had the great opportunity the other day to interview an authentic World War II hero, Professor Eduardo Peniche. Ed is 79 years old, a proud soldier, linguist, college professor, grandfather and, an American of Mexican birth. His story is one of courage and commitment and it is worth telling.

The present essay offers an overview of the sources in German archives on, and also originating from Soviet prisoners of war in German custody during World War II.5 Hereby, the focus is on the German Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv, BArch), on the files from military departments and organisa- tions. A complete overview, however, cannot be given here as documents of captured Red Army soldiers are to be found as well in numerous state archives and a lot of small and private collections. This essay particularly ad- dresses scholars who want to begin with research on prisoners of war from the Soviet Union, and in the first place want to make themselves familiar with the sources’ situation in Germany.

Статья посвящена рассмотрению содержания периодической печати, издававшейся на оккупированных нацистами в годы Великой Отечественной войны  на оккупированных территориях. Фашистские захватчики в пропагандистских целях активно использовали газеты, из-за их доступности и дешевизны, поэтому на оккупированных территориях издавалось более 260 коллаборационистских газет и журналов. В статье они разбираются на примере газеты «Новый путь», выходившей на территориях Белорусской ССР в 1942-1943 гг. В первой части статьи рассмотрены задачи, которые стояли перед редакциями газет, а также кто и где занимался выпуском периодических изданий. Вторая часть посвящена периодичности и структуре газеты. Каждый отдел газеты - официальный, неофициальный, рекламный - разбирается отдельно. Отдельно рассмотрен вопрос о том, как на страницах газеты «Новый путь» освещалась деятельность Русской Православной Церкви. Первоначально статья была представлена в виде доклада на III студенческой научно-богословской конференции, которая была организована Исторической обществом Санкт-Петербургской духовной академии и состоялась 31 мая 2018 г.

ТИМОТИЈЕВИЋ, Милош, 1969-
        "Храбри" партизани и "зли" четници : студије о Србији у Другом светском рату : (1941-1945) / Милош Тимотијевић. - Београд : Catena mundi, 2019 (Пирот : Pi-press). - 234 стр. ; 25 cm. - (Библиотека Посебна издања / [Catena mundi, Београд])

Тираж 400. - О аутору: стр. 223-224. - Напомене и библиографске референце уз текст. - Регистар.

ISBN 978-86-6343-110-2
94(497.11)"1941/1945"

COBISS.SR-ID 276209676

ABSTRACT | The Dunkirk Battle & Evacuation was an instant in the war (and now in military history) when modern technology came to head with old-class technology and thinking, of the past WWI. In this battle, Germany revolutionized warfare by introducing speed, large bodies of armor maneuvers, real-time radio telecommunication, focal and concentrated forward reconnaissance, unmatched planning, well-trained field commanders, high-spirit soldiers, and motivated leadership aerial bombardment in a superbly coordinated blitzkrieg.
  From May 9th until June 22sd, the global paramount assault on Western Europe (Battle of France) rendered Denmark, Norway, France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and Holland under German dominance, power, and influence until 1944-1945.
  The First Battle of Dunkirk, this moment shocked the Allies completely (England and France), and they will not recover for another two years, until November 1942, El Alamain, North Africa Campaign, and only after studying the German tactics and applying the lessons of 1939-1942 + American Assistance in logistics, armor ( 300 Sherman Tanks, completely equipped and fueled), and ammunition.
  Like in WWI, America's role in the war, was (totally) fundamental and tilted the wart balance in the Allies' favor. Approved in May 1941, the Lend-Lease Program, was an infusion of massive American strategic help & assistance (Britain, Soviet Russia, etc.), in military and civilian equipment, arms, supplies, energy, food, finance, technology transfer, and dedicated manpower, an enormous “gift”. Only with America (USA), the European Allies became victors in WWII. By 1949, The British Colonial Empire was lost. Then French Colonial Empire was lost, as well, by the fall of Indochina, Syria, Lebanon, Algeria, and Tunisia.
      The Second Battle of Dunkirk, occurred as from Sept. 15th, 1944, and lasted until May 9th, 1945. The German perimeter (city and port) resisted until the very end of the War in Europe. In fact, Dunkirk was the last area under German control, to surrender, two days after the V-day in Europe, May 09th, 1945.

In 1939 Mussolini and Hitler signed a treaty that obliged the german minority living on the border (Südtirol region but also the territory of Tarvisio/Tarvis at the border with Carinthia and Slovenia) to vote and choose if they wanted to remain in Italy, loosing their German mother culture, or to move to Germany, loosing their proprieties and their "Heimat".

My bachelor essay analyzes how the population voted, how the operations developed within the context of the WWII and how the valley society reacted during and after this big people's recollocation.

Students are members of the Yalta Conference negotiation teams representing leaders from Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Students know the decisions made will be important to end World War Two and to shape the post-WWII world. Students are to focus on the needs of their country. Obviously, the decisions agreed by all three countries impacted many other countries not be represented in these negotiations. Simulation Learning Objectives: 1. Connect the historical context for the relationships and previous disputes among the three countries during negotiations at the Yalta conference during World War Two. 2. Recognize how historical context shaped the national goals of each country and their negotiation strategies. How could have events turned out different? What are the forces of history at work that make this process for change so difficult? 3. Assess each nation's success in achieving its goals in the short term and long term. 4. Consider the merits of those goals considering the ensuing historical events. 5. Speculate about new dynamics and possible changed outcomes if the smaller European countries whose fates were heavily influenced by the decisions by the three leaders at Yalta were involved in the negotiations as well. 6. Experience the challenges and skills needed for effective negotiations. Method of Play: Read the separate document on student instructions for more detail. Materials Included in Simulation Packet: 1. Instructor history simulation procedures and PP presentation used to guide students in preparation for and during the simulation. 2. Yalta Conference historical background to be read by students before the simulation and referenced during the simulation. Justification for bargaining positions for each country is embedded within the document. The simulation receives high approval by the students, often listed as their top learning experience. As noted above, an evaluation form is completed by the students. It is partially a reflection on what they learned and partially an evaluation with suggestions to change. Often, those changes are reflected in the curriculum which is updated annually. This simulation has been used each semester for over seven years. It has been effectively used in classes of 95 to 25.

Οι ιστοριογραφικές τάσεις και τα σημαντικότερα σημεία διαφωνίας μεταξύ των ιστορικών αναφορικά με τη μελέτη της δεκαετίας του 1940 στην Ελλάδα. Ομοιότητες και διαφορές σε σχέση με αντίστοιχες συζητήσεις στην Ευρώπη. Στόχος της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να παρουσιάσει και να περιγράψει τα τρία ιστοριογραφικά ρεύματα που κυριάρχησαν στην Ελλάδα από τα πρώτα μεταπολεμικά χρόνια του Β' Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου μέχρι και σήμερα. Έπειτα, θα αναλυθούν οι διαφορές και οι προβληματικές των μεθόδων και των ερμηνευτικών σχημάτων που χρησιμοποιούνται για την έρευνα της πολύπαθης δεκαετίας 1940-1950. Στο τρίτο, και τελευταίο, σκέλος της εργασίας παρουσιάζονται οι διαφορές και οι ομοιότητες της ελληνικής ιστοριογραφίας με την ευρωπαϊκή ιστορική μελέτη. Η ελληνική ιστοριογραφία, αναφορικά με τη μελέτη της δεκαετίας του 1940, άλλαξε κατευθύνσεις στο πέρασμα του χρόνου. Τόσο το πολιτικό κατεστημένο της χώρας, όσο και τα εργαλεία και τα ερμηνευτικά σχήματα που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν σε διαφορετικές περιόδους, άλλαζαν κατά καιρούς το περιεχόμενο της ιστορικής μελέτης. Όπως θα δούμε παρακάτω, η εξέλιξη των ιστορικών μελετών στο χρόνο, είναι συνυφασμένη με τις πολιτικές μεταβολές του ελληνικού κράτους. Η ιστοριογραφία μετά το τέλος της κατοχής των δυνάμεων του Άξονα το 1944 και μέχρι τη Μεταπολίτευση του 1974, χαρακτηρίζεται από την αντιπαλότητα που δημιούργησε ο εμφύλιος πόλεμος στην Ελλάδα. Το 63% της βιβλιογραφικής παραγωγής αυτής της περιόδου είναι σαφώς προσκείμενη στη δεξιά προσδίδοντας σε αυτή ένα χαρακτήρα αντιεαμικό ή κατά του κομμουνισμού. 1 Τα πρώτα βιβλία που εκδόθηκαν αφορούν κυρίως προσωπικές εμπειρίες από την κατοχή και γράφτηκαν κατά τη διάρκεια ή στον απόηχο του εμφυλίου πολέμου. Η λογοκρισία της δεξιάς κυβέρνησης και η επιρροή του ψυχρού πολέμου στην Ελλάδα δημιουργούν ένα δύσβατο πεδίο που δεν ευνοεί τη διεξαγωγή επιστημονικών ερευνών. 2 Η επιστημονική βιβλιογραφία παραμένει αρκετά περιορισμένη στα χρόνια μέχρι το 1974. Αφού οι συνθήκες στην Ελλάδα δεν ευνοούν την επιστημονική έρευνα, οι περισσότερες έρευνες διεξάγονται στο εξωτερικό. 3 Οι ηττημένοι του εμφυλίου έδωσαν βάση στους ένδοξους αγώνες της κατοχής. Το βασικό τους επιχείρημα είναι πως οι αγώνες του έθνους στα χρόνια της κατοχής προδόθηκαν από την εθνικόφρονη κυβέρνηση, αφού η τελευταία επέλεξε να στρατολογήσει τους συνεργάτες του κατακτητή. Η ιδεολογία της νικήτριας παράταξης, όμως, ήταν αυτή που κυριάρχησε στο δημόσιο λόγο. Οι νικητές προέβαλαν τον εμφύλιο πόλεμο ως τη συνέχεια των πολεμικών επιχειρήσεων εναντίον του ξένου εισβολέα και εξαίρεσαν τους εχθρούς τους από το εθνικό σύνολο. 4 Το ΕΑΜ προσπάθησε να καταλάβει την εξουσία με τα όπλα και να επιβάλλει την κυριαρχία του στα χρόνια της κατοχής. Οι εθνικόφρονες κατασκεύασαν το ερμηνευτικό σχήμα των τριών γύρων το οποίο αφορά τη δράση του ΚΚΕ και την προσπάθειά του να κυριαρχήσει πολιτικά με τη βία. Ο πρώτος γύρος διαρκεί από το 1941 έως το 1944, δηλαδή τα χρόνια της τριπλής κατοχής και αφορά τις διαμάχες μεταξύ των αντιστασιακών οργανώσεων. Ο δεύτερος γύρος αφορά τα Δεκεμβριανά, δηλαδή τα γεγονότα στην Αθήνα το Δεκέμβριο του 1944. Ο τρίτος περιγράφει την πολεμική των χρόνων 1946 έως 1949. Άξιο αναφοράς είναι ότι μέχρι και το 1989 τα γεγονότα των ετών 1946 έως 1949

IN THE NET OF DISCIPLINARY AND REGULATORY MECHANISMS:
MUSICIANS IN BELGRADE 1941−1944

The subject of this doctoral dissertation is the status of musicians in Belgrade during the German occupation in World War II. The theoretical framework of the research is based on Michel Foucault's historical relational biopolitics, which has proven to be suitable to assess the status of musicians in a particular crisis of "social state" and based on the example of actual practices and knowledge. The dissertation applies biopolitical strategies at two operational levels, which, like Foucault's disciplinary (micro) and regulatory mechanisms (macro), are pervasive. Firstly, biopolitics is applied to the analysis of concrete knowledge and practices which are the basis for a hypothetical framework for the future regulation of society. In this regard, we argue that biological and racial criteria are dominant in the organization of all aspects of the society in occupied Belgrade. Therefore we followed two interpretations of biopolitics - German and Serbian. Their encounters or differences, and their influence on the profession of musicians during the occupation period, as well as possible hypothetical ideas of the role of musicians in the future society, were viewed as a part of the general population's biopolitics. At the same time, we analyzed seemingly thin boundaries between the Nazi biopolitics in the homeland and in occupied Belgrade as well as those between the Serbian biopolitics and the exemplary Nazi biopolitics. In this regard, we argue that, against Nazi biopolitics based on doctrinal racial theory, a clear hierarchy of nations and cultures in the future New Europe, the Serbian version of biopolitical regulation of society was focused on preserving the collective entity represented through the concepts of "rural dystopias", framed by ideas of cooperative caste-like society system, restoration of the Middle Ages, the Saint Sava cult, ruralization and patriarchy. Although Serbian biopolitics was inferior to Nazi, viewed as different biopolitical programs, we conclude that both biopolitical versions showed insufficiently refined regulation, and dominance of disciplinary measures that led to the self-destruction of both ideals, of Aryan and of Serbian collective entities. Secondly, we analyzed actual encounters of disciplinary practices and knowledge in occupied Belgrade, by certain power centres and interests, and influence of these encounters on the position of musicians employed at four major institutions: the Serbian National Theater, the Kolarac Foundation with the Kolarac National University, the State Music Academy with Secondary Music School and Soldier’s Radio Belgrade (Soldatensender Belgrad). By applying biopolitical perspective, we conclude that the excommunicated and the ineligible musicians constituted an equal half, the Other without whom it was impossible to define "what is disciplined and what is it that remains." In addition to the analytical goal of this dissertation, which is to determine boundaries between different versions of biopolitics - Nazi and Serbian, and their related visions of future societies which influenced the status of musicians, this dissertation also pursued an interpretative-theoretical goal: pointing out adequate social classification of musicians that would fulfill sociological criteria and would be applicable to the analysis of the position of musicians in the occupied metropolises during WWII. In this regard, interpretative theoretical approach resulted in classification of musicians in occupied Belgrade into five basic groups: 1) ineligible musicians such as Jews, Communists, Roma, and to some extent Freemasons 2) “opportunists” as the  largest group of educated musicians in German-speaking areas or prominent music professionals, 3) foreign musicians, 4) eligible musicians, and 5) neutral musicians who remained largely inactive during this period. The failure of Nazi biopolitics in the sphere of music is evident through the dominance of "opportunist" musicians and abscence of ideals of "Nazi Aryan music" as well as of a clear criteria of "eligibility". Finally, the main premise on which this dissertation is based is that there is no autonomously German or Serbian history of occupation of Belgrade, and that both the position of musicians and the attitude towards musical practices were created in line with coinciding of the aforementioned. The sociological segmentation of the musicians in this dissertation is presented as an example how clusters in the society of the Third Reich and other metropoles under the Nazis, not only in occupied Belgrade, can be further compared.

Keywords: musicians, Belgrade, WWII, Michel Foucault, disciplinary mechanism, regulatory mechanism, biopolitics, Jews, Roma people, opportunists

ONLINE COST-FREE DIGITAL EDITION. ENGLISH. 446 PAGES. 181 PICTURES. NAME INDEX INCLUDED. FIRST EDITION 2018. OVER 23,000 READS. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>  MH GOVER writes about the Polish Birth SHTETL of his father SHLOMO Halevi GARBARZ  GOVER, the village of Konstantynów Podlaski nad Bugiem, in today's east Poland.
IN ORDER TO TRACE SPECIFIC SURNAMES, YOU MAY WANT TO GO FIRST TO THE NAME INDEX AT THE END OF THIS BOOK.
This full 4th English Edition is now published online for free downloads.

On October 1942 the 1,750 Jewish citizens of the village of Konstantynow Podlaski Nad Bugiem in East Poland were exterminated by the Germans in the commercial scale Death Facility Treblinka. The identity of most of the victims remained hidden for 72 years, until the author unfolded in 2014, the identity of 1,320 of them by locating the documents of a well concealed Konstantynow Podlaski, April 1940 German census. 
This book pays tribute to this perished 16th Century CE, 500 years old Jewish community in Konstantynow Nad Bugiem in east Poland.

This thesis examines Kanokogi Takeshirō’s (1874-1941) painting, Triumphal Entry into
Nanjing (1940), as a visual representation and witness of Pan-Asianism at its critical
transformation in wartime Japan. A tribute to the Japanese army and the Yasukuni Shrine, the
painting depicts the scene in which the army, after taking over China’s capital on December 13th,
1937, held an official ceremony of the city entry on the 17th. Nanjing invites a new way of
looking at wartime record paintings produced in the 1930s and 40s, most of the existing research
on which focuses only on the representation of either the establishment or disintegration of the
human figures. This thesis argues that Nanjing shifts the visual emphasis from the representation
of human figures to the identified landscape elements, thus inverting the pictorial construction by
giving both visual and ideological primacy to the compositional background instead of the
foreground. It successfully overcomes the circumscriptions of both objectivity and a mere record
of war. Instead, the painting actively witnesses the historical event by involving its viewers into a
nationalistic participation, through which the notion of a communal body is given form.
This thesis, while providing a detailed visual examination of Nanjing and its comparison
with photographs and architecture, combines different types of media and literature—including
news reports, memoirs, and travelogues—in order to demonstrate Nanjing’s capacity as an
ideologically charged symbolism that uses the landscape to generate a specific interpretation—of
the occupied territory and its national icons—that fits with Japan’s own Pan-Asian and colonial
ideals. In general, this thesis intends to shed light on the art historical understanding of the
subtlety and ambiguity of Japan’s wartime ideology, one that consists of both violence and a
(re)imagination of Asia that overcomes borderlines and modernity.

The publication deals with the lives of millions of Ukraine’s citizens – forced laborers in Nazi Germany during World War II, their return and postwar resocialization. The given research is based on the archival documents, evidences of the eyewitnesses from Kyiv and Kyiv oblast. It describes the implementation of the Nazi racist theories related to ostarbeiters, the Soviet attitude towards repatriates, the role of the bureaucratic “superiors” and “executives” in the totalitarian state, forced laborers’ possibilities to influence their own lives. The publication is intended for researchers, faculty members, students, anyone interested in history

Le procès de Nuremberg fut le premier procès filmé. Sa représentation est étudiée au prisme de trois films réalisés à différentes époques : None Shall Escape (André de Toth, 1944), une fiction portant sur le procès imaginaire d'un dignitaire nazi ; Judgment at Nuremberg (Stanley Kramer, 1961), une autre fiction qui relate le procès des juges, l'un des douze procès successeurs qui s'est tenu à Nuremberg ; et The Memory of Justice (Marcel Ophüls, 1977), un documentaire qui présente pour la première fois des images du procès historique de Nuremberg, interrogeant notamment la responsabilité des Américains dans la guerre du Vietnam et des Français dans celle d'Algérie.

A partir do levantamento bibliográfico sobre a intervenção militar da URSS na Polônia (1939), presente na historiografia oficial soviética, constata-se que esta se afirma constituir num revide ao que classifica como historiografia conservadora burguesa – interessada em ocultar a natureza imperialista da guerra –, capaz de separar a verdade da mentira sobre o início da Segunda Guerra por meio do aporte teórico do marxismo-leninismo. Mais do que por rupturas, tomadas no Ocidente como naturais e reincidentes ao sistema totalitário, ela se caracteriza pela continuidade de temas e episódios estabelecidos na mesma época. Alterações e suspensões são frequentes na historiografia soviética. A perenidade, no entanto, se impõe como fator chave.

Die Gräber und Friedhöfe der gefallenen Soldaten erfuhren während der letzten Jahrzehnte einen bedeutenden Werte- und Sinnwandel. Während des Zweiten Krieges wurden die Kriegsgräber durch die Wehrmacht und die Nationalsozialisten als „heilige Wallfahrtorte deutschen Heldentums“ geplant und gebaut. Nach der deutschen Kapitulation änderte sich ihre Bedeutung zu einer Mahn- und Friedensbotschaft. Heute symbolisieren die Kriegsgräber und Soldatenfriedhöfe einen Ort der Trauer und des Leides. Über den Steinen und Gräberfeldern werden Lernprojekte, Besichtigungen und Gedenkveranstaltungen mit Jugend- und Schülergruppen aus ganz Europa durchgeführt.

English
The graves and cemeteries of the German fallen soldiers symbolize different meanings and messages during the time. In the Second World War, the Wehrmacht and the national socialists constructed the soldier cemeteries as holy places and places of German heroism. After the surrender the graves turned into symbols of a reminder of pain, suffer and war. Today the grave stones are used for educational projects, memory services, guided tours for students and young people all over Europe.

Sir Patrick Michael Leigh Fermor (1915-2011) -Paddy, para los amigos y fans incondicionales-, ha pasado a la Historia como un infatigable viajero, héroe de guerra y una de las mejores plumas en prosa de toda la literatura anglosajona, que no es poco.

Rose Valland è una delle eroine sconosciute della Seconda guerra mondiale, ha rischiato la propria vita al fine di acquisire gli indirizzi a cui erano destinate le opere d'arte trafugate dai musei francesi, durante i quattro anni dell'occupazione. Ogni volta li ha trascritti in vari quadernetti con il semplice intento di permettere, a conflitto finito, di recuperarli. Lo storico francese Lucie Aubrac ha affermato che la figura di Rose è «un enigma in cerca di una soluzione», sicuramente, non sarà questo breve scritto a fornirla, ma almeno cercherà di riportare alla luce le gesta di questa figura sconosciuta e dimenticata della storia della resistenza europea. Se un giorno il lettore avrà la fortuna di compiere un giro in Francia gli consiglio di recarsi nella cittadina di Saint-Étienne-de-Saint-Geoirs, nel Dipartimento dell'Isère, 1 oltre a scoprire che è stata fondata dai romani e che ha dato i natali al contrabbandiere Louis Mandrin e al Generale Joseph VINOY, quando giungerà nella piazza centrale vedrà ergersi la statua di una donna dall'aspetto dolce, ma deciso, in grado di adattarsi, come l'Andrasace, fiore tipico delle sue zone, a qualunque situazione, pur di perseguire il suo obiettivo proteggere le opere d'arte. 1 Nella Regione dell'Alvernia-Rodano-Alpi.

Historical fiction touching upon many subjects, the first of which is the "race" once called "Prusiaskai" in the Encyclopedia of World History, edited by Professor William L. Langer, Harvard, 1948 edition (page 214).  I incorporate as many facts as I can on the band of peoples comprising the names Prusa, Pruza, Old Prussians, and others.  The story features the actual Nazi SS camp in Latvia that produced the youngest "Werewolf children" used in France in 1944/45 as documented by the U.S. Army.  Creatively, the story is neo-gothic and delves into questions of race, identity, the body as a novel, and the psychological landscape of characters.  The protagonist, Ritva, is the human face for a war lost to numbers and superlatives.

U ovom radu će biti prikazan propagandni rad Publikacionog odeljenja
Državne komisije za utvrđivanje zločina okupatora i njihovih pomagača, odnosno
njena Saopštenja koja su objavljivana kao jedan od rezultata rada Državne komisije.
Odlukom Antifašističkog veća narodnog oslobođenja Jugoslavije br. 9 od 30. novembra
1943. godine u Jajcu odlučeno je da se pri predsedništvu Nacionalnog komiteta
oslobođenja Jugoslavije obrazuje Državna komisija za utvrđivanje zločina okupatora
i njihovih pomagača sa zadatkom da utvrdi odgovornost, pronađe i privede kazni
lica odgovorna za zločine koje su u toku rata u Jugoslaviji počinili okupatori i njihovi
pomagači. Najvažniji zadatak Državne komisije se sastojao u prikupljanju podataka i
potrebnog dokaznog materijala pomoću kog je trebalo utvrditi vrstu zločina i pronaći
njihove počinitelje. Prikupljanje ovih podataka Državna Komisija je trebalo da vrši
samostalno ili preko zemaljskih komisija ili drugih organa narodne vlasti određenih
za prikupljanje podataka i dokaznog materijala. Za predsednika Državne komisije je
postavljen Dušan Nedeljković, profesor Univerziteta u Beogradu, a za ostale članove
pravnici i advokati iz Republika FNRJ.

First in Greek bibliography description of the battle that took place 17 & 18 April, 1941 by ANZAC troops in the Tempe Valley.
Του Χαράλαμπου Βόγια
Η Μάχη της Κοιλάδας των Τεμπών ή όπως και την ονομάζουν ως τη Μάχη του Φαραγγιού του Πηνειού, ήταν βασικά, μια μάχη «οπισθοφυλακής» που δόθηκε από τα στρατεύματα των Αυστραλών και Νεοζηλανδών, εναντίον των Γερμανών κατακτητών , από της 17 έως 18 Απριλίου, του 1941, κατά τη διάρκεια της αποτυχημένης εκστρατείας, των Βρετανών, στην Ελλάδα.

Australian authorities at the start of the war were concerned firstly about the loyalty of its subject peoples and secondly with how colonised people could serve the interests of Australian rule. The Australian New Guinea Administrative Unit (ANGAU) was charged with overseeing the war effort in the territories of Papua and New Guinea; part of this charge was the recruitment of native labour for the war effort. In this process New Guineans were often promised a number of things about the future – usually the making of a post-war new order – which had consequences for their relations with a post-war Australian and colonial rule: ‘thousands of labourers, servicemen and villagers listened to speeches, sometimes in languages that they half understood, and heard themselves praised, thanked and promised a richer life in the future.’ 

ANGAU was often described, both at the time and later, as a harsh employer with the interests of the army put ahead of those of New Guineans. The burdenå of the war was heavier for New Guineans than for Australians on the mainland, especially in terms of the disruption to their lives and the consequences that had for village life. It was a war in which they had little control and were put at the service of either the white ‘masta’ or the incoming Japanese.

This paper examines, briefly, the experiences of New Guineans in the context of these promises, and what it meant for post-war Papua and New Guinea; it discusses some aspects and consequences of labour recruitment.  Central to the paper is the question whether Australia had any right to impose such a burden on their colonial subjects.

Abstract:
Nowadays, the personal experiences of the participants in armed conflicts: diaries, letters and testimonies have begun to draw the attention of researchers, who have introduced them into the scientific circuit, they also draw the attention of the general public. Our paper proposes to present six postcards and two letters written between February 16th, 1940 and September 3rd, 1943, by Cocoş Bucur, soldier in the 8th Infantry Regiment, photographs and personal documents belonging to him. Cocoş Bucur was born on April 1st, 1908 in Valea Raţei, in the former county of Râmnicu Sărat (today, a village in the commune of Murgeşti, Buzău County), as son of Frăţilă and Tudora Cocoș.
He became church singer at the “Saint Parascheva” Church in Râmnicu Sărat, and on July 25th, 1936 he married with Joița Datcu (December 19th, 1916 – February 4th, 2009), from their marriage resulting four children: Constanţa (1938-2012), Teodora (1940-1996), Matei (1942-1994) and Elena (1944-2018).
He participated in the military concentration in 1940, and on July 7th, 1942, he was finally called under arms at the 8th Infantry Regiment in Buzău.
Few days before Romania joined the interests the United Nations, on August 8th, 1944, being at the regiment, he fell victim to American aviation that bombarded Buzău in the Frantic operation.
The little documentary fund is now the property of the descendants who made them available to us.

The article highlights the participation of American troops in liberation of Western Bohemia in 1945, discussions about the possible liberation of Prague, Soviet-American agreements and motives for the decisions taken, positions of the US State Department and military command, as well as of the British government on this issue.

Правна студия относно генезиса на антиеврейското законодателство и неговото разпространение в Европа в периода преди Втората световна война. Публикувана в сборника с правни изследвания: "Антиеврейското законодателство в България и Европа", изд. Център за еврейски изследвания при Философския факултет на СУ и Института за модерна политика, 2015 г.

--------------
Legal study on the genesis of anti-Jewish legislation and its distribution in Europe in the period before the Second World War. Published in the Collection of Legal Studies: "Anti-Jewish Legislation in Bulgaria and Europe", ed. Center for Jewish Studies at the Faculty of Philosophy of the Sofia University and the Institute for Modern Politics, 2015

"Potrebno je zapitati se: Zašto nam je neprihvatljiva ? Odgovor na ovo pitanje je istovremeno vrlo jednostavan, ali komplikovan. Kada je historičar Klaus Rot objašnjavao pojam stereotipa, on ga je opisao kao uvjerenje i znanja iz navika. Bergholz, čija je avantura prije deset godina započela u Arhivu Bosne i Hercegovine sa hrpom papira u plavoj prašnjavoj fascikli, je došao bez bilo kakvih stereotipa, odnosno znanja iz navika. Kulen Vakuf je za profesora Bergholza do tada bio nepoznanica, pa stereotipa nije mogao niti imati, s toga će takav autorov pristup pisanju događaja iz 1941. godine omogućiti da napiše djelo koje će velikoj masi biti neprihvatljivo. Neprihvatljivo iz razloga da promjene svoja znanja iz navika i prihvate neku novu interepretaciju prošlosti. Ocijenio je Dino Dupanović."

Concentration camps in Italian occupied Greece.
The Nazis and their allies ran more than 44,000 camps, ghettos, and other sites of detention, persecution, forced labor, and murder during the Holocaust. Few people know about the breadth of the Nazi camp system and the conditions in those places—including the broad range of prisoner experiences. The Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945, aims to answer basic questions about as many of those sites as possible.

Fifty-six million people, civilians, soldiers, and partisans died, during World War II. Every state and nation mourns and remembers their own dead, in monumental memorials, remembrance days, sites of memory, or cemeteries. The largest group of the war dead – soldiers – are glorified, victimized, or condemned.  Their resting places, the cemeteries and mass graves, are mirrors of the national official narrative of World War II. This chapter will introduce two different memories of World War II, based on the resting places of victors and defeated: the fallen soldiers of the Soviet Red Army and the fallen soldiers of the German Wehrmacht and how they are commemorated today. For this study, the focus lies on Germany  and Russia as the former largest state in the Soviet Union. Both armies lost soldiers from the Volga, Danube, and Elbe rivers, as well as in the north African desert and the Arctic circle. Germans and Soviets buried their dead in cemeteries, imbued their deaths with meaning, and created memorials to honor and mourn them. While the national memory traditions of the two countries differ substantially, the resting places of their soldiers are widespread across Europe. To frame their divergent narratives of the war, this study focuses on one battlefield where both Soviet and Germans soldiers lost their lives – the fields of Leningrad. Based on research literature, archival research, interviews with key figures, local field studies and observation, and media responses, this chapter investigates the German war cemetery in Sologubovka and the Soviet/Russian  burial ground on the Sinyavinsky Heights. These represent opposing memories and disparate treatments of fallen World War II soldiers. The landscape of Leningrad offers two perspectives and two blueprints of memory between victimhood and heroism, between grief and triumph.

December 7, 1941, marks a key moment, not just for the United States and Japan but for the world as a whole, as it represents a critical event that forever altered the global balance of power. Under examination, Operation AI represents not just the opening move in the Japanese-American conflict but also serves as a metaphor for the Pacific War in its entirety. The same limitations, errors, and attitudes which contributed to the Imperial Navy’s failure to achieve a tactical victory in their first engagement with the US Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, also led to its ultimate defeat. The most curious discovery is not the strike failed on both a strategic and tactical level, but rather its architects recognized the plan’s shortfalls months before the Kido Butai left its home waters. Consequently, the shortsightedness of men like Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto condemned Japan’s forces and later the empire itself to a meaningless conflict with no hope of victory. Considering the futile nature of the mission and its toll upon the empire, historians must begin to reevaluate key Japanese leaders, like Yamamoto, to determine if their careless hubris demands a revision of their positive historical narrative.