Simone Hauck
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Psiquiatria, Faculty Member
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Research Interests: Psychology and Medicine
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Childhood trauma (CT) and parental bonding (PB) have been correlated with later antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Aiming to better understand this complex interaction we analyzed the data from a cross-sectional study that evaluated... more
Childhood trauma (CT) and parental bonding (PB) have been correlated with later antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Aiming to better understand this complex interaction we analyzed the data from a cross-sectional study that evaluated 346 male inpatient cocaine users, using both traditional statistical analysis and machine learning (ML) approaches. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) were applied. We found a markedly higher prevalence of mental illness in the ASPD group. The ML method and the traditional analysis showed that emotional and physical abuse were the factors with the strongest relationship with ASPD. Also, there were discrepancies between the findings of both methods regarding physical neglect and paternal care. Although this study does not allow definitive answers in this matter, we do propose that these two methods can aid in better comprehending how multiple variables interact with each other in the development of psychological disorders.
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To investigate through the prototype methodology as well as the interaction structures methodology which are the factors involved in the psychotherapeutic progress in the treatment of a patient with chronic diseases and somatic symptoms.... more
To investigate through the prototype methodology as well as the interaction structures methodology which are the factors involved in the psychotherapeutic progress in the treatment of a patient with chronic diseases and somatic symptoms. 62 of the total 120 videotaped sessions were analysed by independent judges using the Psychotherapy Process Q-Set. The interaction structures as well as the extent to which each session conformed to the ideal psychodynamic, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and reflective function prototypes were evaluated through multiple regression analysis, in order to test which factors were able to predict therapeutic progress. The psychotherapeutic process was characterized by moderate adherence to both psychodynamic and CBT prototypes and by greater adherence to the reflective function prototype. The therapeutic progress was better predicted by the adherence to the psychodynamic prototype. Both the psychodynamic technique and the reflective function were prominent factors in this case. Mentalization has been considered a “common factor” among different psychotherapeutic approaches, and our results highlight the importance of considering it along with specific technical aspects. Examining elements of the therapeutic process focusing on the complex interaction among these different aspects can provide helpful new insights into the process factors associated with a favourable outcome.
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Page 1. Perfil Social de Familiares de Pacientes com Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático: Um Estudo Exploratório Silvia C. Halpern1, Alessandra de Matas Soares, Letícia Lovato Dellazzana2, Marlise Kreischmanrf3, Simone ...
Research Interests: Psychology and Humanities
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Research Interests: Psychology and Burnout
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<jats:p>Objective: To evaluate factors potentially associated with burnout in Brazilian&#x0D; physicians and medical students.&#x0D; Methods: In this cross-sectional online survey, participants were evaluated in&#x0D;... more
<jats:p>Objective: To evaluate factors potentially associated with burnout in Brazilian&#x0D; physicians and medical students.&#x0D; Methods: In this cross-sectional online survey, participants were evaluated in&#x0D; October 2019 regarding sociodemographic, personal, work-related, and mental&#x0D; health factors. Different phases of medical careers and work settings were&#x0D; represented. Burnout symptoms were assessed by means of the Maslach Burnout&#x0D; Inventory. The most common cut-off points were used for emotional exhaustion&#x0D; (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA). The total scores&#x0D; of these dimensions were used as dependent variables in order to assess the risk&#x0D; factors for each burnout dimension.&#x0D; Results: 2,486 participants were included in the study. The mean age was 38.92&#x0D; years (SD = 12.64), 62.8% were female, and 39.9% declared themselves as burned&#x0D; out. EE was present in 59.3%, DP in 45.5%, and low PA in 33.1% of the sample.&#x0D; Workload, age, sex, work environment, psychiatric history, quality of the&#x0D; relationships with family and friends, leisure and physical activity were all&#x0D; associated with burnout. Those participants who reported that they were not&#x0D; undergoing any type of psychological treatment, but nevertheless felt like they&#x0D; should be in treatment, actually had more symptoms. Burnout was also related to&#x0D; having suicidal ideation in the last month and to alcohol abuse.&#x0D; Conclusion: In addition to individual risk factors, this study shows the importance&#x0D; of characteristics of the work environment such as fostering cooperation, empathy&#x0D; and shared values between superiors, institutions, and physicians. Also, stigma&#x0D; and the barriers to seeking care appear as an important issue, as well as the&#x0D; association between burnout, alcohol abuse, and suicidal ideation.</jats:p>
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ObjectiveTo identify factors associated with a history of suicide attempt in medical students.MethodsA Web‐based survey was sent out to a sample of medical students. A multi‐predictor Poisson regression was performed to identify factors... more
ObjectiveTo identify factors associated with a history of suicide attempt in medical students.MethodsA Web‐based survey was sent out to a sample of medical students. A multi‐predictor Poisson regression was performed to identify factors associated with a history of suicide attempt. In addition, an elastic net regularization was used to build a risk calculator to identify students at risk for attempted suicide.ResultsA total of 4,840 participants were included in the study. Prevalence of suicide attempts in the sample was 8.94%. Risk factors associated with past suicide attempt in the multi‐predictor Poisson regression were as follows: female gender (P < 0.001); homosexuality (P < 0.001); low income (P = 0.026); bullying by university peers (P = 0.006); childhood (P = 0.001) or adult (P = 0.001) trauma; family history of suicide (P = 0.005); suicidal ideation within the last month (P < 0.001); daily tobacco use (P = 0.037); and being at severe risk for alcohol abuse (P = 0.0...
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Research Interests: Psychology and Medicina
Objectives. – The primary objective of this study was to compare the estimates of Problematic Internet Use (PIU) from 14 countries around the world, considering gender. The second objective was to explore the relationships between PIU and... more
Objectives. – The primary objective of this study was to compare the estimates of Problematic Internet Use (PIU) from 14 countries around the world, considering gender. The second objective was to explore the relationships between PIU and personality-related variables (pathological personality traits, defense mechanisms, coping strategies, and self-esteem). Materials and methods. – Our total sample consisted of 7726 participants (30.8% male, n = 2378), aged between 18 and 86 years old (M = 25.55; SD = 9.8). Recruited online, they completed several scales about their Internet use, defense mechanisms and coping strategies, self-esteem, and pathological personality traits. Results. – The PIU accounted for between 20.5% and 75% of participants using the PIUQ-9, while ‘‘selfperception’’ of PIU with a single item revealed estimates from 2% to 60.1%, with gender differences. Systematically, PIU significantly correlated with two variables: borderline personality traits (from .09 at P &lt; .05 to .42 at P &lt; .01) and immature defense mechanisms (from .13 to .42 at P &lt; .01). Dependent, avoidant, narcissistic, histrionic, and antisocial personality traits were positive predictors of PIU and selfesteem, paranoid and schizoid personalities were negative predictors.
Research Interests: Psychology, Personality Psychology, Gender Studies, Internet Studies, Addiction, and 15 morePersonality, Coping Strategies, Personality Disorders, Gender, Borderline Personality Disorder, Internet Addiction, Problematic Internet Use, Coping, Addiction Behaviour, Big Five Personality Traits, Cross cultural studies, Defense Mechanisms, Defense, Clinical Sciences, and Internet
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the construct validity of the Assessment of Countertransference Scale (ACS) in the context of the trauma care, through the identification of the underlying latent constructs of... more
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the construct validity of the Assessment of Countertransference Scale (ACS) in the context of the trauma care, through the identification of the underlying latent constructs of the measured items and their homogeneity. Methods: ACS assesses 23 feelings of CT in three factors: closeness, rejection and indifference. ACS was applied to 50 residents in psychiatry after the first appointment with 131 victims of trauma consecutively selected during 4 years. ACS was analyzed by exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis, internal consistence and convergent-discriminant validity. Results: In spite of the fact that closeness items obtained the highest scores, the EFA showed that the factor rejection (24% of variance, α = 0.88) presented a more consistent intercorrelation of the items, followed by closeness (15% of variance, α = 0.82) and, a distinct factor, sadness (9% of variance, α = 0.72). Thus, a modified version w...
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Page 1. Perfil Social de Familiares de Pacientes com Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático: Um Estudo Exploratório Silvia C. Halpern1, Alessandra de Matas Soares, Letícia Lovato Dellazzana2, Marlise Kreischmanrf3, Simone ...
Research Interests: Psychology and Humanities
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Objective: This article concerns the translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and apparent validation of the Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale (TABS), an instrument used to assess the psychological effects of traumatic life experiences... more
Objective: This article concerns the translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and apparent validation of the Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale (TABS), an instrument used to assess the psychological effects of traumatic life experiences and vicarious trauma. Methods: This study involved literature review and evaluation of conceptual and item equivalences involving expert discussion groups focused on the existence and pertinence of the underlying theoretical concepts and corresponding items in a Brazilian context. Two translations and respective back-translations were performed during the evaluation of semantic equivalence, as well as an evaluation considering the referential and general equivalences between the original TABS and each version. Twenty-eight psychiatrists and psychologists completed a pretest. The final version was tested for reliability through the Cronbach’s alpha and for verbal comprehension through the adapted verbal-numeric scale (ranging from 0 [I didn’t understan...
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Resumo: Com a comprovação da eficácia de diferentes modelos de psicoterapia para o tratamento dos distúrbios psiquiátricos, ferramentas de pesquisa que viabilizem a investigação das especificidades dos diferentes métodos são essenciais... more
Resumo: Com a comprovação da eficácia de diferentes modelos de psicoterapia para o tratamento dos distúrbios psiquiátricos, ferramentas de pesquisa que viabilizem a investigação das especificidades dos diferentes métodos são essenciais para determinar qual tratamento é o mais adequado a um paciente em particular. Método: A partir da revisão da literatura, da discussão com experts, da realização de grupos focais e das aplicações iniciais, foi elaborada uma Versão Piloto do Instrumento de Avaliação para Psicoterapia ...
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Internet addiction (IA) is the lack of ability to control Internet use and involvement leading to progressive loss of control. With negative social effects, Internet addicts use the Web as a social and communication tool, once they... more
Internet addiction (IA) is the lack of ability to control Internet use and involvement leading to progressive loss of control. With negative social effects, Internet addicts use the Web as a social and communication tool, once they experience higher levels of pleasure and satisfaction when online than in real life1. We report the case of F., 15, from Sao Paulo, an only child who had been confined at home for 2 years for being online (average, 12-18 hrs/day, maximum, 38 hrs uninterruptedly). In addition to excessively worrying about the Internet (Criterion #1), he also showed a constant need for increasing online time (Criterion #2) and eventually lost control over use (Criterion # 3). With his parents split, he stopped going to school for 2 years (Criterion #6) and would not leave his room, where he got online. The Internet gave him relief by providing an escape from his life problems (Criterion #8). Irritated when his mother unplugged the computer (Criterion # 4), he physically att...