Jean Nicolas Haas
University of Innsbruck, Institut für Botanik, Faculty Member
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Bioarchaeolog
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The Berglibalm rock shelter is located in the municipality of Muotathal in the Bisistal valley at an altitude of 1140 m a. s. l. The areas excavated in 2015 and 2019 measured 5 m2 and yielded the remains of an Early Mesolithic layer... more
The Berglibalm rock shelter is located in the municipality of Muotathal in the Bisistal valley at an altitude of 1140 m a. s. l. The areas excavated in 2015 and 2019 measured 5 m2 and yielded the remains of an Early Mesolithic layer dating from around 8766 to 7596 BC. The charcoal concentrations recorded showed that hazel and maple were the main species used for firewood. The excavation also unearthed many well-preserved faunal remains, a small quantity of plant macrofossils and a lithic assemblage comprising 535 artefacts including 15 microliths. The raw material analysis revealed that the hunter-gatherers preferred local and regional raw materials including fine-grained quartzite (»Ölquarzit«). Some long-distance imports attested to contacts to the Chur and Vorarlberg regions in the east, the Ticino in the south and the Upper Rhine Valley or southern Black Forest region in the north. The rock shelter served as a campsite for Mesolithic hunters targeting ibex, chamois, deer and wil...
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medieval structures in Alpine aera, earthquake, radiocarbon, archaeology, survey
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Two cores were drilled on rock glacier Lazaun in the southern Ötztal Alps (N Italy). The average ice content of core Lazaun I is 43 vol.% and of core Lazaun II is 22 vol.%. Radiocarbon dating of plant macrofossil remains of core Lazaun I... more
Two cores were drilled on rock glacier Lazaun in the southern Ötztal Alps (N Italy). The average ice content of core Lazaun I is 43 vol.% and of core Lazaun II is 22 vol.%. Radiocarbon dating of plant macrofossil remains of core Lazaun I yielded ages ranging from 8960 cal yr BP at a depth of ca. 23.5 m to 2240 cal yr BP at a depth of 2.8 m, indicating that the ice near the base is approximately 10,300 yr old. The rock glacier was intact since that time and the ice persisted even during warm periods of the Holocene. An ice-free debris layer between 16.8 and 14.7 m separates the rock glacier into two frozen bodies. Inclinometer measurements indicate that both frozen bodies are active and that deformation occurs within a shear horizon at a depth of 20–25 m at the base of the lower frozen body and to a minor extent at a depth of approximately 14 m at the base of the upper frozen body. The ice-free debris layer in the middle of the Lazaun rock glacier indicates a more than five centennia...
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Agro-pastoral activities in the past act as environmental legacy and have shaped the current cultural landscape in the European Alps. This study reports about prehistoric fire incidents and their impact on the flora and vegetation near... more
Agro-pastoral activities in the past act as environmental legacy and have shaped the current cultural landscape in the European Alps. This study reports about prehistoric fire incidents and their impact on the flora and vegetation near the village of Ardez in the Lower Engadine Valley (Switzerland) since the Late Neolithic Period. Pollen, charcoal particles and non-pollen palynomorphs preserved in the Saglias and Cutüra peat bog stratigraphies were quantified and the results compared with the regional archaeological evidence. Anthropogenic deforestation using fire started around 4850 cal. BP at Saglias and aimed at establishing first cultivated crop fields (e.g. cereals) and small pastoral areas as implied by the positive correlation coefficients between charcoal particles and cultural and pastoral pollen indicators, as well as spores of coprophilous fungi. Pressure on the natural environment by humans and livestock continued until 3650 cal. BP and was followed by reforestation proc...
Research Interests: Geography, Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Geology, Climate Change, and 15 moreGeoarchaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Environmental History, Paleobotany, Fire Ecology, Neolithic Archaeology, Paleoethnobotany, Alpine Archaeology, Prehistory, Iron Age, Bronze Age, Holocene, Crop Science, Pollen analysis, and European Alps
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Mesolithic site in Canton Schwyz, Muotathal, roch-shelter, early Mesolithic, animal bones, microlithes
Late Middle Ages, early modern times, archaeological Survey, Alpine pasture, deserted alpine farmsteads
Le site d'Einsiedeln-Langruti (SZ), au bord du Sihlsee, a ete identifie en 1980 grâce a la presence de nombreux silex, decouverts en surface, sur loa rive du lac. L'etude typologique de ce materiel lithique indique deux phases... more
Le site d'Einsiedeln-Langruti (SZ), au bord du Sihlsee, a ete identifie en 1980 grâce a la presence de nombreux silex, decouverts en surface, sur loa rive du lac. L'etude typologique de ce materiel lithique indique deux phases d'occupation, la premiere durant le Magdalenien final, la seconde au cours du Mesolithique ancien. Un des interets du gisement reside dans sa position geographique, en contexte prealpin, a une altitude de 889 m. En 1994, le Musee national decide d'effectuer un sondage afin d'evaluer l'etat de conservation du site, menace d'erosion sous l'effet des fortes variations saisonnieres du niveau du lac. La fouille a livre, a une profondeur de 20 cm environ, une industrie a pointes a dos du Magdalenien final, exclusivement, sans aucun element mesolithique. Les restes osseux ne sont pas conserves en raison de l'acidite du sol. Enfin, il n'a pas ete possible de deceler de niveaux d'habitat : comme le montrent les analyses pedologiques et palynologiques, la sedimentation, apres l'abandon du site a ete tres lente ; de plus des fentes de dessication ont affecte la position du materiel archeologique en provoquant des deplacements verticaux
L’interet renouvele porte aux hauts plateaux volcaniques du Velay oriental (Massif central, France) a permis de mettre en evidence une nouvelle sequence sedimentaire issue de la tourbiere de La Narce du Beage, en Ardeche. Plusieurs... more
L’interet renouvele porte aux hauts plateaux volcaniques du Velay oriental (Massif central, France) a permis de mettre en evidence une nouvelle sequence sedimentaire issue de la tourbiere de La Narce du Beage, en Ardeche. Plusieurs carottages ont ete menes afin de realiser une etude pluridisciplinaire a haute resolution. Cet article presente les donnees sedimentologiques (lithologie, estimation du taux de matiere organique, granulometrie, susceptibilite magnetique) obtenues sur la sequence D (357 cm de profondeur), extraite pres de l’exutoire de la zone humide. Ces resultats s’appuient sur une serie de dix datations radiocarbone AMS. Cette etude constitue une premiere etape du travail de reconstitution de l’evolution de l’environnement local depuis la charniere Pleniglaciaire superieur / Tardiglaciaire. L’enregistrement sedimentaire montre un atterrissement progressif de l’etendue lacustre datant du Tardiglaciaire (apres 18 000 ans cal. BP) et l’augmentation graduelle de la teneur e...
Research Interests: Geology and Quaternaire
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This article was submitted without an abstract, please refer to the full-text PDF file.
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Lake Nussbaumersee, located SW of Lake Constance (Switzerland/Germany), was studied at high temporal resolution for non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) within a calcareous gyttja sediment core from the deepest part of the lake. At the... more
Lake Nussbaumersee, located SW of Lake Constance (Switzerland/Germany), was studied at high temporal resolution for non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) within a calcareous gyttja sediment core from the deepest part of the lake. At the Nussbaumersee lakeshore, three pile-dwelling settlements have been excavated and dendrochronologically dated (to the Neolithic, 3840–3695 bc; late Early Bronze Age, 1580–1538 bc; and Late Bronze Age, 850–780 bc). The NPP study revealed three peaks of cyanobacteria, likely related to three settlement phases causing phosphate eutrophication of the lake water. The fast decline in cyanobacteria and reduction in green algae blooms after the abandonment of the Neolithic village and the quick recovery of the lake water back to oligotrophic conditions indicate a high prehistoric resilience of the lake ecosystem. After the second eutrophication phase starting around 2500 bc, the density of NPP eutrophication indicators remained at much higher levels, probably showin...
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... Titre du document / Document title. Pollen and plant macrofossil evidence of vegetation change at Wallisellen-Langachermoos (Switzerland) during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition 8500 to 6500 years ago Auteur(s) / Author(s). Haas... more
... Titre du document / Document title. Pollen and plant macrofossil evidence of vegetation change at Wallisellen-Langachermoos (Switzerland) during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition 8500 to 6500 years ago Auteur(s) / Author(s). Haas Jean-Nicolas ; Revue / Journal Title. ...
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Collection of conference abstracts presented at the vDEUQUA2021 (2021-09-30 to 2021-09-01), the virtual meeting of the German Quaternary Association (DEUQUA).
Mesolithic site in Canton Schwyz, Muotathal, roch-shelter, early Mesolithic, animal bones, microlithes
Late Middle Ages, early modern times, archaeological Survey, Alpine pasture, deserted alpine farmsteads
Le site d'Einsiedeln-Langruti (SZ), au bord du Sihlsee, a ete identifie en 1980 grâce a la presence de nombreux silex, decouverts en surface, sur loa rive du lac. L'etude typologique de ce materiel lithique indique deux phases... more
Le site d'Einsiedeln-Langruti (SZ), au bord du Sihlsee, a ete identifie en 1980 grâce a la presence de nombreux silex, decouverts en surface, sur loa rive du lac. L'etude typologique de ce materiel lithique indique deux phases d'occupation, la premiere durant le Magdalenien final, la seconde au cours du Mesolithique ancien. Un des interets du gisement reside dans sa position geographique, en contexte prealpin, a une altitude de 889 m. En 1994, le Musee national decide d'effectuer un sondage afin d'evaluer l'etat de conservation du site, menace d'erosion sous l'effet des fortes variations saisonnieres du niveau du lac. La fouille a livre, a une profondeur de 20 cm environ, une industrie a pointes a dos du Magdalenien final, exclusivement, sans aucun element mesolithique. Les restes osseux ne sont pas conserves en raison de l'acidite du sol. Enfin, il n'a pas ete possible de deceler de niveaux d'habitat : comme le montrent les analyses pedologiques et palynologiques, la sedimentation, apres l'abandon du site a ete tres lente ; de plus des fentes de dessication ont affecte la position du materiel archeologique en provoquant des deplacements verticaux
L’interet renouvele porte aux hauts plateaux volcaniques du Velay oriental (Massif central, France) a permis de mettre en evidence une nouvelle sequence sedimentaire issue de la tourbiere de La Narce du Beage, en Ardeche. Plusieurs... more
L’interet renouvele porte aux hauts plateaux volcaniques du Velay oriental (Massif central, France) a permis de mettre en evidence une nouvelle sequence sedimentaire issue de la tourbiere de La Narce du Beage, en Ardeche. Plusieurs carottages ont ete menes afin de realiser une etude pluridisciplinaire a haute resolution. Cet article presente les donnees sedimentologiques (lithologie, estimation du taux de matiere organique, granulometrie, susceptibilite magnetique) obtenues sur la sequence D (357 cm de profondeur), extraite pres de l’exutoire de la zone humide. Ces resultats s’appuient sur une serie de dix datations radiocarbone AMS. Cette etude constitue une premiere etape du travail de reconstitution de l’evolution de l’environnement local depuis la charniere Pleniglaciaire superieur / Tardiglaciaire. L’enregistrement sedimentaire montre un atterrissement progressif de l’etendue lacustre datant du Tardiglaciaire (apres 18 000 ans cal. BP) et l’augmentation graduelle de la teneur e...
Research Interests: Geology and Quaternaire
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This article was submitted without an abstract, please refer to the full-text PDF file.
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Lake Nussbaumersee, located SW of Lake Constance (Switzerland/Germany), was studied at high temporal resolution for non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) within a calcareous gyttja sediment core from the deepest part of the lake. At the... more
Lake Nussbaumersee, located SW of Lake Constance (Switzerland/Germany), was studied at high temporal resolution for non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) within a calcareous gyttja sediment core from the deepest part of the lake. At the Nussbaumersee lakeshore, three pile-dwelling settlements have been excavated and dendrochronologically dated (to the Neolithic, 3840–3695 bc; late Early Bronze Age, 1580–1538 bc; and Late Bronze Age, 850–780 bc). The NPP study revealed three peaks of cyanobacteria, likely related to three settlement phases causing phosphate eutrophication of the lake water. The fast decline in cyanobacteria and reduction in green algae blooms after the abandonment of the Neolithic village and the quick recovery of the lake water back to oligotrophic conditions indicate a high prehistoric resilience of the lake ecosystem. After the second eutrophication phase starting around 2500 bc, the density of NPP eutrophication indicators remained at much higher levels, probably showin...
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... Titre du document / Document title. Pollen and plant macrofossil evidence of vegetation change at Wallisellen-Langachermoos (Switzerland) during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition 8500 to 6500 years ago Auteur(s) / Author(s). Haas... more
... Titre du document / Document title. Pollen and plant macrofossil evidence of vegetation change at Wallisellen-Langachermoos (Switzerland) during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition 8500 to 6500 years ago Auteur(s) / Author(s). Haas Jean-Nicolas ; Revue / Journal Title. ...
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The Fernbank Interglacial section (42º33'00N, 76°37'12W) by Lake Cayuga, near Ithaca, New York, is a rare North American interglacial locality, presumably Sangamonian and early Wisconsinan (ca. 130,000-115,000 years BP). It is... more
The Fernbank Interglacial section (42º33'00N, 76°37'12W) by Lake Cayuga, near Ithaca, New York, is a rare North American interglacial locality, presumably Sangamonian and early Wisconsinan (ca. 130,000-115,000 years BP). It is therefore of special interest for the reconstruction of ...
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O'Connell, M and Molloy, K and Holmes, JA and Jones, R and Leuenberger, M and Eicher, U and Schettler, G and Saarinen, T and McDermott, F and van der Plicht, J and Chambers, FM and Hunt, JB and Daniell, JRG and van Geel, B and Haas,... more
O'Connell, M and Molloy, K and Holmes, JA and Jones, R and Leuenberger, M and Eicher, U and Schettler, G and Saarinen, T and McDermott, F and van der Plicht, J and Chambers, FM and Hunt, JB and Daniell, JRG and van Geel, B and Haas, JN and Dalton, C (2001) Evidence from the TIMECHS project for climatic instability during the early Holocene at the Atlantic fringe of Europe. Terra Nostra , 2001/3 159 - 161. ... Full text not available from this repository. ... Evidence from the TIMECHS project for climatic instability during the early Holocene at the Atlantic ...
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Timing and mechanisms of Holocene climate change in NW Europe (TIMECHS): multidisciplinary investigations of calcareous, lake sediments from Inis Oírr, Aran Islands, W. Ireland. ... O'Connell, M and Molloy, K and Holmes, JA and... more
Timing and mechanisms of Holocene climate change in NW Europe (TIMECHS): multidisciplinary investigations of calcareous, lake sediments from Inis Oírr, Aran Islands, W. Ireland. ... O'Connell, M and Molloy, K and Holmes, JA and Jones, R and Saarinen, T and Roberts, M and McDermott, F and Hawkesworth, CJ and Barton, K and Leuenberger, M and Eicher, U and Chambers, FM and Hunt, JB and van der Plicht, J and van Geel, B and Schettler, G and Dalton, C and Battarbee, RW and Dörfler, W and Usinger, H and Haas, JN (2000) Timing ...
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Over 300 goat/sheep faeces from the Neolithic lake-shore settlement of Arbon Bleiche 3 (3384–3370 bc) were analysed for macrofossils and 22 of them for pollen. Two main types of fodder could be detected, which were both consumed in... more
Over 300 goat/sheep faeces from the Neolithic lake-shore settlement of Arbon Bleiche 3 (3384–3370 bc) were analysed for macrofossils and 22 of them for pollen. Two main types of fodder could be detected, which were both consumed in winter. The more frequent type is characterized by remains of blackberry ( Rubus fruticosus s. l.) probably showing the use of pasture in the near surroundings of the settlement. The second type is dominated by leaf fragments of silver fir ( Abies alba) and by pollen and anthers of early-flowering shrubs such as hazel ( Corylus avellana) and alder ( Alnus sp.), pointing in the latter cases to additional foddering of twigs to livestock inside the settlement in times of shortage. Comparison with other Neolithic sites of Switzerland reveals differences that may indicate local adaptations in the keeping of goats or sheep.
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Uber die Subsistenzwirtschaft der Bevolkerung des 3. und 2. Jahrtausends v. Chr. (dem Ende der Jungsteinzeit und dem Beginn der Bronzezeit) liegen bislang nur wenige bioarchaologische Daten vor. Die augenscheinliche Dominanz von Grabern... more
Uber die Subsistenzwirtschaft der Bevolkerung des 3. und 2. Jahrtausends v. Chr. (dem Ende der Jungsteinzeit und dem Beginn der Bronzezeit) liegen bislang nur wenige bioarchaologische Daten vor. Die augenscheinliche Dominanz von Grabern und Grabfunden und das fast vollstandige Fehlen von Siedlungsnachweisen fur diese Zeit fuhrt seit mehr als 70 Jahren zu Diskussionen und verschiedenen Erklarungsmodellen. Eine dieser Hypothesen geht davon aus, dass die Menschen der Schnurkeramik- und Glockenbecherzeit Viehhirten waren und als ein reisendes Volk von Bogenschutzen angesehen werden mussen. Dem stellen wir hier Resultate aus gut datierten palaookologischen Untersuchungen entgegen, die klar beweisen, dass in Mitteleuropa (zwischen der Schweiz und Danemark, sowie zwischen Rhein und Oder) im 3. und 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr. ein voll funktionierendes Landwirtschaftssystem existiert hat. Dies bedeutet auch, dass die Siedlungen permanent bewohnt waren und die Bewohner auf den lokalen Anbau von Ku...
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The question of the origin of Alpine farming and pastoral activities associated with seasonal vertical transhumance and dairy production in the Silvretta Alps (Eastern Switzerland) has recently benefitted from renewed interest. There,... more
The question of the origin of Alpine farming and pastoral activities associated with seasonal vertical transhumance and dairy production in the Silvretta Alps (Eastern Switzerland) has recently benefitted from renewed interest. There, pastoral practises began during the Late Neolithic (2300 BC), but alpine dairy farming was directly evidenced so far only since the Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age (1300–500 BC). The vegetation development, timberline shifts at 2280 m a.s.l. and environmental conditions of the subalpine Urschai Valley (Canton of Grisons, Switzerland) were reconstructed for the small (8 m2) Plan da Mattun fen based on palynological and geochemical analyses for the last six millennia. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses are among the first ones performed on a European peatland in such altitudes. A high Rb/Sr ratio in the fen peat sediments revealed an increase in catchment erosion during the time when the forests of the Upper Urschai Valley were steadily diminished prob...
Research Interests: Human Ecology, Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Geology, Palynology, and 14 moreNeolithic Archaeology, Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Palaeoecology, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy, Alpine Archaeology, Pastoralism (Archaeology), European Prehistory (Archaeology), Prehistory, Iron Age, Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, Holocene, Radiocarbon Dating (Archaeology), Transhumance, and Dairy Products
A paleoecological study (macrofossils, pollen, cryptogam spores, non-pollen palynomorphs) was performed to investigate environmental changes recorded on the peat deposits of the La Narce du Béage mire (Massif Central, France). We... more
A paleoecological study (macrofossils, pollen, cryptogam spores, non-pollen palynomorphs) was performed to investigate environmental changes recorded on the peat deposits of the La Narce du Béage mire (Massif Central, France). We reconstructed the development of a limnogenous mire ecosystem during the Holocene, consequently to the infilling of a small Late Glacial lake. Successions from aquatic flora ( Isoëtes, Nitella opaca/ syncarpa, Botryococcus, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Potamogeton, Sparganium) to mire plant species ( Alnus glutinosa, Betula nana, Betula pubescens, Cyperaceae, Ericaceae, Sphagnum) underlined a gradual eutrophication and acidification during the lowering of the water table. We demonstrated a clear link between these local hydro-ecological changes and the early Holocene climatic warming. Also dealing with archeology, we provided key issues for the identification of human-induced environmental changes. Three phases of ecological disturbances with clearings of the ...
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Glacigenic perialpine lakes can constitute continuous post-last glacial maximum (LGM) geological archives which allow reconstruction of both lake-specific sedimentological processes and the paleoenvironmental setting of lakes. Lake... more
Glacigenic perialpine lakes can constitute continuous post-last glacial maximum (LGM) geological archives which allow reconstruction of both lake-specific sedimentological processes and the paleoenvironmental setting of lakes. Lake Mondsee is one among several perialpine lakes in the Salzkammergut, Upper Austria, and has been previously studied in terms of paleoclimate, paleolimnology and (paleo)ecology. However, the full extent and environment of Late Glacial to Holocene sediment deposition had remained unknown, and it was not clear whether previously studied core sections were fully representative of 3D sediment accumulation patterns. In this study, the sedimentary infill of Lake Mondsee was examined via high-resolution seismic reflection survey over a 57-km extent (3.5 kHz pinger source) and a sediment core extracted from the deepest part of the lake, with a continuous length of 13.76 m. In the northern basin, seismic penetration is strongly limited in most areas because of abund...
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Within the framework of core-drilling through the permafrost of the active rock glacier Murtèl–Corvatsch in the Swiss Alps, subfossil stem remains of seven different bryophyte species were found at a depth of 6 m below surface and about 3... more
Within the framework of core-drilling through the permafrost of the active rock glacier Murtèl–Corvatsch in the Swiss Alps, subfossil stem remains of seven different bryophyte species were found at a depth of 6 m below surface and about 3 m below the permafrost table in samples from massive ice. The composition of the moss species points to the former growth of the recovered mosses in the nearest surroundings of the drill site. A total of 127 pollen and spores captured by the mosses and representing 23 taxa were determined. The local vegetation during deposition time must be characterized as a moss-rich alpine grassland meadow rich in Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Asteraceae, comparable to today’s flora present around the study site. Forl4C analysis, accelerator mass spectrometry had to be used due to the small sample mass (about 0.5 mg Carbon content). The mean conventional14C age of 2250 ± 100 years (1σvariability) corresponds to ranges in the calibrated calendar age of ...
Research Interests: Geology, Geomorphology, Glaciology, Carbon, Permafrost, and 5 moreRock Glacier, Pollen analysis, Glacier, Swiss Alps, and Cores
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Research Interests: Quaternary and Holocene
Research on the Pleistocene Salzach-Glacier has already started in the late 19th century by Eduard Brückner. In the 20th century a detailed geomorphological map was presented, and in 1975 a loess profile at the village of Duttendorf... more
Research on the Pleistocene Salzach-Glacier has already started in the late 19th century by Eduard Brückner. In the 20th century a detailed geomorphological map was presented, and in 1975 a loess profile at the village of Duttendorf (Upper Austria) was examined for the first time, showing a 14C-age of about 22.650±100 yrs (uncalibrated). Recent stratigraphical datings show similar results, although the sediment may be strongly disturbed by water action and probably contains several hiati. Pollen analysis of the upper five meters of the profile points to a diverse flora with a mix of wetland and steppe conditions. In a depth of 5 meters, a specimen of the fungal spore of Asterosporium was found, and may give additional information on the ecological conditions at the study site.
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Research Interests: Geography, Palaeoclimatology, Archaeology, Geology, Climate Change, and 15 moreEnvironmental Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Climate Change Adaptation, Mesolithic Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, Palaeoecology, Alpine Archaeology, Palaeobotany, Iron Age, Alps, Human Impact on Environment, Holocene, High Mountain Archaeology, Non Pollen Palynomorphs, and High Alpine Archaeology
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A lake-level record for the late Holocene at Lake Ledro (Trentino, northeastern Italy) is presented. It is based on the sediment and pollen analysis of a 1.75 m high stratigraphic section observed on the southern shore (site Ledro I) and... more
A lake-level record for the late Holocene at Lake Ledro (Trentino, northeastern Italy) is presented. It is based on the sediment and pollen analysis of a 1.75 m high stratigraphic section observed on the southern shore (site Ledro I) and a 3.2 m long sediment core taken from a littoral mire on the southeastern shore (site Ledro II). The chronology is derived from 15 radiocarbon dates and pollen stratigraphy. The late-Holocene composite record established from these two sediment sequences gives evidence of centennial-scale fluctuations with highstands at c. 3400, 2600, 1700, 1200 and 400 cal. BP, in agreement with various palaeohydrological records established in central and northern Italy, as well as north of theAlps. In addition, high lake-level conditions at c. 2000 cal. BP may be the equivalent of stronger river discharge observed at the same time in Central Italy’s rivers. In agreement with the lake-level record of Accesa (Tuscany), the Ledro record also suggests a relatively co...
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A lake-level record of Lake Ledro (northern Italy) spans the entire Holocene with a chronology derived from 51 radiocarbon dates. It is based on a specific sedimentological approach that combines data from five sediment profiles sampled... more
A lake-level record of Lake Ledro (northern Italy) spans the entire Holocene with a chronology derived from 51 radiocarbon dates. It is based on a specific sedimentological approach that combines data from five sediment profiles sampled in distinct locations in the littoral zone. On a millennial scale, the lake-level record shows two successive periods from 11,700 to 4500 cal yr BP and from 4500 cal yr BP to the present, characterized by lower and higher average lake levels, respectively. In addition to key seasonal and inter-hemispherical changes in insolation, the major hydrological change around 4500 cal yr BP may be related to a non-linear response of the climate system to orbitally-driven gradual decrease in insolation. The Ledro record questions the notion of an accentuated summer rain regime in the northern Mediterranean borderlands during the boreal insolation maximum. Moreover, the Ledro record highlights that the Holocene was punctuated by successive centennial-scale highs...
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ABSTRACT Seit 2007 untersucht ein internationales Forschungsprojekt in der Silvretta zwischen der Schweiz und Österreich die Spuren der ersten Hirten. Dabei wird immer mehr die hohe Anzahl und Qualität alpiner Denkmäler aus mittlerweile... more
ABSTRACT Seit 2007 untersucht ein internationales Forschungsprojekt in der Silvretta zwischen der Schweiz und Österreich die Spuren der ersten Hirten. Dabei wird immer mehr die hohe Anzahl und Qualität alpiner Denkmäler aus mittlerweile 11 Jahrtausenden deutlich - von Lagern steinzeitlicher Jagdgruppen bis zur ältesten Alphütte der Schweiz.
Research Interests: Geography, Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), and 13 morePalaeoecology, Alpine Archaeology, Iron Age, Austrian History, Bronzezeit, Switzerland, Frühmittelalter, Eisenzeit, Montafon, Engadin, Alpine Archäologie, Paznaun, and Archäologie Schweiz
The Fernbank interglacial site, on the west side of Cayuga Lake, New York, has been recently subjected to more detailed study. To a lengthened mollusc list are added ostracodes, insects, fish, pollen, and plant macrofossils. Of these,... more
The Fernbank interglacial site, on the west side of Cayuga Lake, New York, has been recently subjected to more detailed study. To a lengthened mollusc list are added ostracodes, insects, fish, pollen, and plant macrofossils. Of these, plants are well preserved and diverse, whereas other groups are poorly preserved and incomplete. Nevertheless, all support the interglacial assignment (Sangamon), which is further supported by minimum age radiocarbon dates (>50,000 14C yr BP) and a TL date of 81±11 ka. In the plant record near the top of the sequence, abundant tree charcoal indicates forest fires. Like the Toronto interglacial record, the plants show a declining July mean temperature from 24 to 18°C (according to transfer functions) through the sequence, from mixed deciduous forest to boreal forest.
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K. Kowarik, J. Maurer, H. Pohl, C. Dworsky, J. Leskovar, K. Löcker, G. Seidl da Fonseca, J. Klammer, C. Daxer, M. Strasser, M. Claire-Ries, B. Dietre, J.-N. Haas, I. Trinks und T. Taylor, Beyond Lake Villages in the Neolithic of Austria, PAST. The newsletter of the Prehistoric Society 85, 2017, 1–3.more
K. Kowarik, J. Maurer, H. Pohl, C. Dworsky, J. Leskovar, K. Löcker, G. Seidl da Fonseca, J. Klammer, C. Daxer, M. Strasser, M. Claire-Ries, B. Dietre, J.-N. Haas, I. Trinks und T. Taylor, Beyond Lake Villages in the Neolithic of Austria,... more
K. Kowarik, J. Maurer, H. Pohl, C. Dworsky, J. Leskovar, K. Löcker, G. Seidl da Fonseca, J. Klammer, C. Daxer, M. Strasser, M. Claire-Ries, B. Dietre, J.-N. Haas, I. Trinks und T. Taylor, Beyond Lake Villages in the Neolithic of Austria, PAST. The newsletter of the Prehistoric Society 85, 2017, 1–3.
Research Interests:
medieval structures in Alpine aera, earthquake, radiocarbon, archaeology, survey
For several years the site Bruszczewo, Greater Poland, has been excavated yielding an Early Bronze Age settlement of supra-regional importance situated at a oxbow lake. The exploration – of partly wet area preservation – confirmed a... more
For several years the site Bruszczewo, Greater Poland, has been excavated yielding an Early Bronze Age settlement of
supra-regional importance situated at a oxbow lake. The exploration – of partly wet area preservation – confirmed a
closed fortification system comprising a ditch, palisades and a three lined fortification in the wet area. Furthermore,
it was possible to excavate the first houses and wooden constructions of Early Bronze Age Poland. 14C-analyses and
dendrochronological data describe the chronological development of the settlement. Based on palynology, macrofossils
and dendrology the reconstruction of the environment is possible: the forested environment changed to open landscape.
In the lake profile impurities indicate a toxic water quality, which – towards the end of the settlement – might have
led to an ecological collapse.
supra-regional importance situated at a oxbow lake. The exploration – of partly wet area preservation – confirmed a
closed fortification system comprising a ditch, palisades and a three lined fortification in the wet area. Furthermore,
it was possible to excavate the first houses and wooden constructions of Early Bronze Age Poland. 14C-analyses and
dendrochronological data describe the chronological development of the settlement. Based on palynology, macrofossils
and dendrology the reconstruction of the environment is possible: the forested environment changed to open landscape.
In the lake profile impurities indicate a toxic water quality, which – towards the end of the settlement – might have
led to an ecological collapse.
Research Interests:
Research on the Pleistocene Salzach-Glacier has already started in the late 19th century by Eduard Brückner. In the 20th century a detailed geomorphological map was presented, and in 1975 a loess profile at the village of Duttendorf... more
Research on the Pleistocene Salzach-Glacier has already started in the late 19th century by Eduard Brückner. In the 20th century a detailed geomorphological map was presented, and in 1975 a loess profile at the village of Duttendorf (Upper Austria) was examined for the first time, showing a 14C-age of about 22.650±100 yrs (uncalibrated). Recent stratigraphical datings show similar results, although
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Late Middle Ages, early modern times, archaeological Survey, Alpine pasture, deserted alpine farmsteads
late palaeolithic site at the shore of lake Sihlsee, Einsiedeln, mesolithic site, collection of Mister Schamböck
Mesolithic site in Canton Schwyz, Muotathal, roch-shelter, early Mesolithic, animal bones, microlithes
Structure of an Early Iron Age building, 1911 m a.s.l., palaeoecological analyses, radiocarbond dates.
Early mesolithic site in Muotathal, Canotn Schwyz. Fireplaces, bones, 14C-dates, 9th millenium BC.
L’intérêt renouvelé porté aux hauts plateaux volcaniques du Velay oriental (Massif Central, France) a permis de mettre en évidence une nouvelle séquence sédimentaire issue de la tourbière de La Narce du Béage, en Ardèche. Plusieurs... more
L’intérêt renouvelé porté aux hauts plateaux volcaniques du Velay oriental (Massif Central, France) a permis de mettre en évidence une nouvelle séquence sédimentaire issue de la tourbière de La Narce du Béage, en Ardèche. Plusieurs carottages ont été menés afin de réaliser une étude pluridisciplinaire à haute résolution. Cet article présente les données sédimentologiques (lithologie, estimation du taux de matière organique, granulométrie, susceptibilité magnétique) obtenues sur la séquence D (357 cm de profondeur), extraite près de l’exutoire de la zone humide. Ces résultats s’appuient sur une série de dix datations radiocarbone AMS. Cette étude constitue une première étape du travail de reconstitution de l’évolution de l’environnement local depuis la charnière Pléniglaciaire supérieur / Tardiglaciaire.
L’enregistrement sédimentaire montre un atterrissement progressif de l’étendue lacustre datant du Tardiglaciaire (après 18 000 cal. BP) et l’augmentation graduelle de la teneur en matière organique dès 14 700 cal. BP. Le développement d’une tourbière a lieu au cours de l’Holocène ancien, à partir de 10 800 cal. BP. Les analyses permettent de mettre en évidence les changements bioclimatiques majeurs du Tardiglaciaire et de l’Holocène ancien aux échelles locale et régionale. Ces évènements sont marqués par un rythme élevé du taux d’accumulation des sédiments non-organiques (TANO) : au cours du Dryas ancien, à partir de la transition Bølling / Allerød et du Dryas récent. Au cours du Préboréal et du Boréal, quatre principaux épisodes d’accumulation minérale sont situés entre (1) 11 200 – 10 800 cal. BP, (2) 10 400 – 10 300 cal. BP, (3) 9 900 – 9 150 cal. BP et (4) 9 000 – 8 200 cal. BP. Le pic majeur de TANO du dernier épisode (4), daté postérieurement à 8650 – 8400 cal. BP, pourrait correspondre à l’évènement climatique de 8 200 cal. BP. À partir de l’Holocène moyen, à la fin de l’Atlantique ancien (au cours du Néolithique), se produit un ralentissement de la turfigenèse et de l’accumulation des sédiments. Dès lors, seules des évolutions locales de l’environnement, en relation avec l’évolution du couvert végétal d’origine climatique et/ou anthropique, sont retranscrites. Enfin, les perturbations liées à l’accroissement récent de la pression anthropique sur la zone humide (XIXe et XXe siècles) ne permettent plus de saisir distinctement les changements paléoenvironnementaux au cours de l’Holocène récent.
L’enregistrement sédimentaire montre un atterrissement progressif de l’étendue lacustre datant du Tardiglaciaire (après 18 000 cal. BP) et l’augmentation graduelle de la teneur en matière organique dès 14 700 cal. BP. Le développement d’une tourbière a lieu au cours de l’Holocène ancien, à partir de 10 800 cal. BP. Les analyses permettent de mettre en évidence les changements bioclimatiques majeurs du Tardiglaciaire et de l’Holocène ancien aux échelles locale et régionale. Ces évènements sont marqués par un rythme élevé du taux d’accumulation des sédiments non-organiques (TANO) : au cours du Dryas ancien, à partir de la transition Bølling / Allerød et du Dryas récent. Au cours du Préboréal et du Boréal, quatre principaux épisodes d’accumulation minérale sont situés entre (1) 11 200 – 10 800 cal. BP, (2) 10 400 – 10 300 cal. BP, (3) 9 900 – 9 150 cal. BP et (4) 9 000 – 8 200 cal. BP. Le pic majeur de TANO du dernier épisode (4), daté postérieurement à 8650 – 8400 cal. BP, pourrait correspondre à l’évènement climatique de 8 200 cal. BP. À partir de l’Holocène moyen, à la fin de l’Atlantique ancien (au cours du Néolithique), se produit un ralentissement de la turfigenèse et de l’accumulation des sédiments. Dès lors, seules des évolutions locales de l’environnement, en relation avec l’évolution du couvert végétal d’origine climatique et/ou anthropique, sont retranscrites. Enfin, les perturbations liées à l’accroissement récent de la pression anthropique sur la zone humide (XIXe et XXe siècles) ne permettent plus de saisir distinctement les changements paléoenvironnementaux au cours de l’Holocène récent.
Research Interests:
A lake-level record of Lake Ledro (northern Italy) spans the entire Holocene with a chronology derived from 51 radiocarbon dates. It is based on a specific sedimentological approach that combines data from five sediment profiles sampled... more
A lake-level record of Lake Ledro (northern Italy) spans the entire Holocene with a chronology derived from 51 radiocarbon
dates. It is based on a specific sedimentological approach that combines data from five sediment profiles
sampled in distinct locations in the littoral zone. On a millennial scale, the lake-level record shows two successive
periods from 11,700 to 4500 cal yr BP and from 4500 cal yr BP to the present, characterized by lower and higher
average lake levels, respectively. In addition to key seasonal and inter-hemispherical changes in insolation, the
major hydrological change around 4500 cal yr BP may be related to a non-linear response of the climate system
to orbitally-driven gradual decrease in insolation. The Ledro record questions the notion of an accentuated summer
rain regime in the northern Mediterranean borderlands during the boreal insolation maximum. Moreover, the
Ledro record highlights that the Holocene was punctuated by successive centennial-scale highstands. Correlations
with the Preboreal oscillation and the 8.2 ka event, and comparisonwith the atmospheric 14C residual record, suggest
that short-lived lake-level fluctuations developed at Ledro in response to (1) final steps of the deglaciation in
the North Atlantic area and (2) variations in solar activity.
dates. It is based on a specific sedimentological approach that combines data from five sediment profiles
sampled in distinct locations in the littoral zone. On a millennial scale, the lake-level record shows two successive
periods from 11,700 to 4500 cal yr BP and from 4500 cal yr BP to the present, characterized by lower and higher
average lake levels, respectively. In addition to key seasonal and inter-hemispherical changes in insolation, the
major hydrological change around 4500 cal yr BP may be related to a non-linear response of the climate system
to orbitally-driven gradual decrease in insolation. The Ledro record questions the notion of an accentuated summer
rain regime in the northern Mediterranean borderlands during the boreal insolation maximum. Moreover, the
Ledro record highlights that the Holocene was punctuated by successive centennial-scale highstands. Correlations
with the Preboreal oscillation and the 8.2 ka event, and comparisonwith the atmospheric 14C residual record, suggest
that short-lived lake-level fluctuations developed at Ledro in response to (1) final steps of the deglaciation in
the North Atlantic area and (2) variations in solar activity.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Abstract: A lake-level record for the late Holocene at Lake Ledro (Trentino, northeastern Italy) is presented. It is based on the sediment and pollen analysis of a 1.75 m high stratigraphic section observed on the southern shore (site... more
Abstract: A lake-level record for the late Holocene at Lake Ledro (Trentino, northeastern Italy) is presented. It
is based on the sediment and pollen analysis of a 1.75 m high stratigraphic section observed on the southern
shore (site Ledro I) and a 3.2 m long sediment core taken from a littoral mire on the southeastern shore (site
Ledro II). The chronology is derived from 15 radiocarbon dates and pollen stratigraphy. The late-Holocene
composite record established from these two sediment sequences gives evidence of centennial-scale fluctuations
with highstands at c. 3400, 2600, 1700, 1200 and 400 cal. BP, in agreement with various palaeohydrological
records established in central and northern Italy, as well as north of the Alps. In addition, high lake-level
conditions at c. 2000 cal. BP may be the equivalent of stronger river discharge observed at the same time in
Central Italy’s rivers. In agreement with the lake-level record of Accesa (Tuscany), the Ledro record also suggests
a relatively complex palaeohydrological pattern for the period around 4000 cal. BP. On a millennial scale,
sediment hiatuses observed in the lower part of the Ledro I sediment sequence indicate that, except for a highstand
occurring just after 7500 cal. BP, lower lake levels generally prevailed rather before c. 4000 cal. BP than
afterwards. Finally, the lake-level data obtained at Lake Ledro indicate that the relative continuity of settlements
in humid areas of northern Italy during the Bronze Age (in contrast to their general abandonment north of the
Alps between c. 3450 and 3150 cal. BP), does not reflect different regional patterns of climatic and palaeohydrological
conditions. In contrast, the rise in lake level dated to c. 3400 cal. BP at Ledro appears to coincide
with a worldwide climate reversal, observed in both the hemispheres, while palaeoenvironmental and archaeological
data collected at Lake Ledro may suggest, as a working hypothesis, a relative emancipation of protohistoric
societies from climatic conditions.
is based on the sediment and pollen analysis of a 1.75 m high stratigraphic section observed on the southern
shore (site Ledro I) and a 3.2 m long sediment core taken from a littoral mire on the southeastern shore (site
Ledro II). The chronology is derived from 15 radiocarbon dates and pollen stratigraphy. The late-Holocene
composite record established from these two sediment sequences gives evidence of centennial-scale fluctuations
with highstands at c. 3400, 2600, 1700, 1200 and 400 cal. BP, in agreement with various palaeohydrological
records established in central and northern Italy, as well as north of the Alps. In addition, high lake-level
conditions at c. 2000 cal. BP may be the equivalent of stronger river discharge observed at the same time in
Central Italy’s rivers. In agreement with the lake-level record of Accesa (Tuscany), the Ledro record also suggests
a relatively complex palaeohydrological pattern for the period around 4000 cal. BP. On a millennial scale,
sediment hiatuses observed in the lower part of the Ledro I sediment sequence indicate that, except for a highstand
occurring just after 7500 cal. BP, lower lake levels generally prevailed rather before c. 4000 cal. BP than
afterwards. Finally, the lake-level data obtained at Lake Ledro indicate that the relative continuity of settlements
in humid areas of northern Italy during the Bronze Age (in contrast to their general abandonment north of the
Alps between c. 3450 and 3150 cal. BP), does not reflect different regional patterns of climatic and palaeohydrological
conditions. In contrast, the rise in lake level dated to c. 3400 cal. BP at Ledro appears to coincide
with a worldwide climate reversal, observed in both the hemispheres, while palaeoenvironmental and archaeological
data collected at Lake Ledro may suggest, as a working hypothesis, a relative emancipation of protohistoric
societies from climatic conditions.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
In a high altitude region such as the Silvretta Alps (Switzerland/Austria), past and extant settlement activities are known to have had large influences on the alpine flora and vegetation. The Silvretta Massif harbors more than 230... more
In a high altitude region such as the Silvretta Alps (Switzerland/Austria), past and extant settlement activities are known to have had large influences on the alpine flora and vegetation. The Silvretta Massif harbors more than 230 archaeological sites above 2000 m a.s.l. on a total area of 550 km2, from the Mesolithic period to Modern Times, but received little attention in these matters up to recently. The Fimba Valley within the Silvretta area e with 47 known archaeological sites (6 prehistoric, 21 from the Medieval and/or Modern Times, 20 undated) located over an area of 62 km2 e provides evidence of a broad range of former human presence, as well as peat records allowing the reconstruction of Holocene climatic change and anthropogenic impact on past vegetation. Here, we present a high resolution, multiproxy study (including pollen, cryptogam spores, and non-pollen palynomorphs) on a 177-cm-long radiocarbon dated peat core from the Las Gondas Bog in the Fimba Valley (2363 m a.s.l.). Palynological evidence adds and confirms previous dendrochronological results, revealing extensive high Pinus cembra (Arolla pine) stands around the bog at 10,400 cal BP and between ca. 8600e6700 cal. BP, more than 300 altitudinal meters above today’s timberline, and belonging therefore to the highest population known for Central Europe. In addition, our palaeoecological results correlate well with the archaeologically known human impact during the Neolithic, Iron Age and Medieval periods. The exploitation of alpine landscape resources (cultivation of cereals in the valleys) and livestock grazing (in the subalpine and alpine areas) has therefore a long tradition going back at least for 6200 years in the Silvretta region.
Research Interests:
For several years the site Bruszczewo, Greater Poland, has been excavated yielding an Early Bronze Age settlement of supra-regional importance situated at a oxbow lake. The exploration – of partly wet area preservation – confirmed a... more
For several years the site Bruszczewo, Greater Poland, has been excavated yielding an Early Bronze Age settlement of
supra-regional importance situated at a oxbow lake. The exploration – of partly wet area preservation – confirmed a
closed fortification system comprising a ditch, palisades and a three lined fortification in the wet area. Furthermore,
it was possible to excavate the first houses and wooden constructions of Early Bronze Age Poland. 14C-analyses and
dendrochronological data describe the chronological development of the settlement. Based on palynology, macrofossils
and dendrology the reconstruction of the environment is possible: the forested environment changed to open landscape.
In the lake profile impurities indicate a toxic water quality, which – towards the end of the settlement – might have
led to an ecological collapse.
supra-regional importance situated at a oxbow lake. The exploration – of partly wet area preservation – confirmed a
closed fortification system comprising a ditch, palisades and a three lined fortification in the wet area. Furthermore,
it was possible to excavate the first houses and wooden constructions of Early Bronze Age Poland. 14C-analyses and
dendrochronological data describe the chronological development of the settlement. Based on palynology, macrofossils
and dendrology the reconstruction of the environment is possible: the forested environment changed to open landscape.
In the lake profile impurities indicate a toxic water quality, which – towards the end of the settlement – might have
led to an ecological collapse.
Oral communication for the Archeometry colloquium at Besançon (France, 2015)
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Haas J.N., Giesecke T., Karg S.: Die mitteleuropäische Subsistenzwirtschaft des 3. bis 2. Jahrtausends v. Chr. aus paläoökologischer Sicht. In: J. Müller (ed.) Vom Endneolithikum zur Frühbronzezeit: Muster sozialen Wandels? Universitätsforschungen zur prähistorischen Archäologie 90, 2002, 21-28.more
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Research Interests:
Curves for Holocene lake levels and salinity changes are presented for An Loch Mór, a small oligohaline lake on the Aran Islands off the west coast of Ireland, based on palaeoecological investigations of a 12m long, lake-sediment core.... more
Curves for Holocene lake levels and salinity changes are presented for An Loch Mór, a small oligohaline lake on the Aran Islands off the west coast of Ireland, based on palaeoecological investigations of a 12m long, lake-sediment core. New insights are also provided into Holocene sea-level change in the Galway Bay region. Particular emphasis has been placed on the ostracod fauna, both past and present. Salinity and lake-level changes were reconstructed from the fossil ostracod assemblages, based on the known tolerances ...
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Eight synchronous pre-Roman cold phases were found at 9600–9200, 8600–8150, 7550–6900, 6600– 6200, 5350–4900, 4600–4400, 3500–3200 and 2600–2350 radiocarbon years BP by reconstructing past climate at two sites on the Swiss Plateau and at... more
Eight synchronous pre-Roman cold phases were found at 9600–9200, 8600–8150, 7550–6900, 6600– 6200, 5350–4900, 4600–4400, 3500–3200 and 2600–2350 radiocarbon years BP by reconstructing past climate at two sites on the Swiss Plateau and at timberline in the Alps. The cooling events during the early-and mid-Holocene represent temperature values similar to today, and apparently the onset of cooling events represents a
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Curves for Holocene lake levels and salinity changes are presented for An Loch Mór, a small oligohaline lake on the Aran Islands off the west coast of Ireland, based on palaeoecological investigations of a 12m long, lake-sediment core.... more
Curves for Holocene lake levels and salinity changes are presented for An Loch Mór, a small oligohaline lake on the Aran Islands off the west coast of Ireland, based on palaeoecological investigations of a 12m long, lake-sediment core. New insights are also provided into Holocene sea-level change in the Galway Bay region. Particular emphasis has been placed on the ostracod fauna, both past and present. Salinity and lake-level changes were reconstructed from the fossil ostracod assemblages, based on the known tolerances ...
Research Interests:
... Bleiche. This may also explain the sudden burial of the Neolithic Alpine Iceman (Oetzi) recently found in the Tyrolean Alps (Höpfel et al., 1992), a contemporary of the Arbon Bleiche people. The Arbon-Bleiche 3 site. The site ...