- History, Medieval History, Prosopography, Medieval urban history, Medieval Medicine, Medieval Law, and 189 moreGender Studies (Medieval Studies), Cologne at the Middle Ages, Medieval Prosopography, Geschichte des Mittelalters und der Renaissance, Personengeschichte, Stadtgeschichte, Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Medieval Historiography, Medieval Women, Power and Authority in the Middle Ages, History of Medicine, Medieval Science, Alfonso X el Sabio, Digital Edition, Medieval Music, History of Elites, German Studies, History of Universities, Digital Preservation, Digital Archives, Hildegard of Bingen, Hildegard von Bingen, History of Medicine in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, Medieval Germany, Medieval Hospitals, Late Medieval economic and social history, Medieval Women Writers, Museums, Cultural Heritage, Organisational Change, Social Media, Digitisation, Manuscript digitization, Walther von der Vogelweide, Medieval Chronicles, Language and Power, Medieval Cities and Urbanism, Mittelalterliche Geschichte, Moyen Âge, Political propaganda and Literature, Medieval Jewish History, Jewish-Christian-Muslim relations in the Middle Ages, Memory in Medieval Culture, Comparative medieval history, Craft Guilds in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, Witch Hunt Studies, Feminist Theory, Medieval Literature, Late Middle Ages, Social Network Analysis (Medieval Studies), Erinnerungskultur (memory culture), Historia Medieval, Emperor Frederick II, Medieval Iberian History, German history and German historiography, Judaism and Islam, Islamic Origins, Merchants (Medieval Studies), Homo Economicus, Thomas R. Malthus, Deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters, Mittelalter, Jewish History, Medieval Universities, Cultural History, Liber Augustalis, Federico II Hohenstaufen, Paleografia Latina, Spanish Paleography, Galician-Portuguese Language, Middle Ages and Renaissance, German-Jewish Studies, Digital Humanities, Social History of Medicine, Medieval Cultural Contacts, Critical Edition (Medieval History), History of Science and Medicine In Medieval and Renaissance Europe, Ammianus Marcellinus, Roman Prosopography, eusebius of Caesarea, Pre-Judaic Semitic Monotheism, Medieval Studies, Cultural Studies, Renaissance Studies, Political History, Old Danish Literature, Ancient and Medieval Political Thought, Portuguese Inquisition, Medieval Women and Gender, 14th and 15th centuries Portugal, Medieval Spain, Christine de Pizan, Handwriting Recognition (Computer Vision), Medieval Europe, Manuscript Studies, Scandinavian Studies, Old Germanic Languages, Medieval Scandinavia, Jewish - Christian Relations, Manuscripts (Medieval Studies), History of Judaism In Antiquity, Power and jurisdiction in Medieval history, Medieval Monarchy, Kingship (Medieval History), Medieval Military History, Holy Roman Empire, Late Medieval History, History Portuguese and Spanish, Medieval Jewish-Islamic science (Medicine); medieval Arabic-Hebrew medical terminology, History of alchemy, Medieval Alchemy, History of Science, Medieval Warfare, Palaeography, Digital palaeography, Einhard and Vita, Historiography, Medieval Chronicles, Middle Ages, Medieval, Medieval Islam, Early Islamic History, Abrahamic Religions, Medieval Islamic History, Jews of Medieval Spain, Spanish Reconquest, Spanish Medieval Chronicles, Medieval Iberian Jewish History, Matthew Paris, Kingdom of Castile in the Middle Ages, Historia medieval de España, Medieval England, Cronística Medieval, Histoire des juifs en Espagne, Prosopographical Studies, Medieval German Literature, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Mediävistik, Medieval London, Transnational Medieval Literatures and Cultures, Carolingian and Ottonian ideology, Medieval Economic and Social History, Research Medieval Judaism and Jewish Christian relations in Late Antiquity and Medieval age., Jewish ritual murder accusation, Medieval Canon & Roman Law, Law and Literature, Shakespeare, John of Salisbury, Las siete partidas, Alfonso X of Castille, Women and Power in Middle Ages, Medieval Intellectual History, Humanities Computing (Digital Humanities), Social Networks, Investiture Controversy, Regesta Imperii, Social History, Cologne, Medieval Southern Italy and Sicily, Global Middle Ages, Jean Bodin, Renaissance Medicine, Hohenstaufen in Sicily, Narrative Analysis, Medieval Spanish Literature, Medieval Legal History, General Estoria, Jews in Middle Ages, Violence, Narratology, Antijudaism, Middle High German language and literature, Historical Network Research, Archival Studies, Social Network Analysis (SNA), Historical network analysis, Paleography, Narratologie, Codicology of medieval manuscripts, Cultural networks, Remote sensing and GIS, History of Violence, Converso and Jewish History, Dante, Gender History, 13th century England, Judeoconversos, Global History, Early Modern History, Anthropocene, Mozarabs, and Mozarabic Spainedit
- Professor of medieval history at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. PhD in medieval history by Bielefeld University, Germany.edit
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A religiosidade como parte integrante da vida política e econômica do período medieval já é, hoje, um dado incontestável. No entanto, são relativamente escassos os estudos que façam esta associação para o estudo do meio urbano medieval,... more
A religiosidade como parte integrante da vida política e econômica do período medieval já é, hoje, um dado incontestável. No entanto, são relativamente escassos os estudos que façam esta associação para o estudo do meio urbano medieval, onde, como se pretende demonstrar, a religiosidade deve ser pensada não apenas como parte integrante da vida social e política, mas, inclusive, como uma variável nas estratégias de busca e manutenção de status e poder das famílias dirigentes. Isso é visível, por exemplo, através da análise de testamentos e livros de registros de imóveis. A destinação de um maior número de filhos para a vida religiosa nas famílias mais numerosas evidencia uma preocupação com a divisão da herança e manutenção de determinado status social. Já as práticas caritativas, além de seus méritos religiosos, fixavam o nome do doador e sua família na arquitetura e na vida social da cidade e consolidavam sua posição social. Estes são elementos que reforçam a noção de certo pragmat...
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Tendo como base a produção poética de Walther von der Vogelweide, o presente artigo discute a representação da temática política nas cantigas do trovador alemão. Para tanto, propomos um diálogo entre Literatura e História, mais... more
Tendo como base a produção poética de Walther von der Vogelweide, o presente artigo discute a representação da temática política nas cantigas do trovador alemão. Para tanto, propomos um diálogo entre Literatura e História, mais especificamente, entre as cantigas de Walther e a da Questão das Investiduras.
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Logo of Bielefeld University. Publications at Bielefeld University. PUB. University from AZ. ...
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Logo of Bielefeld University. Publications at Bielefeld University. PUB. University from AZ. ...
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As fontes seriais estão entre as mais preciosas para a história social, devido a possibilidade de acompanhamento continuado de gerações de uma mesma família. Registros de bens imóveis são também fontes de inestimável valor pois além dos... more
As fontes seriais estão entre as mais preciosas para a história social, devido a possibilidade de acompanhamento continuado de gerações de uma mesma família. Registros de bens imóveis são também fontes de inestimável valor pois além dos dados econômicos em si permitem ao historiador lançar um olhar sobre as mentalidades e os valores de determinados grupos, como mostra o estudo das elites de Veneza e Amsterdã de Peter Burke (BURKE, 1991). Os Schreinsbücher da cidade de Colônia reúnem ambas características/qualidades. Eles são o principal grupo de fontes que utilizo no meu trabalho de doutorado sobre famílias da camada dirigente de Colônia, pois a partir de sua análise foi possível reconstituir as genealogias no interior da qual os indivíduos se integram numa rede de relacionamentos significativos. Esta identificação é o primeiro – e nem sempre mais fácil – passo num estudo prosopográfico.
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Esse texto é resultado de um projeto de longa duração, intitulado “Imagens de Joana d’Arc: história, cinema e literatura”, realizado em colaboração com alunos do curso de História da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) –... more
Esse texto é resultado de um projeto de longa duração, intitulado “Imagens de Joana d’Arc: história, cinema e literatura”, realizado em colaboração com alunos do curso de História da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) – como os alunos Alice Schäffer da Rosa, Andreli Zaniratto, Clarissa Somer Alves, Luciano Costa Gomes, Mayquel Eleuthério, Paula dos Santos Flores, Zaida Cristina de Leon Nicolau, entre outros, a quem aproveito para agradecer aqui pelos anos de intenso debate e parceria. Seu objetivo era, como o título indica, pensar não apenas na figura histórica de Joana, mas também nas suas representações no cinema e literatura, compreendendo nesse último gênero também o teatro.
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The discussion about women and political power in the Middle Ages is generally restricted to women of the nobility, especially those who have served as regents for their minor children or as queens. But when the analysis focuses on... more
The discussion about women and political power in the Middle Ages is generally restricted to women of the nobility, especially those who have served as regents for their minor children or as queens. But when the analysis focuses on non-noble women, even this ephemeral political participation disappears: one of the rare cases of consensus among medievalists is that in cities the direct political participation of women was not allowed. On this subject Le Goff considers that the situation of the townswoman-in terms of independence, mobility, prestige and power-was considerably worse than that of its contemporaries of the nobility or the clergy. While not disproving this dominant interpretation, I think that-based on the data available to women of the ruling elite in the city of Cologne-can be rethink, incorporating women's participation in trade and crafts as part of the social division of labor that allowed that the men of this elite-husbands, sons, brothers-to devote themselves to their political careers, a prestigious but unpaid activity. Sumario: 1. Mulheres e poder político. 2. A elite dirigente de Colônia e as suas mulheres. 3. Riqueza, prestígio e poder. 4. Repensando a divisão social do trabalho. 5. Conclusões. Fontes e Bibliografia * * * 1. Mulheres e poder político Ao analisar o porque do aparente pouco interesse da prosopografia (e, poderiamos acrescentar: da nova história política) pela história das mulheres, Christine Klapisch-Zuber constata que esse fenômeno está relacionado ao fato
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Coloco à disposição, além do meu artigo, o número integral da revista,
contendo textos de JOAN SCOTT, GUACIRA LOPES LOURO e ELIANE MARTA TEIXERIA LOPES, entre outros
contendo textos de JOAN SCOTT, GUACIRA LOPES LOURO e ELIANE MARTA TEIXERIA LOPES, entre outros
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Correr e fugir ou ficar e lutar? O tema desse dossiê-matar e morrer na Idade Média-pretende abordar essa questão como o cruzamento dessas duas esferas, a cultural e a natural, a partir da sua instância mais básica: o corpo. Embora seja um... more
Correr e fugir ou ficar e lutar? O tema desse dossiê-matar e morrer na Idade Média-pretende abordar essa questão como o cruzamento dessas duas esferas, a cultural e a natural, a partir da sua instância mais básica: o corpo. Embora seja um "objeto natural" o corpo humano também é produto cultural, tanto que a educação, disciplina e mesmo valores comuns nos levam muitas vezes a contrariar nossos instintos mais básicos, como quando partimos para a guerra, para matar ou morrer. Pretendemos discutir a forma de apresentação, narração e problematização dessa temática em seus estereótipos-por exemplo o furor teutonicus-associadas a conceitos como honra, coragem-covardia, masculino-feminino etc. A idéia é reunir textos que permitam discutir essa temática com um amplo recorte espaço-temporal e nas relações-e valores-atribuídos às populações germânicas e seus vizinhos, amigos e inimigos no medievo. Enfim, também como uma forma de percepção da sua relação com os outros, por oposição aos quais se definiam. Killing and Dying in the Middle Ages Flee and escape or stay and fight? The theme of this dossier – killing and dying in the Middle Ages-aims to address this issue as the intersection of these two spheres, cultural and natural, from its most basic instance: the body. Although a "natural object", the human body is also a cultural product, so that education, discipline and even common values lead us many times to act against our most basic instincts, such as when we go to war to kill or to die. We intend to discuss the presentation, narration and questioning of this thematic in their stereotypes-for example teutonicus furor-associated with concepts such as honor, courage, cowardice, male-female, etc. The idea is to organize texts that allow discussing this theme with a large spatiotemporal cut and in relationships-and values-attributed to the Germans and their neighbors, friends and enemies in the Middle Ages. Ultimately, as a way of perception of the Germans' relationship with other people, in opposition to whom they defined themselves
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availabel also in https://cuvillier.de/de/shop/publications/6941-fuhrende-kolner-familien-im-spatmittelalter
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a crise atingiu também a nossa melhor revista de divulgação científica, vamos ajudar a evitar que ela desapareça!
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texto publicado originalmente em Signum, Revista da ABREM (Associação Brasileira de Estudos Medievais), Nr. 4. 2002, pp. 283-290.
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The genealogies were not very clear (übersichtlich) in the book, so I got permission to post them here.
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Mit einer Präsentation von Herrn Professor Neithard Bulst.
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Resenha para o caderno de cultura do jornal Zero Hora (20/07/2002, sábado - caderno de cultura). Porto Alegre: LE GOFF, Jacques/SCHMITT, Jean-Claude (Org.), Dicionário Temático do Ocidente Medieval, Imprensa Oficial de São Paulo/ Edusc,... more
Resenha para o caderno de cultura do jornal Zero Hora (20/07/2002, sábado - caderno de cultura). Porto
Alegre: LE GOFF, Jacques/SCHMITT, Jean-Claude (Org.), Dicionário Temático do Ocidente Medieval,
Imprensa Oficial de São Paulo/ Edusc, 1.316 págs., 2 vols..
Alegre: LE GOFF, Jacques/SCHMITT, Jean-Claude (Org.), Dicionário Temático do Ocidente Medieval,
Imprensa Oficial de São Paulo/ Edusc, 1.316 págs., 2 vols..
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Research Interests: Economic History, German Studies, Medieval History, German History, Medieval Studies, and 13 moreMedieval urban history, Power and Authority in the Middle Ages, History of Elites, Medieval Political Thought, Medieval Germany, Urban Elites, Elites, Social Network Analysis (Medieval Studies), Historia Medieval, Medieval Prosopography, Geschichte des Mittelalters und der Renaissance, Personengeschichte, Stadtgeschichte, Moyen Age, and Cologne at the Middle Ages
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Chronicle of an announced disaster: the collapse of the historical archive of the city of Cologne (Historisches Archiv der Stadt Köln, HAStK)
Research Interests: History, German Studies, Medieval History, German History, Cultural Heritage, and 11 moreMedieval Studies, Urban History, History and Memory, Urban Planning, Urban Studies, Digital Preservation, Digital preservation (Cultural Heritage), Historical Sources, Stadtgeschichte, Geschichte des Mittelalters und der Renaissance, Personengeschichte, Stadtgeschichte, and Cologne
Como em muitas outras cidades medievais, também a cidade alemã de Colônia não permitia a participação política direta das mulheres. Por isso alguns autores, como Le Goff, afirmam que a situação das citadinas – no que diz respeito à... more
Como em muitas outras cidades medievais, também a cidade alemã de Colônia não permitia a participação política direta das mulheres. Por isso alguns autores, como Le Goff, afirmam que a situação das citadinas – no que diz respeito à independência, mobilidade e prestígio – era significativamente inferior à de suas contemporâneas do meio nobiliárquico ou eclesiástico. Pois embora a importância econômica das mulheres como artesãs e comerciantes nas cidades medievais esteja hoje em dia bem estabelecida, é inegável que elas não tinham direitos políticos plenos, já que não podiam ser eleitas para os cargos políticos. No entanto as mulheres das famílias dirigentes contribuíam para a construção destas carreiras políticas, na medida em que participavam, com o seu trabalho, de um esquema de divisão de tarefas que era, muitas vezes, um fator decisivo para a Abkömmlichkeit – e assim para o sucesso – de seus esposos. Assim, embora sem direito à participação política direta, as mulheres participavam indiretamente da vida política da sua cidade. IN: http://www.fazendogenero.ufsc.br/8/st70.html
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Vistas pelos representantes do clero como mais fracas à tentação, as mulheres na idade média eram objeto de discursos moralistas que visavam adequá-las ao papel de esposas e mães. No entanto, num contexto em que os casamentos arranjados... more
Vistas pelos representantes do clero como mais fracas à tentação, as mulheres na idade média eram objeto de discursos moralistas que visavam adequá-las ao papel de esposas e mães. No entanto, num contexto em que os casamentos arranjados imperavam, nem sempre estes papéis eram aceitos de bom grado. Um exemplo disso é o processo contra Luckard, esposa de Johann von Eilsich, aberto na cidade alemã de Colônia, em 1476, devido a adultério, entre outros crimes. No entanto, no processo, o nome do seu amante - também ele casado - não é mencionado. Haveria mais tolerância com o adultério cometido por homens que por mulheres? A comparação do processo de Luckard com outros casos sugere que sim. Estes exemplos indicam que, em se tratando de "crimes sexuais" as conseqüências para os homens e mulheres eram diferentes, com penas maiores para estas. IN> http://www.fazendogenero.ufsc.br/7/st_50.html
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Law and politics are inseparable aspects of human life. But despite the importance of law in social organization, this field is often neglected by historians. The recognition of the importance of juridical texts - such as criminal and... more
Law and politics are inseparable aspects of human life. But despite the importance of law in social organization, this field is often neglected by historians. The recognition of the importance of juridical texts - such as criminal and Inquisition - as a historical source is already a consensus among historians for several decades, especially after the publication of the classic Discipline and Punish, of Michel Foucault and Cheese and the Worms, of Carlo Ginzburg. These works had the great merit of spreading a vision of criminal history as history and as a practical social traversed by relations of power. But until some time ago research prevailed restricted.
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Our images about Middle Ages are generally marked by the polarization between two stereotypes: on the one hand, the Dark Ages, with its fears, pests, endemic hunger, wars and all kinds of calamities; on the other hand, a time of... more
Our images about Middle Ages are generally marked by the polarization between two stereotypes: on the one hand, the Dark Ages, with its fears, pests, endemic hunger, wars and all kinds of calamities; on the other hand, a time of festivity, theatrical and musical activities, colored clothes and stained-glass windows, tournaments, and amour courtois. As a matter of fact, the Middle Ages were both of them. Moreover, the awareness of the life fragility (especially after the Pest) led not only to a search of contemplation and spiritual consolation, but also of pleasure and earthly compensations. Between the two extremes, we can identify a series of gradations and contradictions, for instance regarding how the music and festivities were considered and practiced. The polarization between practical and theoretical knowledge was also noticeable in several fields, such as music and medicine. Depending on the purposes of these activities and on the social group which exerted them, appreciation or depreciation could vary considerably. Therefore, this paper is aimed at considering how music was theorized and what the practice of its interpreters was, in addition to discussing the use of music in urban context, such as in festivities; elements which allow a synthesis of those contradictory and complementary aspects.
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Medieval town’s topography reveals several aspects about the life of the societies that inhabited them, such as corporative organization, religious devotion and social stratification. Most of the occupations were concentrated in specific... more
Medieval town’s topography reveals several aspects about the life of the societies that inhabited them, such as corporative organization, religious devotion and social stratification. Most of the occupations were concentrated in specific streets and districts, around parishes which, in Cologne, beyond its religious function, also played, initially, the role of agglutinating centers for political activities. The ruling group in Cologne, however, opposing that of the artisans, was not concentrated in determined districts; but it was dispersed all over the city. The present contribution tries to expose and analyze this
phenomenon relating it with the social stratification process present in the medieval towns.
phenomenon relating it with the social stratification process present in the medieval towns.
Research Interests: German Studies, Medieval History, Medieval Studies, Urban History, History of Elites, and 11 moreMedieval Germany, Power relations, Topography, Social Network Analysis (Medieval Studies), Historia Medieval, Medieval Cities and Urbanism, Medieval Prosopography, Geschichte des Mittelalters und der Renaissance, Personengeschichte, Stadtgeschichte, Moyen Age, Städtische Führungsgruppen, and Cologne at the Middle Ages
The religiosity, as an integral part of the politic and economic life in Middle Ages is, nowadays, an unquestionable fact. However, only few studies make this association in the study of the urban medieval context, where, as will be... more
The religiosity, as an integral part of the politic and economic life in Middle Ages is, nowadays, an unquestionable fact. However, only few studies make this association in the study of the urban medieval context, where, as will be demonstrated, the religiosity should be thought not only as integral part of the politic and economic life, but also as an element used by the ruling class in the strategies to obtain and maintain status. This can be seen, for in-stance, through the analysis of testaments, registration of the property books, (land and buildings register). The destination of a greater number of sons and daughters to religious life in the most numerous families indicates a con-cern with the inheritance and maintenance of the status. The charitable practices, besides their religious merits, had the role of distin-guish the name of donor and his family in the city's architecture and social life and consoli-dated his social position. These elements rein-force the notion of certain pragmatism in the religious life in this period, besides of being a further indication of the influence of the nobili-ty's model in the urban elite.
Key-words: Religion; politics; ruling classes.
Key-words: Religion; politics; ruling classes.
Research Interests: Medieval History, Religion and Politics, Prosopography, Power and Authority in the Middle Ages, History of Elites, and 9 moreMedieval Germany, Social Network Analysis (Medieval Studies), Historia Medieval, Medieval Cities and Urbanism, Medieval Prosopography, Geschichte des Mittelalters und der Renaissance, Personengeschichte, Stadtgeschichte, Moyen Age, Städtische Führungsgruppen, and Cologne at the Middle Ages
This text ivestigates the relation between the university and the city of Cologne, especially trough the council, the highest authority of municipal administration, between the end of middle ages and the beginnig of modern times. In... more
This text ivestigates the relation between the university and the city of Cologne, especially trough the council, the highest authority of municipal administration, between the end of middle ages and the beginnig of modern times. In addition to show some aspects that are important to the understandig of this relation – in the institutional way – some aspects will be discussed, such as the existence (or non-existence) of na academic upper class in the political millieu and the question how far an academic education played a role to the career in the council or in other administrative and juridical organs in the city. KEYWORDS: University. Power. Society.
Research Interests: German Studies, Medieval History, Medieval Studies, Medieval urban history, Power and Authority in the Middle Ages, and 10 moreHistory of Universities, Elites (Political Science), History of Elites, Medieval Germany, Historia Medieval, Medieval Prosopography, Geschichte des Mittelalters und der Renaissance, Personengeschichte, Stadtgeschichte, Moyen Age, Städtische Führungsgruppen, and Cologne at the Middle Ages
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This work discuss the social history of medicine in the Middle Ages, emphasizing the gradual dislocation process of medicine from the monasteries to the universities. For this aim, some less known aspects of the life and work of the... more
This work discuss the social history of medicine in the Middle Ages, emphasizing the gradual dislocation process of medicine from the monasteries to the universities. For this aim, some less known aspects of the life and work of the german abbess Hildegard von Bingen will be considered: their medical writings. But in order to understand Hildegard and her work is necessary to analyses her within the contexts of the 12th century monasteries. And due to the fact that the praxis as well as the concept of medicine had suffered important changes after that time, it is necessary to compare the medicine in Hildegard’s time – and the prestige that she enjoyed – with the transformations in the next period. In this way, having the analyses of the life and work of Hildegard von Bingen as the central theme, I wish to make a panorama about the medicine in the Middle Age, when it suffered a process of laicization and standardization. This process was marked by the exclusion or subordinate assimilation of specific groups like Jews and women.
Research Interests: German Studies, Gender Studies, Women's Studies, Medieval History, Women's History, and 11 moreGerman History, History of Medicine, Medieval Studies, Medieval Jewish History, Hildegard von Bingen, Medieval Germany, Intelectual History, Historia de la Medicina, Craft Guilds in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, Historia Medieval, and Medieval Medicine and Herbals
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This paper is a reflective study (in the sense it is based on Philosophy and History) about women’s incorporation in a particular sector of the work market – teaching – more specifically in 19 th century, when ocurred its expansion and... more
This paper is a reflective study (in the sense it is based on Philosophy and History) about women’s incorporation in a particular sector of the work market – teaching – more specifically in 19 th century, when ocurred its expansion and secularization. That period is characterized by strong disputes and polemics about not only women’s admittance in colleges, but also about their entry to basic teaching, facts which came to change the wholw coposition of this occupation, traditionally performed by men.
Our study approaches these facts not only in on economic point-of-view – as important authors like Saffioti (1969) and Hobsbawn (1988) did – but adds to it on investigation on the mentality change about women, based on Gay (1988), Carvalho (1990) ad Costa’s (1983) work. In 19 th century, women are no more seen as the prime motive of the human downfall and degeneracy as it was conceived by greek and jewish-christian thought, which had a tragic concreteness through witchcrafting in 16 th and 17 th centuries. Thus, in 19 th century, women became to be considered a “pure” being, unarmed of their old tool, the sexuality.
The central hypothesis of our study is that mentality change was a prerequisite to good opening for women to teach. As a matter of fact, that change keeps many of its traces in present days – for exemple, the ascetic and priest-hood-like ideal that has been created around teaching.
We do not intend, nevertheless, to find answers to all possible questions on this matter. Our work is essentially theoretical; so, our task consists of raising new problems and perspectives rather than make final statements which is incompatible with this field of study. Having this in mind, we have tried to articulate positions which at times seen to be non interchangeable. The resulting lack of perspective of this theoretical non-integration has serious and negative results on new researches, which many times take them inadvertly as reference.
With this understanding, we started from a wide theoretical scope including marxism, history of mentalities and some elements from Freud’s theory as well as contributions from anthropology to the study of woman and education. Grouping these different approaches, we aim at understanding the theme proposed here as a part of a wider dispute which intended to re-define women’s role in society and to provide a new pattern of motherhood which was adequato to the establishment of the National State. This process is analysed here by comparing brazilian and european cases, and it is crucial to notice that it is not finished yet.
Our study approaches these facts not only in on economic point-of-view – as important authors like Saffioti (1969) and Hobsbawn (1988) did – but adds to it on investigation on the mentality change about women, based on Gay (1988), Carvalho (1990) ad Costa’s (1983) work. In 19 th century, women are no more seen as the prime motive of the human downfall and degeneracy as it was conceived by greek and jewish-christian thought, which had a tragic concreteness through witchcrafting in 16 th and 17 th centuries. Thus, in 19 th century, women became to be considered a “pure” being, unarmed of their old tool, the sexuality.
The central hypothesis of our study is that mentality change was a prerequisite to good opening for women to teach. As a matter of fact, that change keeps many of its traces in present days – for exemple, the ascetic and priest-hood-like ideal that has been created around teaching.
We do not intend, nevertheless, to find answers to all possible questions on this matter. Our work is essentially theoretical; so, our task consists of raising new problems and perspectives rather than make final statements which is incompatible with this field of study. Having this in mind, we have tried to articulate positions which at times seen to be non interchangeable. The resulting lack of perspective of this theoretical non-integration has serious and negative results on new researches, which many times take them inadvertly as reference.
With this understanding, we started from a wide theoretical scope including marxism, history of mentalities and some elements from Freud’s theory as well as contributions from anthropology to the study of woman and education. Grouping these different approaches, we aim at understanding the theme proposed here as a part of a wider dispute which intended to re-define women’s role in society and to provide a new pattern of motherhood which was adequato to the establishment of the National State. This process is analysed here by comparing brazilian and european cases, and it is crucial to notice that it is not finished yet.
Research Interests:
Por que bruxas e santas? Porque entre estes dois estereótipos - os dois extremos de uma visão maniqueísta de mundo, no caso aplicada às mulheres - há não apenas um abismo, mas também pontes. Assim como determinadas ervas, remédios e... more
Por que bruxas e santas? Porque entre estes dois estereótipos - os dois extremos de uma visão maniqueísta de mundo, no caso aplicada às mulheres - há não apenas um abismo, mas também pontes. Assim como determinadas ervas, remédios e práticas médicas podem tanto curar quanto piorar o quadro de uma doença ou até mesmo matar, muitas das características atribuídas à santas e bruxas diferem também apenas em grau. Um claro exemplo disso é Joana dArc (na imagem da capa, reproduzida de uma pintura do século XIX de Jules-Eugène Lenepveu), julgada e queimada como herege em 1431 e canonizada cinco séculos mais tarde.
Esse livro trata, principalmente, da questão do ingresso das mulheres no magistério primário laico e do processo de substituição de mão de obra masculina (principalmente no ensino de crianças pequenas, nas séries iniciais) pela feminina, que se inicia neste setor em meados do século XIX, acelerando-se até que, já no século XX, aquela proporção observada inicialmente inverte-se completamente. Para compreender esse fenômeno é necessário analisar, além dos aspectos econômicos do contexto educacional do século XIX, também a discussão, plena de contradições, que movimenta a intelectualidade deste período como uma verdadeira disputa sobre a natureza feminina: boa ou má, lasciva ou ascética. A desmistificação dessa suposta natureza feminina é também um dos objetivos principais deste trabalho.
Esse livro trata, principalmente, da questão do ingresso das mulheres no magistério primário laico e do processo de substituição de mão de obra masculina (principalmente no ensino de crianças pequenas, nas séries iniciais) pela feminina, que se inicia neste setor em meados do século XIX, acelerando-se até que, já no século XX, aquela proporção observada inicialmente inverte-se completamente. Para compreender esse fenômeno é necessário analisar, além dos aspectos econômicos do contexto educacional do século XIX, também a discussão, plena de contradições, que movimenta a intelectualidade deste período como uma verdadeira disputa sobre a natureza feminina: boa ou má, lasciva ou ascética. A desmistificação dessa suposta natureza feminina é também um dos objetivos principais deste trabalho.
Research Interests:
entrevista ao jornalista Marcelo Gonzatto, disponível tb em https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/saude/noticia/2020/03/historiadora-avalia-reacao-a-pandemia-nao-podemos-deixar-o-medo-acabar-com-a-racionalidade-ck80qbiyv06j301pqf4l21cch.html o... more
entrevista ao jornalista Marcelo Gonzatto, disponível tb em https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/saude/noticia/2020/03/historiadora-avalia-reacao-a-pandemia-nao-podemos-deixar-o-medo-acabar-com-a-racionalidade-ck80qbiyv06j301pqf4l21cch.html
o resto da reportagem encontra-se disponível em https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/saude/noticia/2020/03/com-base-em-exemplos-anteriores-veja-que-alteracoes-a-covid-19-pode-trazer-a-sociedade-ck80qaxuq06j201pq9i8hzvdw.html
o resto da reportagem encontra-se disponível em https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/saude/noticia/2020/03/com-base-em-exemplos-anteriores-veja-que-alteracoes-a-covid-19-pode-trazer-a-sociedade-ck80qaxuq06j201pq9i8hzvdw.html