Jean Nicolas Haas
University of Innsbruck, Institut für Botanik, Faculty Member
- Botanist, and Quaternary Palaeoecologistedit
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Bioarchaeolog
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The Berglibalm rock shelter is located in the municipality of Muotathal in the Bisistal valley at an altitude of 1140 m a. s. l. The areas excavated in 2015 and 2019 measured 5 m2 and yielded the remains of an Early Mesolithic layer... more
The Berglibalm rock shelter is located in the municipality of Muotathal in the Bisistal valley at an altitude of 1140 m a. s. l. The areas excavated in 2015 and 2019 measured 5 m2 and yielded the remains of an Early Mesolithic layer dating from around 8766 to 7596 BC. The charcoal concentrations recorded showed that hazel and maple were the main species used for firewood. The excavation also unearthed many well-preserved faunal remains, a small quantity of plant macrofossils and a lithic assemblage comprising 535 artefacts including 15 microliths. The raw material analysis revealed that the hunter-gatherers preferred local and regional raw materials including fine-grained quartzite (»Ölquarzit«). Some long-distance imports attested to contacts to the Chur and Vorarlberg regions in the east, the Ticino in the south and the Upper Rhine Valley or southern Black Forest region in the north. The rock shelter served as a campsite for Mesolithic hunters targeting ibex, chamois, deer and wil...
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medieval structures in Alpine aera, earthquake, radiocarbon, archaeology, survey
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Two cores were drilled on rock glacier Lazaun in the southern Ötztal Alps (N Italy). The average ice content of core Lazaun I is 43 vol.% and of core Lazaun II is 22 vol.%. Radiocarbon dating of plant macrofossil remains of core Lazaun I... more
Two cores were drilled on rock glacier Lazaun in the southern Ötztal Alps (N Italy). The average ice content of core Lazaun I is 43 vol.% and of core Lazaun II is 22 vol.%. Radiocarbon dating of plant macrofossil remains of core Lazaun I yielded ages ranging from 8960 cal yr BP at a depth of ca. 23.5 m to 2240 cal yr BP at a depth of 2.8 m, indicating that the ice near the base is approximately 10,300 yr old. The rock glacier was intact since that time and the ice persisted even during warm periods of the Holocene. An ice-free debris layer between 16.8 and 14.7 m separates the rock glacier into two frozen bodies. Inclinometer measurements indicate that both frozen bodies are active and that deformation occurs within a shear horizon at a depth of 20–25 m at the base of the lower frozen body and to a minor extent at a depth of approximately 14 m at the base of the upper frozen body. The ice-free debris layer in the middle of the Lazaun rock glacier indicates a more than five centennia...
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Agro-pastoral activities in the past act as environmental legacy and have shaped the current cultural landscape in the European Alps. This study reports about prehistoric fire incidents and their impact on the flora and vegetation near... more
Agro-pastoral activities in the past act as environmental legacy and have shaped the current cultural landscape in the European Alps. This study reports about prehistoric fire incidents and their impact on the flora and vegetation near the village of Ardez in the Lower Engadine Valley (Switzerland) since the Late Neolithic Period. Pollen, charcoal particles and non-pollen palynomorphs preserved in the Saglias and Cutüra peat bog stratigraphies were quantified and the results compared with the regional archaeological evidence. Anthropogenic deforestation using fire started around 4850 cal. BP at Saglias and aimed at establishing first cultivated crop fields (e.g. cereals) and small pastoral areas as implied by the positive correlation coefficients between charcoal particles and cultural and pastoral pollen indicators, as well as spores of coprophilous fungi. Pressure on the natural environment by humans and livestock continued until 3650 cal. BP and was followed by reforestation proc...
Research Interests: Geography, Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Geology, Climate Change, and 15 moreGeoarchaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Environmental History, Paleobotany, Fire Ecology, Neolithic Archaeology, Paleoethnobotany, Alpine Archaeology, Prehistory, Iron Age, Bronze Age, Holocene, Crop Science, Pollen analysis, and European Alps
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Mesolithic site in Canton Schwyz, Muotathal, roch-shelter, early Mesolithic, animal bones, microlithes
Late Middle Ages, early modern times, archaeological Survey, Alpine pasture, deserted alpine farmsteads
Le site d'Einsiedeln-Langruti (SZ), au bord du Sihlsee, a ete identifie en 1980 grâce a la presence de nombreux silex, decouverts en surface, sur loa rive du lac. L'etude typologique de ce materiel lithique indique deux phases... more
Le site d'Einsiedeln-Langruti (SZ), au bord du Sihlsee, a ete identifie en 1980 grâce a la presence de nombreux silex, decouverts en surface, sur loa rive du lac. L'etude typologique de ce materiel lithique indique deux phases d'occupation, la premiere durant le Magdalenien final, la seconde au cours du Mesolithique ancien. Un des interets du gisement reside dans sa position geographique, en contexte prealpin, a une altitude de 889 m. En 1994, le Musee national decide d'effectuer un sondage afin d'evaluer l'etat de conservation du site, menace d'erosion sous l'effet des fortes variations saisonnieres du niveau du lac. La fouille a livre, a une profondeur de 20 cm environ, une industrie a pointes a dos du Magdalenien final, exclusivement, sans aucun element mesolithique. Les restes osseux ne sont pas conserves en raison de l'acidite du sol. Enfin, il n'a pas ete possible de deceler de niveaux d'habitat : comme le montrent les analyses pedologiques et palynologiques, la sedimentation, apres l'abandon du site a ete tres lente ; de plus des fentes de dessication ont affecte la position du materiel archeologique en provoquant des deplacements verticaux
L’interet renouvele porte aux hauts plateaux volcaniques du Velay oriental (Massif central, France) a permis de mettre en evidence une nouvelle sequence sedimentaire issue de la tourbiere de La Narce du Beage, en Ardeche. Plusieurs... more
L’interet renouvele porte aux hauts plateaux volcaniques du Velay oriental (Massif central, France) a permis de mettre en evidence une nouvelle sequence sedimentaire issue de la tourbiere de La Narce du Beage, en Ardeche. Plusieurs carottages ont ete menes afin de realiser une etude pluridisciplinaire a haute resolution. Cet article presente les donnees sedimentologiques (lithologie, estimation du taux de matiere organique, granulometrie, susceptibilite magnetique) obtenues sur la sequence D (357 cm de profondeur), extraite pres de l’exutoire de la zone humide. Ces resultats s’appuient sur une serie de dix datations radiocarbone AMS. Cette etude constitue une premiere etape du travail de reconstitution de l’evolution de l’environnement local depuis la charniere Pleniglaciaire superieur / Tardiglaciaire. L’enregistrement sedimentaire montre un atterrissement progressif de l’etendue lacustre datant du Tardiglaciaire (apres 18 000 ans cal. BP) et l’augmentation graduelle de la teneur e...
Research Interests: Geology and Quaternaire
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This article was submitted without an abstract, please refer to the full-text PDF file.
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Lake Nussbaumersee, located SW of Lake Constance (Switzerland/Germany), was studied at high temporal resolution for non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) within a calcareous gyttja sediment core from the deepest part of the lake. At the... more
Lake Nussbaumersee, located SW of Lake Constance (Switzerland/Germany), was studied at high temporal resolution for non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) within a calcareous gyttja sediment core from the deepest part of the lake. At the Nussbaumersee lakeshore, three pile-dwelling settlements have been excavated and dendrochronologically dated (to the Neolithic, 3840–3695 bc; late Early Bronze Age, 1580–1538 bc; and Late Bronze Age, 850–780 bc). The NPP study revealed three peaks of cyanobacteria, likely related to three settlement phases causing phosphate eutrophication of the lake water. The fast decline in cyanobacteria and reduction in green algae blooms after the abandonment of the Neolithic village and the quick recovery of the lake water back to oligotrophic conditions indicate a high prehistoric resilience of the lake ecosystem. After the second eutrophication phase starting around 2500 bc, the density of NPP eutrophication indicators remained at much higher levels, probably showin...
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... Titre du document / Document title. Pollen and plant macrofossil evidence of vegetation change at Wallisellen-Langachermoos (Switzerland) during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition 8500 to 6500 years ago Auteur(s) / Author(s). Haas... more
... Titre du document / Document title. Pollen and plant macrofossil evidence of vegetation change at Wallisellen-Langachermoos (Switzerland) during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition 8500 to 6500 years ago Auteur(s) / Author(s). Haas Jean-Nicolas ; Revue / Journal Title. ...
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Collection of conference abstracts presented at the vDEUQUA2021 (2021-09-30 to 2021-09-01), the virtual meeting of the German Quaternary Association (DEUQUA).
Mesolithic site in Canton Schwyz, Muotathal, roch-shelter, early Mesolithic, animal bones, microlithes
Late Middle Ages, early modern times, archaeological Survey, Alpine pasture, deserted alpine farmsteads
Le site d'Einsiedeln-Langruti (SZ), au bord du Sihlsee, a ete identifie en 1980 grâce a la presence de nombreux silex, decouverts en surface, sur loa rive du lac. L'etude typologique de ce materiel lithique indique deux phases... more
Le site d'Einsiedeln-Langruti (SZ), au bord du Sihlsee, a ete identifie en 1980 grâce a la presence de nombreux silex, decouverts en surface, sur loa rive du lac. L'etude typologique de ce materiel lithique indique deux phases d'occupation, la premiere durant le Magdalenien final, la seconde au cours du Mesolithique ancien. Un des interets du gisement reside dans sa position geographique, en contexte prealpin, a une altitude de 889 m. En 1994, le Musee national decide d'effectuer un sondage afin d'evaluer l'etat de conservation du site, menace d'erosion sous l'effet des fortes variations saisonnieres du niveau du lac. La fouille a livre, a une profondeur de 20 cm environ, une industrie a pointes a dos du Magdalenien final, exclusivement, sans aucun element mesolithique. Les restes osseux ne sont pas conserves en raison de l'acidite du sol. Enfin, il n'a pas ete possible de deceler de niveaux d'habitat : comme le montrent les analyses pedologiques et palynologiques, la sedimentation, apres l'abandon du site a ete tres lente ; de plus des fentes de dessication ont affecte la position du materiel archeologique en provoquant des deplacements verticaux
L’interet renouvele porte aux hauts plateaux volcaniques du Velay oriental (Massif central, France) a permis de mettre en evidence une nouvelle sequence sedimentaire issue de la tourbiere de La Narce du Beage, en Ardeche. Plusieurs... more
L’interet renouvele porte aux hauts plateaux volcaniques du Velay oriental (Massif central, France) a permis de mettre en evidence une nouvelle sequence sedimentaire issue de la tourbiere de La Narce du Beage, en Ardeche. Plusieurs carottages ont ete menes afin de realiser une etude pluridisciplinaire a haute resolution. Cet article presente les donnees sedimentologiques (lithologie, estimation du taux de matiere organique, granulometrie, susceptibilite magnetique) obtenues sur la sequence D (357 cm de profondeur), extraite pres de l’exutoire de la zone humide. Ces resultats s’appuient sur une serie de dix datations radiocarbone AMS. Cette etude constitue une premiere etape du travail de reconstitution de l’evolution de l’environnement local depuis la charniere Pleniglaciaire superieur / Tardiglaciaire. L’enregistrement sedimentaire montre un atterrissement progressif de l’etendue lacustre datant du Tardiglaciaire (apres 18 000 ans cal. BP) et l’augmentation graduelle de la teneur e...
Research Interests: Geology and Quaternaire
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This article was submitted without an abstract, please refer to the full-text PDF file.