Gabriela Tarouco
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Ciência Política, Faculty Member
A regulação é um dos níveis da governança eleitoral e dela dependem os dois demais – a administração e a adjudicação. O presente trabalho analisa as duas fontes da regulação da competição eleitoral no Brasil: a atividade propositiva no... more
A regulação é um dos níveis da governança eleitoral e dela dependem os dois demais – a administração e a adjudicação. O presente trabalho analisa as duas fontes da regulação da competição eleitoral no Brasil: a atividade propositiva no poder legislativo, especificamente as PECs iniciadas na Câmara de Deputados, e as resoluções da Justiça Eleitoral, especificamente aquelas emitidas pelo TSE (Tribunal Superior Eleitoral). A comparação entre os dois tipos de regulação mostra que os conteúdos, objetos e agendas das duas arenas de regulação são facilmente distinguíveis e diretamente associados aos papéis formais das instituições em que se originam. Apenas a regulação formulada pelo legislativo afeta as regras do jogo eleitoral de forma a alterar a arena competitiva. A regulação procedimental exercida pela Justiça Eleitoral, por outro lado, incide sobre os atores políticos e suas estratégias competitivas dentro da arena previamente definida pela regulação legislativa.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This chapter discusses the relations between models of electoral governance and the behavior of opposition parties. It builds on the debate about electoral management institutions and about manipulation and fraud in elections.
Research Interests:
Qual é o papel dos partidos políticos nas novas democracias latino americanas? A incorporação de novos atores legitimados para o exercício da representação política estaria ameaçando o monopólio dos partidos? Analisamos a legislação... more
Qual é o papel dos partidos políticos nas novas democracias latino americanas? A incorporação de novos atores legitimados para o exercício da representação política estaria ameaçando o monopólio dos partidos? Analisamos a legislação partidária e eleitoral de 18 países da América Latina no período desde a redemocratização até 2015 para identificar a permissão do exercício da representação política por atores não partidários (outros tipos de organizações e indivíduos não vinculados a partidos). Encontramos diferentes trajetórias na regulação da competição pelos países e apenas poucos casos de reformas no sentido da ampliação a novos tipos de atores. Concluímos que na América Latina, pelo menos no nível formal, não se confirma o diagnóstico de enfraquecimento do monopólio dos partidos políticos na representação.
Versão anterior deste trabalho foi apresentada no 40º Encontro da ANPOCS, em outubro de 2016. Agradecemos aos participantes pelos comentários e sugestões. Imprecisões remanescentes são nossa inteira responsabilidade. Agradecemos também a Evertton Lira, Brheno Vieira e Eliza Salvador pela ajuda com a coleta da legislação.
Versão anterior deste trabalho foi apresentada no 40º Encontro da ANPOCS, em outubro de 2016. Agradecemos aos participantes pelos comentários e sugestões. Imprecisões remanescentes são nossa inteira responsabilidade. Agradecemos também a Evertton Lira, Brheno Vieira e Eliza Salvador pela ajuda com a coleta da legislação.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This article describes the concept of electoral integrity, how it developed from previous ideas in the literature, so as discusses some methodological alternatives for its measurement. Additionally, it presents electoral integrity in... more
This article describes the concept of electoral integrity, how it developed from previous ideas in the literature, so as discusses some methodological alternatives for its measurement. Additionally, it presents electoral integrity in close connection to the debate on electoral governance institutions, while
incorporating political actors in the analyses. Furthermore, the article uses examples from Latin America to demonstrate the limits of perceptions data as measures of electoral integrity. As surveys to experts and voters show divergent perceptions, survey researchers and participants must consider its consequences.
incorporating political actors in the analyses. Furthermore, the article uses examples from Latin America to demonstrate the limits of perceptions data as measures of electoral integrity. As surveys to experts and voters show divergent perceptions, survey researchers and participants must consider its consequences.
Research Interests:
The Brazilian 2022 election has operated a deep change in the dis‑ tribution of political power and brought new concerns about electoral integrity. This article describes political actors’ strategies and the roles of electoral... more
The Brazilian 2022 election has operated a deep change in the dis‑
tribution of political power and brought new concerns about electoral integrity. This article describes political actors’ strategies and the roles of electoral institutions to analyze the process, its results, and its implications. The general conclusion is that good institutions are not enough for good elections.
tribution of political power and brought new concerns about electoral integrity. This article describes political actors’ strategies and the roles of electoral institutions to analyze the process, its results, and its implications. The general conclusion is that good institutions are not enough for good elections.
RESUMO O artigo analisa dados dos programas eleitorais apresentados para as eleições presidenciais no Brasil de 1994 a 2018, para descrever como as candidaturas se posicionaram ideologicamente. Os dados produzidos e disponibilizados pelo... more
RESUMO O artigo analisa dados dos programas eleitorais apresentados para as eleições presidenciais no Brasil de 1994 a 2018, para descrever como as candidaturas se posicionaram ideologicamente. Os dados produzidos e disponibilizados pelo Manifestos Project permitiram quantificar os conteúdos de esquerda e de direita abrigados nas suas plataformas e sua variação no tempo. A análise aponta que conteúdos de esquerda e de direita convivem lado a lado nos programas, ao mesmo tempo que confirma a distinção ideológica entre as alternativas. Além disso, aplica as medidas de ideologia para calcular e comparar o grau de polarização em cada eleição e identifica o seu súbito aumento em 2018.
In this paper we compare the recent dataset of Latin American country party manifestos as coded by the Manifest Project database to other estimations of position on the left-right scale and to another coding of the same documents,... more
In this paper we compare the recent dataset of Latin American country party manifestos as coded by the Manifest Project database to other estimations of position on the left-right scale and to another coding of the same documents, discussing their limits and potentialities. The differences found between results offer an interesting opportunity to discuss the method, its reliability, and the validity of the coding scheme and the scales. Our findings suggest that the fragile reliability of the hand-coded content analysis could be circumvented by employing intercoder reliability tests and that users must be cautious when basing conclusions on this project’s results.
Research Interests:
How does electoral governance affect the quality of elections? This article compares legislative elections in Latin America since re-democratization to verify the relationship between the models of electoral governance and the quality of... more
How does electoral governance affect the quality of elections? This article compares legislative elections in Latin America since re-democratization to verify the relationship between the models of electoral governance and the quality of elections. The logit panel analysis runs on an original dataset on electoral institutions to find that among other features of electoral governance, the delegation to non-partisan actors plays a critical role, being associated with institutional environments with no concerns about the fairness of elections. On the other hand, when political parties manage electoral competition, there is a greater likelihood of concerns about the fairness of the elections.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
"""Generally, party programmes are neglected in Brazil owing to their alleged (and assumed) irrelevance. It is argued that given that such documents are designed on order and with propaganda purposes, they could hardly be accepted as... more
"""Generally, party programmes are neglected in Brazil owing to their alleged (and assumed) irrelevance. It is argued that given that such documents are designed on order and with propaganda purposes, they could hardly be accepted as depictions of the parties’ true political positions. However, such an assessment lacks empirical verification. This article tests the hypothesis that Brazilian parties emphasise distinct questions in their manifestos. This hypothesis is based on saliency theory, according to which parties can be distinguished from one another depending on the themes they choose to prioritise. Content analysis technique was applied to the texts, using an adaptation of the categories of the Manifesto Research Group. The results indicate that the programmes do not have the same content, and neither are the differences in their emphases random. It is possible to distinguish between Brazilian parties not only by the kinds of questions they emphasise more, but also by those that they emphasise less.
Keywords: Parties; Programmes; Manifestos; Emphases; Content analysis."""
Keywords: Parties; Programmes; Manifestos; Emphases; Content analysis."""
Research Interests:
"The article discusses the concept of institutionalization that supports the evaluation of Brazilian party system as an inchoate one. The conceptual requirements concerning the relations between parties and their social bases are... more
"The article discusses the concept of institutionalization that supports the evaluation of Brazilian party system as an inchoate one. The conceptual requirements concerning the relations between parties and their social bases are challenged with arguments related to the worldwide process of change that affected the parties’ original functions. Based on the criterion of party persistence in time, the electoral trajectory of Brazilian parties in national elections is considered in the period 1982-2006, and the analysis developed in the article proposes that the stability of the present Brazilian political parties justifies rejecting the diagnostics of the party system as non-institutionalized.
Key words: institutionalization; political parties; party systems; stability."
Uma versão inicial deste trabalho foi apresentada no IV Simpósio dos Pós-Graduandos em Ciência Política da USP, em 2006, ocasião em que foi debatido pela Profa. Maria do Socorro Braga, cujos comentários agradeço.
Key words: institutionalization; political parties; party systems; stability."
Uma versão inicial deste trabalho foi apresentada no IV Simpósio dos Pós-Graduandos em Ciência Política da USP, em 2006, ocasião em que foi debatido pela Profa. Maria do Socorro Braga, cujos comentários agradeço.
Research Interests:
This article proposes an operationalization of the concept of opposition on the positions publically taken by the parties and tests their application in a comparative analysis of the electoral arena in four Brazilian states. The... more
This article proposes an operationalization
of the concept of opposition on the positions
publically taken by the parties and tests their
application in a comparative analysis of the electoral
arena in four Brazilian states. The competitive
atmosphere of situation versus opposition in the
states of Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, São Paulo and
Rio Grande do Sul is analyzed through a series of
empirical indicators in the 2002 and 2006 elections.
The analysis reveals large variations in oppositional
competitiveness in coalition strategies and in voters’
loyalty to their parties, even though the
institutional effects did not vary. This kind of
results suggests that specific local factors must be
mobilized to explain the behavior of opposition
parties at the subnational level.
of the concept of opposition on the positions
publically taken by the parties and tests their
application in a comparative analysis of the electoral
arena in four Brazilian states. The competitive
atmosphere of situation versus opposition in the
states of Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, São Paulo and
Rio Grande do Sul is analyzed through a series of
empirical indicators in the 2002 and 2006 elections.
The analysis reveals large variations in oppositional
competitiveness in coalition strategies and in voters’
loyalty to their parties, even though the
institutional effects did not vary. This kind of
results suggests that specific local factors must be
mobilized to explain the behavior of opposition
parties at the subnational level.
Research Interests:
This article measures the ideology of Brazilian political parties, recurrently cited as inconsistent. The method applied is the content analysis of party programs, using an alternative scale, proposed to capture Brazilian specificities,... more
This article measures the ideology of Brazilian political parties, recurrently cited as inconsistent. The method applied is the content analysis of party programs, using an alternative scale, proposed to capture Brazilian specificities, usually neglected in the international comparative literature. The party positions are calculated for the main seven Brazilian parties in the left-right dimension and in the conservative-liberal dimension, which are then crossed in a two-dimensional plane. The results are compared to other classifications found in the literature about Brazil and indicate the relevance of mobilizing the ideological position of parties as independent variable to the understanding of several aspects of the Brazilian party system.
Research Interests:
This paper analyses Brazilian manifests for presidential elections from 1989 to 2018 using wordfish and wordscores techniques. We compare our results to hand-coded analyses and other measures from the literature. We discuss implications... more
This paper analyses Brazilian manifests for presidential elections from 1989 to 2018 using wordfish and wordscores techniques. We compare our results to hand-coded analyses and other measures from the literature. We discuss implications and set a research agenda on the meaning of the content scales.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
A caracterização do sistema partidário brasileiro como incipiente ou fluido decorre de uma elaboração conceitual específica, cujos critérios são questionados neste trabalho. A aplicação de conceitos alternativos cujos critérios enfatizam... more
A caracterização do sistema partidário brasileiro como incipiente ou fluido decorre de uma elaboração conceitual específica, cujos critérios são questionados neste trabalho. A aplicação de conceitos alternativos cujos critérios enfatizam a estabilidade dos partidos individuais no tempo e a sua operacionalização através do acompanhamento de resultados eleitorais ao longo de seis eleições nacionais permite concluir que os partidos brasileiros vêm se institucionalizando significativamente desde a redemocratização. Diante disso, propõe-se rever a referida classificação atribuída ao sistema partidário brasileiro.
Research Interests:
Artigo na revista de divulgação científica ComCiência