- Prof. d-r NADE PROEVA
ul. F. Ruzvelt, br. 36, I-6
Mk -1000 Skopje
Nade Proeva
Ss. Cyril & Methodius University in Skopje, Ancient History, Faculty Member
- BIOGRAPHY Prof. Dr. Nade Proeva was a full professor (from 1984, now emeritus) of ancient history at Skopje Universit... moreBIOGRAPHY
Prof. Dr. Nade Proeva was a full professor (from 1984, now emeritus) of ancient history at Skopje University (Ss. Cyril and Methodius University). She is born in Resen, R. Macedonia, where she followed elementary, secondary, and high school. After obtaining a B.A. degree in archaeology, she completed her M.A. in archaeology and PH in ancient history at the Faculty of Philosophy - Belgrade University (Yugoslavia). Continuing her research from 1979 to 1981 she stayed in Paris (Sorbonne) specializing in mythology, epigraphy, and numismatics. From 1977 worked in international cooperation programs on excavations at the large settlements sites in Macedonia, Serbia, Poland and Greece (French archaeological school) as well on the project Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani, (Archeological Institute of Belgrade). The international programs take place in cooperation with the Centre of Epigraphy and Numismatics of the Faculty of Philosophy at Belgrade University and the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts (MANU) in association with Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU) and Berlin Academy of Sciences (BAW) carried out fieldwork on inscriptions from Roman province of Macedonia for the edition Inscriptiones Graecae.
Up to now, Prof. Dr.Nade Proeva has published about 100 scientific papers, four books on the history of Macedonia (three on ancient period, one of modern and contemporary) as well as the traductions of the three French-language books from French into Macedonian concerning the history of ancient Macedonia; 21 book reviews on the ancient period, 6 books reviews in the press, about 20 Journalistic shorter writing, she gave about 20 interviews. She is editor of the 10 books and a member of the editorial board of the journals in Serbia, and Croatia.
In 1997 she was awarded by the French government with the title “Chevalier des palmes academiques”.edit
Research Interests: Iconography and Art
This paper deals with a neglected issue in historiography: the manner of naming people in the medieval multi-ethnic states on the example of Bulgari (Bulgarian), Bulgarini/ Bulgareis (Bulgarinians / Bulgareians, as well as with the... more
This paper deals with a neglected issue in historiography:
the manner of naming people in
the medieval multi-ethnic states on the example
of Bulgari (Bulgarian), Bulgarini/ Bulgareis
(Bulgarinians / Bulgareians, as well as with the
practice of claiming rulers’ titles in the Middle
Ages and with the name of Macedonians in
medieval sources. The misinterpretation of legal
state names (Bulgarian, Byzantine, Ottoman)
as the race-related, ethnic designations of the
Balkan peoples that were used until the creation
of the modern nation-state is pointed out, as
well the lack of studies on this issue.
the manner of naming people in
the medieval multi-ethnic states on the example
of Bulgari (Bulgarian), Bulgarini/ Bulgareis
(Bulgarinians / Bulgareians, as well as with the
practice of claiming rulers’ titles in the Middle
Ages and with the name of Macedonians in
medieval sources. The misinterpretation of legal
state names (Bulgarian, Byzantine, Ottoman)
as the race-related, ethnic designations of the
Balkan peoples that were used until the creation
of the modern nation-state is pointed out, as
well the lack of studies on this issue.
Research Interests:
We publish the epitaph of Aulus Pontius Eutichas found in secondary use - built in tower no. 3 of the southwestern - frontal - rampart of Stobi (Municipium Stobensium) in the Roman province of Macedonia. It was discovered during the... more
We publish the epitaph of Aulus Pontius Eutichas found in secondary use - built in tower no. 3 of the southwestern - frontal - rampart of Stobi (Municipium Stobensium) in the Roman province of Macedonia. It was discovered during the excavation and conservation of this part of the ramparts in 2002, which was carried out by the Republic Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of the Republic of Macedonia, today the National Institution - Conservation Center.
The work is written in Serbian, with a summary in English.
The work is written in Serbian, with a summary in English.
Research Interests:
The paper is written in honor of and in tribute to my former student, the late Aleksandar Stojcev, a History Ph.D. specializing in military history. In that sense the paper focuses on the participation of Macedonians in the First World... more
The paper is written in honor of and in tribute to my former student, the late Aleksandar Stojcev, a History Ph.D. specializing in military history. In that sense the paper focuses on the participation of Macedonians in the First World War, until recently overlooked by historians and ignored by politicians of western EU countries who continue to follow the politics of their time. In this way, they both support the denial of the Macedonian name, language and identity by Macedonia's neighbors who have never been satisfied with the "solution" of the Macedonian question ever since the Balkan wars. Professor Alexandаr Stojcev was an honorable exception to the rule.
The massive participation of the Macedonians under the flag of the neighboring states during the Balkan wars, in the hope of being liberated from the Ottomans, came to nothing as, with the consent of the Great powers, Macedonia's ethnic territory was divided among the neighboring states - a state of things which was then cemented by the First World War. Many historians, trapped in their national or even nationalist historiographies, are silent about neighbours' propaganda among the Macedonian people, using their churches on Macedonian soil to carry out forced assimilation, supported by the terror of infiltrated armed squads. They are also silent about both the civilian and military victims of these wars, justifying all this by the alleged lack of a national conscience among Macedonians, while neglecting in the process the testimonies to the existence of the latter.
The massive participation of the Macedonians under the flag of the neighboring states during the Balkan wars, in the hope of being liberated from the Ottomans, came to nothing as, with the consent of the Great powers, Macedonia's ethnic territory was divided among the neighboring states - a state of things which was then cemented by the First World War. Many historians, trapped in their national or even nationalist historiographies, are silent about neighbours' propaganda among the Macedonian people, using their churches on Macedonian soil to carry out forced assimilation, supported by the terror of infiltrated armed squads. They are also silent about both the civilian and military victims of these wars, justifying all this by the alleged lack of a national conscience among Macedonians, while neglecting in the process the testimonies to the existence of the latter.
Research Interests:
The subject of this article (written in french) is the iconographic motif of the hunting horseman, widespread in Thrace on votive monuments in Roman times, commonly referred to as the “Thracian horseman”. The same motif, except for a few... more
The subject of this article (written in french) is the iconographic motif of the hunting horseman, widespread in Thrace on votive monuments in Roman times, commonly referred to as the “Thracian horseman”. The same motif, except for a few details, is found on funerary monuments in Macedonia, which is why this horseman on these monuments has been interpreted as a Thracian deity, despite the absence of justifications. In Macedonia, this schema was used to express the heroization of the deceased who are often designated as heroes on the epitaphs. This shows that it is not a question of some Thracian divinity but of a heroized deceased who takes his roots in the cult of a heroized ancestor, in our case Makedon. The ancestor of the Macedonians is described as a belligerent horseman, Makedon hyppioharmen (Constantine Porphyrogenet), or as hyppalkmos hero (relief from Thessalonica, 2nd century BC). Ancient authors describe him as a hunter of wild animals. The predilection of Macedonians, especially of the notables, for hunting wild boars on horseback of which she was the gentius suae more (Polyb. XXXI, 29), is well known. On the coins, the kings are represented as hunters (Amyntas/lion, and on the imperial coins of the Koinon makedonon) or as horsemen with a lance (Alexander I, Perdiccas II, Archelaus, Philip II, Alexander the Great, Demetrios Poliorcetes, Philip V). This model was in favor especially in the time of Alexander, who was heroized, and it is even considered that it spread in the Balkans by the image of Alexander the hunter created by Lysippus. The many variations of the horseman theme (spearing, hunting, fighting, etc.) were very popular on coin issues of koinon makedonon until the middle of the 3rd century AD, which shows that, in the words of prof. O. Picard, it was a national theme of Macedonians. The predilection of the theme of the victorious horseman on coins: naked horseman (Philip II, Alexander the Great and Philip V), a subject taken up by imperial coinages, with this difference that the horseman is clothed), explains the persistence of application of this theme on funerary monuments. It should be noted that the symbolic image of the horseman can also reflect the status or social rank of the deceased..
Research Interests:
Written sources about the Archaic Period on the Balkans are very rare and indirect; only fragments are preserved, passed on through to later tradition. The evidence is quite scarce, and mostly of mythological character. This paper deals... more
Written sources about the Archaic Period on the Balkans are very rare and indirect; only fragments are preserved, passed on through to later tradition. The evidence is quite scarce, and mostly of mythological character. This paper deals with the ethnicity of the tribes of the Dassaretae groups firstly of the oldest tribe knowns by the written sources i.e., Engelanes or Encheleis in the Greek version – the adaptation to the Ionian dialect as can be seen in Mnaseas: “Engelanes, same as the Encheleis” (Steph. Gramm., Ethnica 260, 5). Strabo’s evidence that the Encheleis/Engelanes were also called Sessarethii (Strab.,7.7.8), i.e., Dassaretae – a generally accepted emendation of the apparently wrongly recorded name Sessarethae. In this inhabited this part of Macedonia was also mentioned the Brygians (Strabo 7.7.8, 14). Stephanus of Byzantium explicitly wrote that the Brygians were a Macedonian tribe (Steph. Gramm., Ethnica 187, l. 17). Thus, the conclusion that the Engelanes were a tribe of Brygian stock is imposed.
Given the many omissions this paper should be read in conjunction with the review of this book, also uploaded here. See
Vjesnik za Arheologiju i Historiju Dalmatinsku, 112, 2019, pp. 189 – 201: Trebenšte, sto godina kasnije. parallel Text in Croatian and English
https://www.academia.edu/42127116/100_years_of_Trebenishte
Given the many omissions this paper should be read in conjunction with the review of this book, also uploaded here. See
Vjesnik za Arheologiju i Historiju Dalmatinsku, 112, 2019, pp. 189 – 201: Trebenšte, sto godina kasnije. parallel Text in Croatian and English
https://www.academia.edu/42127116/100_years_of_Trebenishte
Research Interests:
The so-called Tikvesh funerary stelae (N. Proeva), rather than stelae of the Kavadarci type (N. Vulić), are concentrated mainly in the Tikvesh region, and not only in Kavadarci, but are spread alongside the mid-stream of the Axius... more
The so-called Tikvesh funerary stelae (N. Proeva), rather than stelae of the Kavadarci type (N. Vulić), are concentrated mainly in the Tikvesh region, and not only in Kavadarci, but are spread alongside the mid-stream of the Axius (Vardar). These stelae are the only ones in Roman Macedonia, with iconography that is not figural, but features motifs that are vegetal (the evergreen tree, leaves of ivy and wine, poppies, pinecones) and astral (stars, crescent) as well as agricultural tools (a wine reaping hook, a pickaxe). The motifs, presented in a more or less stylized manner, are found in the relief field, as well as on the pediments of the stelae. There are different and contradicting interpretations promoted to date, regarding the iconography of the stelae, the latest of which is based on Manicheans dogma. This opinion is unacceptable because the author has not looked at it as a unique iconographic pattern but had analyzed the motifs separately, completely ignoring the epigraphic elements (onomastic, paleography, etc.). The dating of these stelae to late Antiquity is also not supported. Contrary to this approach, by analyzing all the epigraphic and iconographic elements of this unusual iconography within the socioeconomic , religious and cultural milieu which it was created, the conclusion can be reached that the iconography concerns heroization, not only of the deceased, but also of their ancestors, along with the belief in immortality, expressed in a original way, typical of the local population.
Research Interests:
Résumé La première tribu attestée dans le sud de Dassaretia était les Encheleans / Encheleai / Enchelei (HECATAIOS, FHG 73; FGrH, 103). Sur leur appartenance ethnique, différentes opinions ont été formulées, parfois par le même auteur.... more
Résumé
La première tribu attestée dans le sud de Dassaretia était les Encheleans / Encheleai / Enchelei (HECATAIOS, FHG 73; FGrH, 103). Sur leur appartenance ethnique, différentes opinions ont été formulées, parfois par le même auteur. L'opinion la plus répandue était celle de leur origine illyrienne. Une deuxième opinion est qu'ils sont indigènes, ultérieurement assimilés par les Illyriens. D'autres auteurs supposent une origine épirote, voire grecque, de ces tribus, mais assimilées par des Illyriens, ou des Béotiens émigrés en Illyrie et complètement intégrés. Des théories d'origine distincte : épirote, brygienne, macédonienne et même grecque, ont également été créées et défendues.
Dans cet article, l'origine autochtone est élaborée sur la base de sources écrites, épigraphiques et archéologiques - à première vue le rituel funéraire avec des masques d’or placés sur le visage du défunt (célèbre nécropole de Trebeništa, près du lac d'Ohrid, Macédoine).
ABSTRACT
The earliest attested tribe in southern Dassaretia were the Encheleans/Encheleai/Enchelei (HECATAIOS, FHG 73; FGrH, 103). On their ethnicity, different opinions have been formulated, sometimes by the same author. The most widespread opinion was that of their Illyrian origin. A second opinion is that they were indigenous, later assimilated by the Illyrians. Other authors assume an Epirote, or even Greek origin of these tribes, but assimilated by Illyrians, or Boeotians who emigrated to Illyria and completely integrated. Theories of distinct origin: Epirote, Brygian, Macedonian, and even Greek, were also created.
In this paper the autochthonous origin is elaborated on the basis of written, epigraphic and archaeological sources - at first glance the funeral ritual with golden masks placed on the face of the deceased (famous necropolis of Trebeništa, near Lake Ohrid, Macedonia)
La première tribu attestée dans le sud de Dassaretia était les Encheleans / Encheleai / Enchelei (HECATAIOS, FHG 73; FGrH, 103). Sur leur appartenance ethnique, différentes opinions ont été formulées, parfois par le même auteur. L'opinion la plus répandue était celle de leur origine illyrienne. Une deuxième opinion est qu'ils sont indigènes, ultérieurement assimilés par les Illyriens. D'autres auteurs supposent une origine épirote, voire grecque, de ces tribus, mais assimilées par des Illyriens, ou des Béotiens émigrés en Illyrie et complètement intégrés. Des théories d'origine distincte : épirote, brygienne, macédonienne et même grecque, ont également été créées et défendues.
Dans cet article, l'origine autochtone est élaborée sur la base de sources écrites, épigraphiques et archéologiques - à première vue le rituel funéraire avec des masques d’or placés sur le visage du défunt (célèbre nécropole de Trebeništa, près du lac d'Ohrid, Macédoine).
ABSTRACT
The earliest attested tribe in southern Dassaretia were the Encheleans/Encheleai/Enchelei (HECATAIOS, FHG 73; FGrH, 103). On their ethnicity, different opinions have been formulated, sometimes by the same author. The most widespread opinion was that of their Illyrian origin. A second opinion is that they were indigenous, later assimilated by the Illyrians. Other authors assume an Epirote, or even Greek origin of these tribes, but assimilated by Illyrians, or Boeotians who emigrated to Illyria and completely integrated. Theories of distinct origin: Epirote, Brygian, Macedonian, and even Greek, were also created.
In this paper the autochthonous origin is elaborated on the basis of written, epigraphic and archaeological sources - at first glance the funeral ritual with golden masks placed on the face of the deceased (famous necropolis of Trebeništa, near Lake Ohrid, Macedonia)
Research Interests:
The editor of the book, in its introduction, offers the history of the numismatics collections, museums, catalogs, journals, and books, in the Republic of Macedonia from its constitution from 1945 to 2019. Until the establishment of the... more
The editor of the book, in its introduction, offers the history of the numismatics collections, museums, catalogs, journals, and books, in the Republic of Macedonia from its constitution from 1945 to 2019.
Until the establishment of the modern Macedonian state, numismatic material was taken out by various travelers and consuls of foreign countries in the Ottoman Empire and sold to collectors or donated to museums in Western European countries. Therefore, the first scientific papers on coins from Macedonia were written by foreign authors.
The establishment of museums and other scientific institutions in the Macedonian Republic of Yugoslavia, not only allowed the systematic collection of coins (through excavations and acquisitions), but also their publication in museum reviews of the Republic of Macedonia such as the Bulletin of the Association of Museums and Curators, The Collection of the Archaeological Museum of Skopje, but also in Yugoslav reviews of the time. The Archaeological Society of the Republic of Macedonia in 1975 founded the journal Macedoniae acta archaeologica, where numismatic papers are also published. Finally, the first generation of professional numismatists in Macedonia began to publish a numismatic review called Macedonian Numismatic Journal (the first issue dates from 1994).
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L'éditeur du livre, dans son introduction, présente l'histoire de collections, musées, revues, catalogues et livres en République de Macédoine de sa constitution en 1945 à 2019.
Jusqu'à la création de l'État macédonien moderne, le matériel numismatique a été emporté par divers voyageurs et consuls de pays étrangers dans l'Empire ottoman et vendu à des collectionneurs ou donné à des musées dans les pays d'Europe occidentale. Par conséquent, les premiers articles scientifiques sur les monnaies de la Macédoine ont été rédigés par des auteurs étrangers.
La création de musées et d'autres institutions scientifiques en république macédonienne de Yougoslavie, a non seulement permit de collecter systématiquement des pièces de monnaie (par le biais de fouilles et d'acquisitions) mais aussi leur publication dans des revues de musées de la République de Macédoine tels que le Bulletin de l'Association des musées et conservateurs, le Recueil du Musée archéologique de Skopje, ainsi que dans les revues yougoslaves de l'époque. En 1975, la Société archéologique de la République de Macédoine a créé la revue Macedoniae acta archaeologica, où les articles numismatiques sont également publiés. Enfin, la première génération de numismates professionnels en Macédoine a commencé à publier une revue numismatique intitulé Macedonian Numismatic Journal (le premier numéro date de 1994).
Until the establishment of the modern Macedonian state, numismatic material was taken out by various travelers and consuls of foreign countries in the Ottoman Empire and sold to collectors or donated to museums in Western European countries. Therefore, the first scientific papers on coins from Macedonia were written by foreign authors.
The establishment of museums and other scientific institutions in the Macedonian Republic of Yugoslavia, not only allowed the systematic collection of coins (through excavations and acquisitions), but also their publication in museum reviews of the Republic of Macedonia such as the Bulletin of the Association of Museums and Curators, The Collection of the Archaeological Museum of Skopje, but also in Yugoslav reviews of the time. The Archaeological Society of the Republic of Macedonia in 1975 founded the journal Macedoniae acta archaeologica, where numismatic papers are also published. Finally, the first generation of professional numismatists in Macedonia began to publish a numismatic review called Macedonian Numismatic Journal (the first issue dates from 1994).
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L'éditeur du livre, dans son introduction, présente l'histoire de collections, musées, revues, catalogues et livres en République de Macédoine de sa constitution en 1945 à 2019.
Jusqu'à la création de l'État macédonien moderne, le matériel numismatique a été emporté par divers voyageurs et consuls de pays étrangers dans l'Empire ottoman et vendu à des collectionneurs ou donné à des musées dans les pays d'Europe occidentale. Par conséquent, les premiers articles scientifiques sur les monnaies de la Macédoine ont été rédigés par des auteurs étrangers.
La création de musées et d'autres institutions scientifiques en république macédonienne de Yougoslavie, a non seulement permit de collecter systématiquement des pièces de monnaie (par le biais de fouilles et d'acquisitions) mais aussi leur publication dans des revues de musées de la République de Macédoine tels que le Bulletin de l'Association des musées et conservateurs, le Recueil du Musée archéologique de Skopje, ainsi que dans les revues yougoslaves de l'époque. En 1975, la Société archéologique de la République de Macédoine a créé la revue Macedoniae acta archaeologica, où les articles numismatiques sont également publiés. Enfin, la première génération de numismates professionnels en Macédoine a commencé à publier une revue numismatique intitulé Macedonian Numismatic Journal (le premier numéro date de 1994).
Research Interests:
The indigenous populations in the Balkans, one might say, jealously kept their beliefs and cult practices, which was a kind of resistance against Hellenization and Romanization. At first glance, the visual representations of the gods have... more
The indigenous populations in the Balkans, one might say, jealously kept their beliefs and cult practices, which was a kind of resistance against Hellenization and Romanization. At first glance, the visual representations of the gods have the appearance of Roman and Greek deities, because they were made according to the tastes of their time and according to Hellenic and Roman canonical templates. This makes it hard to single out regional specifics, which researchers have neglected and even underestimated. The well-known practice of ancient writers of naming the deities of foreign peoples with the names of the gods of their Pantheon, the so-called Interpratio Graeca and Interpratatio Romana, does not facilitate to distinguish regional specificities. Up to now the approach in the study of religion, after all, as a whole history, of the Balkan "barbarians" was and still is Hellenocentric because of the classical education under the influence of which the humanities were formed as well as the traditional belief that the roots of European culture are in Hellenic civilization. Today we know that the civilizational achievements of the peoples of the Ancient Near East have been taken over, reworked, and thus preserved and handed over to other peoples through the Achaeans. Such approach has contributed to the unjust denial of many peoples of their spiritual originality, and it has often been believed and still is, that their religious beliefs were shaped by "beneficial" Greek and Roman influences. The best-known example of such a misunderstanding is that of the Etruscans and, in the Balkans, of the ancient Macedonians whose case is studied here. However, indigenous deities can be recognized by unusual elements in art patterns, as well as by epicoric epithets that go along the name of deities on votive inscriptions.
Research Interests:
To deny the name of Macedonia is to deny the identity of Macedonian people The denial of the national identity of modern Macedonians, which persists with varying intensity since the beginning of the XXth century, is analyzed regarding... more
To deny the name of Macedonia is to deny the identity of Macedonian people
The denial of the national identity of modern Macedonians, which persists with varying intensity since the beginning of the XXth century, is analyzed regarding two exhibitions (one on the centenary of World War I, and the other on ancient Balkanic heritage) which were organized in Skopje by two European Union member states, France and Bulgaria). The second aspect of the analysis is the pressure and the blackmail imposed on Macedonia mainly by the European Union to change its name. This was carried out by a Government set up by the great powers, illegally and against the will of the Macedonians.
Résumé : La question de savoir pourquoi, en Macédoine pourtant indépendante, on évite d'utiliser son nom, après 75 d’existence de l’état macédonien moderne, ne peut que conduire à s’interroger.
Il n’est pas difficile de répondre à cette question car il est plus qu’évident que les raisons sont toutes politiques ; et elles contaminent aussi le domaine scientifique. Les choses sont malheureusement liées. La politique favorise la science qui est toujours peu ou prou à son service.
Pourquoi donc évite-t-on le nom du pays hôte? Et pourquoi on a fait une pression parfois subtile mais plus souvent cruelle aux Macédoniens, de changer le nom de leur pays, contrairement au droit naturelle et à la loi internationale de l'autodétermination des peuples. À cette fin, tous les moyens sont utilisés, allant des manifestations culturelles (expositions) aux menaces ouvertes.
On analysera la dénégation de l’identité nationale des modern Macédoniens laquelle, avec plus ou moins de persistance, est niée depuis début du XXe siècle, à propos de deux expositions organisée à Skopje par deux pays européens (France et Bulgarie), l’une sur le centenaire de la Grande Guerre, l'autre sur l'héritage commun des Balkans de l'Antiquité.
Cette étude sur la négation de l’identité macédonienne fera fond les informations livrées par les correspondants du front, des rapports de journalistes étrangers et des témoignages de participants aux opérations militaires aux guerres balkaniques, ainsi que sur documents originaux, en premier lieu sur les cartes postales de soldats qui ont participé à la Première guerre mondiale, publiées récemment.
The denial of the national identity of modern Macedonians, which persists with varying intensity since the beginning of the XXth century, is analyzed regarding two exhibitions (one on the centenary of World War I, and the other on ancient Balkanic heritage) which were organized in Skopje by two European Union member states, France and Bulgaria). The second aspect of the analysis is the pressure and the blackmail imposed on Macedonia mainly by the European Union to change its name. This was carried out by a Government set up by the great powers, illegally and against the will of the Macedonians.
Résumé : La question de savoir pourquoi, en Macédoine pourtant indépendante, on évite d'utiliser son nom, après 75 d’existence de l’état macédonien moderne, ne peut que conduire à s’interroger.
Il n’est pas difficile de répondre à cette question car il est plus qu’évident que les raisons sont toutes politiques ; et elles contaminent aussi le domaine scientifique. Les choses sont malheureusement liées. La politique favorise la science qui est toujours peu ou prou à son service.
Pourquoi donc évite-t-on le nom du pays hôte? Et pourquoi on a fait une pression parfois subtile mais plus souvent cruelle aux Macédoniens, de changer le nom de leur pays, contrairement au droit naturelle et à la loi internationale de l'autodétermination des peuples. À cette fin, tous les moyens sont utilisés, allant des manifestations culturelles (expositions) aux menaces ouvertes.
On analysera la dénégation de l’identité nationale des modern Macédoniens laquelle, avec plus ou moins de persistance, est niée depuis début du XXe siècle, à propos de deux expositions organisée à Skopje par deux pays européens (France et Bulgarie), l’une sur le centenaire de la Grande Guerre, l'autre sur l'héritage commun des Balkans de l'Antiquité.
Cette étude sur la négation de l’identité macédonienne fera fond les informations livrées par les correspondants du front, des rapports de journalistes étrangers et des témoignages de participants aux opérations militaires aux guerres balkaniques, ainsi que sur documents originaux, en premier lieu sur les cartes postales de soldats qui ont participé à la Première guerre mondiale, publiées récemment.
Research Interests:
Book and exhibition review: Trebeništa 100 years later An exhibition was opened in the Archaeological Museum in Skopje on 14 March 2019 to observe the centenary of the discovery (in 1918) of two gold funeral masks in a necropolis between... more
Book and exhibition review: Trebeništa 100 years later
An exhibition was opened in the Archaeological Museum in Skopje on 14 March 2019 to observe the centenary of the discovery (in 1918) of two gold funeral masks in a necropolis between the villages of Gorenci and Trebeništa (and not Trebenischte)1 with a total of 56 graves found thus far. A luxuriously appointed book was also published for the occasion: 100 years of Trebenishte. Sofia [Skopje, Belgrade] National Archaeological Institute with Museum – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; NI Archaeological Museum of Macedonia, National Museum in Belgrade, NI Institute for protection of monuments of culture and Museum – Ohrid, P. Ardjanliev, K. Chukalev, T. Cvjetićanin, M. Damjanov, V. Krstić, A. Papazovska, H. Popov (eds) ISBN, 978-954-9472-70-7. 410 str.
An exhibition was opened in the Archaeological Museum in Skopje on 14 March 2019 to observe the centenary of the discovery (in 1918) of two gold funeral masks in a necropolis between the villages of Gorenci and Trebeništa (and not Trebenischte)1 with a total of 56 graves found thus far. A luxuriously appointed book was also published for the occasion: 100 years of Trebenishte. Sofia [Skopje, Belgrade] National Archaeological Institute with Museum – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; NI Archaeological Museum of Macedonia, National Museum in Belgrade, NI Institute for protection of monuments of culture and Museum – Ohrid, P. Ardjanliev, K. Chukalev, T. Cvjetićanin, M. Damjanov, V. Krstić, A. Papazovska, H. Popov (eds) ISBN, 978-954-9472-70-7. 410 str.
La coutume funéraire des masques d'or en Macédoine archaïque L’auteurs élabore deux aspects de cette coutume : celui d’origine, et de signification de la coutume funéraire avec des masques. Traduisent-ils le statut des défunts ou bien... more
La coutume funéraire des masques d'or en Macédoine archaïque
L’auteurs élabore deux aspects de cette coutume : celui d’origine, et de signification de la coutume funéraire avec des masques. Traduisent-ils le statut des défunts ou bien leur appartenance ethnique ?. L’analyse de la coutume funéraire montre que la prétendue origine étrangère (égyptienne ou mycénienne) n’est pas justifiable, vu l’hiatus insurmontable d’un millénaire entre les masques mycéniens et macédoniens. Le fait que cette coutume n’est attestée chez les tribus grecs ni illyriennes, mais il est chez tribus macédoniennes, montre que cela est un élément valable de leur appartenance ethnique. En fait il s’agit des rois – prêtres de ces tribus archaïques, dont les éléments le plus indicatives sont un gant avec anneau et le modèle maquette de char. La tradition de cette rôle sacerdotale est retenu dans la coutume de prostasia des rois da la dynastie macédonienne des Argeades.
Il costume (usanza) funebre con maschere in Macedonia arcaica
L'autore elabora due aspetti di questa usanza: quella originale e il significato del costume funebre con maschere. Riflettono lo stato del defunto o della loro etnia? L'analisi del costume funerario mostra che la presunta origine straniera (egiziana o micenea) non è giustificabile, data l'invalicabile iato di un millennio tra le maschere micenee e macedoni. Il fatto che questa usanza non sia attestata tra le tribù greche e illiriche, ma è tra le tribù macedoni, dimostra che questo è un elemento valido della loro etnia. In realtà si tratta dei re - sacerdoti di queste tribù arcaiche, i cui elementi più indicativi sono un guanto con anello e il carro in miniatura. La tradizione di questo ruolo sacerdotale è conservata nell'usanza della prostasia dei re della dinastia macedone di Argeades.
L’auteurs élabore deux aspects de cette coutume : celui d’origine, et de signification de la coutume funéraire avec des masques. Traduisent-ils le statut des défunts ou bien leur appartenance ethnique ?. L’analyse de la coutume funéraire montre que la prétendue origine étrangère (égyptienne ou mycénienne) n’est pas justifiable, vu l’hiatus insurmontable d’un millénaire entre les masques mycéniens et macédoniens. Le fait que cette coutume n’est attestée chez les tribus grecs ni illyriennes, mais il est chez tribus macédoniennes, montre que cela est un élément valable de leur appartenance ethnique. En fait il s’agit des rois – prêtres de ces tribus archaïques, dont les éléments le plus indicatives sont un gant avec anneau et le modèle maquette de char. La tradition de cette rôle sacerdotale est retenu dans la coutume de prostasia des rois da la dynastie macédonienne des Argeades.
Il costume (usanza) funebre con maschere in Macedonia arcaica
L'autore elabora due aspetti di questa usanza: quella originale e il significato del costume funebre con maschere. Riflettono lo stato del defunto o della loro etnia? L'analisi del costume funerario mostra che la presunta origine straniera (egiziana o micenea) non è giustificabile, data l'invalicabile iato di un millennio tra le maschere micenee e macedoni. Il fatto che questa usanza non sia attestata tra le tribù greche e illiriche, ma è tra le tribù macedoni, dimostra che questo è un elemento valido della loro etnia. In realtà si tratta dei re - sacerdoti di queste tribù arcaiche, i cui elementi più indicativi sono un guanto con anello e il carro in miniatura. La tradizione di questo ruolo sacerdotale è conservata nell'usanza della prostasia dei re della dinastia macedone di Argeades.
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UDK 8 0 7 + 8 7 + 9 3 0. 8 Nade Proeva: Dassaretia et Penestianae Terrae à la lumière des données onomastiques. Ziva antika, 67, 2017, pp. 71–88 L’onomastique était un des domaines de recherche du prof. F. Papazoglou qu’elle dominait... more
UDK 8 0 7 + 8 7 + 9 3 0. 8
Nade Proeva: Dassaretia et Penestianae Terrae à la lumière des
données onomastiques. Ziva antika, 67, 2017, pp. 71–88
L’onomastique était un des domaines de recherche du prof. F. Papazoglou qu’elle dominait avec maîtrise. L’application de la méthode de classification des noms par microrégions onomastique s’est avérée acceptable et très utile pour l’étude de la structure ethnique et sociale des peuplades dans les Balkans, et c’est avec les résultats de ses recherches que le VIIe congrès épigraphique a été inauguré.
De sa plume est également issu le premier travail sur l’onomastique des Dasarètes à l’époque romaine. Le 100e anniversaire de sa naissance est une occasion de revenir sur ce sujet et de repenser la structure ethnique. La reprise du sujet se justifie d’autant plus que le nombre des inscriptions découvertes dans la partie occidentale de la République de Macédoine s’est accrue et que les inscriptions connues ont été révisée et republiée avec des corrections.
Nade Proeva: Dassaretia et Penestianae Terrae à la lumière des
données onomastiques. Ziva antika, 67, 2017, pp. 71–88
L’onomastique était un des domaines de recherche du prof. F. Papazoglou qu’elle dominait avec maîtrise. L’application de la méthode de classification des noms par microrégions onomastique s’est avérée acceptable et très utile pour l’étude de la structure ethnique et sociale des peuplades dans les Balkans, et c’est avec les résultats de ses recherches que le VIIe congrès épigraphique a été inauguré.
De sa plume est également issu le premier travail sur l’onomastique des Dasarètes à l’époque romaine. Le 100e anniversaire de sa naissance est une occasion de revenir sur ce sujet et de repenser la structure ethnique. La reprise du sujet se justifie d’autant plus que le nombre des inscriptions découvertes dans la partie occidentale de la République de Macédoine s’est accrue et que les inscriptions connues ont été révisée et republiée avec des corrections.
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translation from the Macedonian language
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Most artefacts in prehistoric and ancient times were created for practical purposes, and therefore the term techne — craft was used for all types of art objects until late Hellenistic times. From the perspective of the aristocratic... more
Most artefacts in prehistoric and ancient times were created for practical purposes, and therefore the term techne — craft was used for all types of art objects until late Hellenistic times. From the perspective of the aristocratic circle, the craftsmen (slaves — servi, freedmen — lib-ertini, and metoikoi) were seen as humble members of society, working for the needs of others. But the utilitarian purpose of artefacts did not prevent craftsmen from expressing their artistic perceptions, depending to a greater or lesser extent on their skill and talent. Since the roots of Classical archaeology stem from collecting ancient art objects 1 , attention of the early researchers was focused primarily on them. Even today, in a survey text on Greek and Roman art, paintings and sculptures are emphasized above all other art forms. It was common for almost every ancient artefact to be evaluated from an artistic point of view, which is an elitist approach. Therefore, the older studies favoured artefacts with greater artistic value, while objects with less significant artistic qualities found in Roman provinces were totally neglected. An excellent example of this approach is the group of gravestones whose original and primary purpose was marking the tomb, followed by a religious commemorative aim; thus different styles and types of monuments were developed. The gravestones set up on the slopes of the mountains in the valley along the middle course of the Vardar river (ancient Axios), from (Titov) Veles in the North to Demir Kapija in the South (Republic of Macedonia), have a very specific iconographic composition and style. They were therefore named the Kavadarci type stelae, after the biggest town in the region, but the name of Tikveš type stelae is much more appropriate 2. This type of stelae with non-figural and stylized motifs shown in the relief zone: both in the relief field and in the pediments are very rare in other parts of Macedonia. Apart from this unusual kind of motif, we have specific types of stelae with a relief field in the form of an arch or arched niche on the columns shown in the relief field. The stelae with two relief fields were rare in Macedonia, and always displayed figural motifs in the upper field, and non-figural ones, mostly agricultural tools, in the lower one [10, ill. II] (Fig. 1, Table of types). 1 Antiquarianism led to Archaeology as a science. 2 Registered by Nikola Vulić before World War II, therefore collected and stored in the Skopje Museum, and after the war in the local museums of (Titov) Veles, Kavadarci, Negotino, etc.
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Macedonians and Macedonia in the First World War The Balkan Wars represented a turning point in the history of the Balkan peoples, especially the Macedonian. The mass participation of the Macedonians under the flag of the neighboring... more
Macedonians and Macedonia in the First World War
The Balkan Wars represented a turning point in the history of the Balkan peoples, especially the Macedonian. The mass participation of the Macedonians under the flag of the neighboring states and hoping to be liberated from the Ottoman authorities was fruitless because, with the consent of the Great powers, its ethnic territory was divided among the neighboring states, which was then cemented by the First World War. The paper is focused on the participation of the Macedonians in the First World War, which is slurred over by both the historians and the politicians who continue to follow the politics of that time, thus bolstering the denial of the Macedonian name, language, and so on by the neighbors who were not satisfied with the “resolution” of the Macedonian issue. The historians, trapped within the national, or even more so the nationalistic historiographies that keep silent about the victims, military as well as civilian, justify this with the alleged national unawareness of the Macedonians, thus neglecting the existing testimonies about the national awareness. In doing so, they slur the propagandas of the neighbors who used their churches on the Macedonian territory to exert violent assimilation helped by the terror of the infiltrated armed squads. The paper is based on published archive resources, as well as on reports of foreign journalists and testimonies of participants in these wars, published after the end of the wars.
Key words: Macedonia, Macedonian front, World War I, Balkan Wars, Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, forced mobilization, volunteers, Ottoman authority
The Balkan Wars represented a turning point in the history of the Balkan peoples, especially the Macedonian. The mass participation of the Macedonians under the flag of the neighboring states and hoping to be liberated from the Ottoman authorities was fruitless because, with the consent of the Great powers, its ethnic territory was divided among the neighboring states, which was then cemented by the First World War. The paper is focused on the participation of the Macedonians in the First World War, which is slurred over by both the historians and the politicians who continue to follow the politics of that time, thus bolstering the denial of the Macedonian name, language, and so on by the neighbors who were not satisfied with the “resolution” of the Macedonian issue. The historians, trapped within the national, or even more so the nationalistic historiographies that keep silent about the victims, military as well as civilian, justify this with the alleged national unawareness of the Macedonians, thus neglecting the existing testimonies about the national awareness. In doing so, they slur the propagandas of the neighbors who used their churches on the Macedonian territory to exert violent assimilation helped by the terror of the infiltrated armed squads. The paper is based on published archive resources, as well as on reports of foreign journalists and testimonies of participants in these wars, published after the end of the wars.
Key words: Macedonia, Macedonian front, World War I, Balkan Wars, Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, forced mobilization, volunteers, Ottoman authority
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Foreign Language Publications - Updated Bibliography
This paper deals with different meaning of the term Thracia used by ancient authors. The ancient authors as well as their modern counterparts, traced the territory of Thracia totally differently depending on whether they referred to... more
This paper deals with different meaning of the term Thracia used by ancient authors. The ancient authors as well as their modern counterparts, traced the territory of Thracia totally differently depending on whether they referred to ethnic or political boundaries. The borders differed from source to source. Ancient authors often used the noun Thracia in its primordial, earliest and widest extent as a geographical designation in archaized manner and meaning. This approach amongst other things has caused modern authors to formulate the pan-Thracian thesis according to which the entire south Balkan Peninsula was inhabited by Thracians.
The author in this paper gives the parallel with Illyrians (Thracian and Illyrian both being demonym and ethnonym) and proposes to make a distinction between Thracii proprie dicti and Thracii vulgo dicti, i.e. between the Thracia stricto sensu and Thracia lato sensu, as it was the case with Illyrii proprie dicti – (Plin., NH III, 144) paraphrased in Illyriii vulgo dicti.)
The author gives examples of using this notion from the Balkan Peninsula as a geographical name which etymological meaning was “the land or the cost”. This can be seen from Hecataeus (Hec., ap. Steph. Byz., s.v. Darsioi: ethnon Thrakion (Daorsoi was living on the left bank of the river Neretva to the Adriatic cost in Dalmatia). Apollodorus also used the term Thrakes for Histri on the Histrian peninsula (in today’s Croatia). These two examples evidenced that this designation had no obvious ethnic connotations, and should be translated as “Landers, “Mainland tribe”, or “Coastal tribe”, i.e. a tribe living on the mainland, or on the coast. This interpretation can be emphasised by data from Herodotus (Her., VII, 185) who describes the Thessalian tribes as “those Thracians living on the Thessalian Coast along the sea”. It was very well known to Herodotus’ audience that Thessalians are not Thracians.
The borders of Thracia varied at different times so in order to outline the boundaries of tribes especially of the bordering, transitional areas and better distinction of Thracii proprie dicti from Thracii vulgo dicti, the method of Namengebiet or namespace areas can be helpful. By fragmentation of large areas (which is the essence of the method) rather than their expansion, the features of the areas may be more clearly established and then the limits of transitional areas between tribes mentioned in ancient sources can be detailed with greater accuracy.
The author in this paper gives the parallel with Illyrians (Thracian and Illyrian both being demonym and ethnonym) and proposes to make a distinction between Thracii proprie dicti and Thracii vulgo dicti, i.e. between the Thracia stricto sensu and Thracia lato sensu, as it was the case with Illyrii proprie dicti – (Plin., NH III, 144) paraphrased in Illyriii vulgo dicti.)
The author gives examples of using this notion from the Balkan Peninsula as a geographical name which etymological meaning was “the land or the cost”. This can be seen from Hecataeus (Hec., ap. Steph. Byz., s.v. Darsioi: ethnon Thrakion (Daorsoi was living on the left bank of the river Neretva to the Adriatic cost in Dalmatia). Apollodorus also used the term Thrakes for Histri on the Histrian peninsula (in today’s Croatia). These two examples evidenced that this designation had no obvious ethnic connotations, and should be translated as “Landers, “Mainland tribe”, or “Coastal tribe”, i.e. a tribe living on the mainland, or on the coast. This interpretation can be emphasised by data from Herodotus (Her., VII, 185) who describes the Thessalian tribes as “those Thracians living on the Thessalian Coast along the sea”. It was very well known to Herodotus’ audience that Thessalians are not Thracians.
The borders of Thracia varied at different times so in order to outline the boundaries of tribes especially of the bordering, transitional areas and better distinction of Thracii proprie dicti from Thracii vulgo dicti, the method of Namengebiet or namespace areas can be helpful. By fragmentation of large areas (which is the essence of the method) rather than their expansion, the features of the areas may be more clearly established and then the limits of transitional areas between tribes mentioned in ancient sources can be detailed with greater accuracy.
Les savants avaient exprimé différentes opinions sur l’appartenance ethnique (illyrienne, épirote, grecque, macédonienne, ou brygienne) et provinciale (Macédoine, Mésie Supérieure) des Penestae/Penestai et des Engelanes/ Enchelléens, les... more
Les savants avaient exprimé différentes opinions sur l’appartenance ethnique (illyrienne, épirote, grecque, macédonienne, ou brygienne) et provinciale (Macédoine, Mésie Supérieure) des Penestae/Penestai et des Engelanes/ Enchelléens, les deux tribus dassarètes les plus connues, ainsi que sur la localisation de la ville d’Uscana. Les raisons ont été : la position frontalière de Penestae, les données fragmentaires des sources narratives, le changement du rôle des ces tribus dans le cadre de la communauté dassarète (à part ces deux tribus, on connaît les noms des Pisantinoi, Kaloikinoi, Sarnoates). Étant donné que la gloire et la puissance des Engelanae (c’est la forme macedonienne du nom) avec le temps avaient diminué, le nom des Dassarètes, qui les avait embrassés, s’est imposé jusqu’à la fin de l’antiquité. Une migration prétendue ne peut être confirmée par des sources archéologiques. Des sources narratives il s’ensuit que les tribus dassarètes s’étendaient au nord de l’Épire jusqu'aux Dardaniens farouches (Plin, NH, IV, 3). Strabon les situe entre les Ardiens et les Dardanienes (Geogr., VII, 7, 5, 12 C, 318). Cela montre que la Dassarétie était un vaste territoire, ce qui nous autorise à utiliser les noms de Haute Dassarétie (la région de Polog et la vallée de la ville actuelle Kičevo) et de Basse Dassarétie (le basin du lac d’Ohrid). Après l’analyse des sources narratives, épigraphiques et archéologiques, il s’ensuit que les tribus dassarètes, quoique parfois dénommées comme illyriennes (pendant la période où elles ont été sous domination illyrienne), n’étaient pas d’origine illyrienne. Dans la deuxième partie de l’article, avec l’analyse des sources narratives et archéologiques, la position de la plus grande ville des Penestae, Uscana, est établie entre les villages de Miokazi et Karabunica, près de la ville actuelle de Kičevo. Quand à la position du camp d’Appius Claudius qui, en 170 av. n. ère, posait à 12 milles d’Uscana, elle est établie au village de Podvis, ce qui correspond à la distance de 17 km entre Podvis et Miokazi.
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Le domaine religieux à l’époque ancienne était réglé tant par des mœurs que par des normes juridiques. Dans le domaine funéraire, à part les ius sepilcri et les testaments, les plus nombreux sont les épitaphes avec formules de malédiction... more
Le domaine religieux à l’époque ancienne était réglé tant par des mœurs que par des normes juridiques. Dans le domaine funéraire, à part les ius sepilcri et les testaments, les plus nombreux sont les épitaphes avec formules de malédiction et les amendes pour le sacrilège des tombeaux et du monument funéraire.
La survivance d’une interdiction de s’approprier une tombe (ne quis alienam interferat) se trouve sur un monument funéraire érigé en 1924 à Nerezi, près de Skopje.
La survivance d’une interdiction de s’approprier une tombe (ne quis alienam interferat) se trouve sur un monument funéraire érigé en 1924 à Nerezi, près de Skopje.
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Апстракт: Расправља се о иконографској пројекцији хероизације покојника у религијском систему Македонаца у римско доба. Стара епихорска схватања о култу хероја су се изражавала иконографском шемом коњаника у мирном ставу или у покрету,... more
Апстракт: Расправља се о иконографској пројекцији хероизације покојника у религијском систему Македонаца у римско доба. Стара епихорска схватања о култу хероја су се изражавала иконографском шемом коњаника у мирном ставу или у покрету, или хипостазом покојника, тј. његове душе, у облику сунчеве розете што је везано са веома јако израженим култом сунца код Македонаца. Друга два мотива за иконографско исказивање хероизације покојника преузета су из римског репертоара – али примењена на веома оригиналан начин. Бор и остало зимзелено дрвеће су коришћени као супститут за хероизиране покојнике, а биста на постољу зa приказивање хероизираних покојника, или пак хероизираних предака ако је била у фронтону. Кључне речи: Херос, култ предака, хероизација покојника, над-гробни споменици, зимзелено дрвеће, сунчева розета, ко ња ник, биста, Македонија. Промишљајући своје место у свету, човек је врло рано створио религијске системе. Од најранијих времена у религијама свих индоевропских народа постојао је култ предака и то је један од најстаријих култова. Истакнути појединац почео је да се сматра заједничким претком, archegetes, не само породице и рода већ читаве заједнице и добио је статус епонимног претка. Од њега се очекивала наклоност, заштита и помоћ пре свега од виших сила (у првом реду елементарних непогода), и тако је постао патрон и херој, односно хероизирани предак, heros patroos, који је био бесмртан – слично боговима, те се називао и patrios theos. Од најранијих времена се на улазу градских капија приказивао херој-патрон или божанство као зштитник teichophylax. 1 Зато се на натписима називао Heros aulonites, 2 Heros propylaios, 3 Heros phylakos. 4 Херој коњаник 129 1 То је случај са градским капијама Тасоса. У Солуну, код бедема или код Константинових врата, нађен је велелепни споменик (1,80 x 3,05 m) од три дела (плоче) која се састављају, са приказом коњаника у лову, два пешака иза њега и дрветом са змијом испред њега, за који постоје мишљења да може бити или надгробни Мендел (Mendel 1913: no. 492) или пак да представља Heros Propylaios (Will 1955: 62, 63) Ово друго је вероватније, с обзиром на димензије. Коњаник у лову је приказан два пута у природној стени на акрополи града Филипа (Collart 1937: 425). 2 У Солуну на надгробном споменику помиње се колегијум Хероја Аулонита (BE 1972, no. 263), а у његовом светилишту на северној страни Пангајских планина у области Кавале нађено је неколи-ко рељефа са краја хеленистичког и римског периода, једна база са посветом Heroni Auloneiti (BE 1970, no. 381), као и две посвете на латинском (BE 1972, no. 267-Heroni Auloniti). НАУЧНИ ЧЛАНАК – ОрИгИНaЛaН НaУЧНИ рaд UDK 904:726.825.032.046(37) ; 255.6-187.3 ID=187744012
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L'inscription paléochretienne au Musée de Strumica Il s'agit d'un épithaphe latin écrite sur une simple plaque en marbre blanc, bien oxydée, trouvée aux allentours de Strumica et exposée au Musée de la ville, no. d'inv. 548.... more
L'inscription paléochretienne au Musée de Strumica
Il s'agit d'un épithaphe latin écrite sur une simple plaque en marbre blanc, bien oxydée, trouvée aux allentours de Strumica et exposée au Musée de la ville, no. d'inv. 548. Dimensions: H. 0,34 - 0,36 m.; L. 0,25.5 m., Ep. 0, 01.5 m. Hauteur des lettres de 1.2 a 3.2 cm., entreslignes 0,4 a 0,8 cm. La palque est brisée en bas et ses contures sont assez abîmés.
L'inscription est composée de 11 lignes et de deux monogrammes (au debut de ll. 10 et 11), sans que le champ a inscription soit delimité. On trouve deux types d'abréviations: par suspension et par contraction et une fois l'abréviation supralineate y est attestée, l. 5. Les ligatures sont utilisées dans les monogrammes (l. 10, 11 ME, MA, MU et EL) et une fois dans l.6 BR. (fig. 1).
Dans la premiere monograme (dessein no 1) se cache le nom de l'unité militaire- arma(t)ora - graphie vulgaire pour armatura, et dans l'autre (dessein no 2) le nom de collège, c(o)lle(g)ium arma(t)urarum.
A la fin du ligne 9 un croix est incisée, cela avec les formules typiques paléochrétiennes, les formes des lettres, le signe séparateur en forme d'un S angulaire, et la mention de l'indiction, date l'éepitaphe dans IV/Vs.
L'épitaphe est érrigée par Germanos pour sa femme Munnes qui a vécu 20 ans, sept mois et 10 jours, et qui a décédée 15 jours avants les Calendes de décembre. Il est significatif de noter qu'à part de ces données tout la reste concerne son mari Germanos qui était campiductor de la nimeria armaturae, mentionnée dans le monograme, de Britones seniores, dont le nom Brectones est aussi une vulgarité du latin tardive.
L'intérêt de cette épitaphe consiste surtoUt dans la mention de l'unité militaire, étant donné que la Macédoine était provincia inermis, c'est la cinquième numeria, à l'époque d'antiquité tardive attestée en Macédoine.
Il s'agit d'un épithaphe latin écrite sur une simple plaque en marbre blanc, bien oxydée, trouvée aux allentours de Strumica et exposée au Musée de la ville, no. d'inv. 548. Dimensions: H. 0,34 - 0,36 m.; L. 0,25.5 m., Ep. 0, 01.5 m. Hauteur des lettres de 1.2 a 3.2 cm., entreslignes 0,4 a 0,8 cm. La palque est brisée en bas et ses contures sont assez abîmés.
L'inscription est composée de 11 lignes et de deux monogrammes (au debut de ll. 10 et 11), sans que le champ a inscription soit delimité. On trouve deux types d'abréviations: par suspension et par contraction et une fois l'abréviation supralineate y est attestée, l. 5. Les ligatures sont utilisées dans les monogrammes (l. 10, 11 ME, MA, MU et EL) et une fois dans l.6 BR. (fig. 1).
Dans la premiere monograme (dessein no 1) se cache le nom de l'unité militaire- arma(t)ora - graphie vulgaire pour armatura, et dans l'autre (dessein no 2) le nom de collège, c(o)lle(g)ium arma(t)urarum.
A la fin du ligne 9 un croix est incisée, cela avec les formules typiques paléochrétiennes, les formes des lettres, le signe séparateur en forme d'un S angulaire, et la mention de l'indiction, date l'éepitaphe dans IV/Vs.
L'épitaphe est érrigée par Germanos pour sa femme Munnes qui a vécu 20 ans, sept mois et 10 jours, et qui a décédée 15 jours avants les Calendes de décembre. Il est significatif de noter qu'à part de ces données tout la reste concerne son mari Germanos qui était campiductor de la nimeria armaturae, mentionnée dans le monograme, de Britones seniores, dont le nom Brectones est aussi une vulgarité du latin tardive.
L'intérêt de cette épitaphe consiste surtoUt dans la mention de l'unité militaire, étant donné que la Macédoine était provincia inermis, c'est la cinquième numeria, à l'époque d'antiquité tardive attestée en Macédoine.
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The independence proclamation of the Republic of Macedonia in 1991 provoked ardent reactions and denials by its neighbours, against the fact that she was the only peaceful actor in the Yugoslavia’s dissolution. The first negative... more
The independence proclamation of the Republic of Macedonia in 1991 provoked ardent
reactions and denials by its neighbours, against the fact that she was the only peaceful actor in the Yugoslavia’s dissolution. The first negative reactions and denials came from the Southern Neighbor, whose denial was directed towards the name, i.e. the identity, while the others referred to the language, identity and even a part of the territory. The most vociferous and at the same time the most successful was the reaction of the Southern Neighbour, who gained support of the European ‘democrats’, which de facto turned them into accomplices in the open blackmail that demanded the Republic of Macedonia to change its constitutional name. Namely, the 1992 Lisbon Declaration of the E(uropean) C(ouncil) imposed a demand to the Republic of Macedonia to accept any name that would not contain the word “Macedonia” in order to be recognized by the EU!?! The newly independent state was finally admitted to the UN under a reference “the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia” through violation of the provisions of the UN Charter. Twenty years later the country is still enforced to use the offensive reference, and often even to tolerate the FYROM acronym. This article deals precisely with the politics of pressures and blackmail exercised by NATO and EU with regard to the so-called name dispute. It also centers on national myths that are used in order to “justify” such politics and on the attitude of the European ‘democrats’ towards those national myths. In contrast to the democratic rules preached by NATO and EU across the world, the Republic of Macedonia was and still is blackmailed by an unprincipled demand to select a NEW name in order to please one member-state. As a consequence of that demand, the national myth linked with ancient Macedonians (so-called antiquisation, although the better term is antique-mania) has been revived and upgraded. A number of pseudo-historians with various professional backgrounds, such as journalists, politicians, writers, physicians, and even university professors, has involved in this endeavor. To make things worse, even some historians and archaeologists may be seen in this group, with a mission to defend the right to the name and identity. The societal climate has been politicized to such a degree that not only the neighbors but even the EU have been caught in the vicious circle of competing and mutually exclusive national myths. The Union obviously insists on the philhellenic myth i.e. on the alleged Hellenic roots of the European culture as such.
National myths in modern Europe and denial Macedonian identity
Keywords: Macedonia, European Union, national myths, archaeology, history.
reactions and denials by its neighbours, against the fact that she was the only peaceful actor in the Yugoslavia’s dissolution. The first negative reactions and denials came from the Southern Neighbor, whose denial was directed towards the name, i.e. the identity, while the others referred to the language, identity and even a part of the territory. The most vociferous and at the same time the most successful was the reaction of the Southern Neighbour, who gained support of the European ‘democrats’, which de facto turned them into accomplices in the open blackmail that demanded the Republic of Macedonia to change its constitutional name. Namely, the 1992 Lisbon Declaration of the E(uropean) C(ouncil) imposed a demand to the Republic of Macedonia to accept any name that would not contain the word “Macedonia” in order to be recognized by the EU!?! The newly independent state was finally admitted to the UN under a reference “the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia” through violation of the provisions of the UN Charter. Twenty years later the country is still enforced to use the offensive reference, and often even to tolerate the FYROM acronym. This article deals precisely with the politics of pressures and blackmail exercised by NATO and EU with regard to the so-called name dispute. It also centers on national myths that are used in order to “justify” such politics and on the attitude of the European ‘democrats’ towards those national myths. In contrast to the democratic rules preached by NATO and EU across the world, the Republic of Macedonia was and still is blackmailed by an unprincipled demand to select a NEW name in order to please one member-state. As a consequence of that demand, the national myth linked with ancient Macedonians (so-called antiquisation, although the better term is antique-mania) has been revived and upgraded. A number of pseudo-historians with various professional backgrounds, such as journalists, politicians, writers, physicians, and even university professors, has involved in this endeavor. To make things worse, even some historians and archaeologists may be seen in this group, with a mission to defend the right to the name and identity. The societal climate has been politicized to such a degree that not only the neighbors but even the EU have been caught in the vicious circle of competing and mutually exclusive national myths. The Union obviously insists on the philhellenic myth i.e. on the alleged Hellenic roots of the European culture as such.
National myths in modern Europe and denial Macedonian identity
Keywords: Macedonia, European Union, national myths, archaeology, history.
Research Interests:
Iconographic schemes for heroizing the deceased in Macedonia are represented in two different ways: realistic and schematized. For the realistic manner two motifs have been used: one is a horseman standing still or in motion, and the... more
Iconographic schemes for heroizing the deceased in Macedonia are represented in two different ways: realistic and schematized. For the realistic manner two motifs have been used: one is a horseman standing still or in motion, and the other motif is a bust. The schematized method of heroization depicts the figure-statue of the deceased on a pedestal as a pine tree, or the soul of the deceased as a sun rosette or solar disk. In both instances the type of substitution of the deceased is both peculiar and unique to Macedonia. Depending on its position on the funerary monument, the same motif could denote either heroized ancestors (pediment) or heroized deceased (relief). Thus the horseman and deceased in the form of a stylized tree (both motifs of local origin), or the bust (a motif of Roman provenance) when depicted in the pediment represent heroized ancestors while horseman or bust/s in the relief panel represent the deceased.
The dating of Roman provincial funerary monuments presents many difficulties due to the lack of valuable criteria. Dated monuments are rare, and even then, the problem of using two eras is unsolvable – very often, the era is not... more
The dating of Roman provincial funerary monuments presents many difficulties due
to the lack of valuable criteria. Dated monuments are rare, and even then, the problem
of using two eras is unsolvable – very often, the era is not specified.
Because of the deficiencies of certain criteria for dating of monuments we have
to use both epigraphic (paleography, onomastics, prosopography, known historical events,
etc.) and stylistic (portrait, coiffure, clothing, etc.) data for which we need knowledge
of two disciplines - archaeology andepigraphy.
Mots clés Macédoine, monuments funéraires, l’ère macédonienne, l’ère d’Actium,
critères épigraphiques, paléographie, l’onomastique, éléments stylistiques, portraits
to the lack of valuable criteria. Dated monuments are rare, and even then, the problem
of using two eras is unsolvable – very often, the era is not specified.
Because of the deficiencies of certain criteria for dating of monuments we have
to use both epigraphic (paleography, onomastics, prosopography, known historical events,
etc.) and stylistic (portrait, coiffure, clothing, etc.) data for which we need knowledge
of two disciplines - archaeology andepigraphy.
Mots clés Macédoine, monuments funéraires, l’ère macédonienne, l’ère d’Actium,
critères épigraphiques, paléographie, l’onomastique, éléments stylistiques, portraits
The customs of ‘heroizing’ the deceased in Macedonia of the roman times The heroizing of the deceased on stelae from the Roman period in Macedonia is represented by iconographic schemes in relief and sometimes there is indication heros in... more
The customs of ‘heroizing’ the deceased in Macedonia of the roman times The heroizing of the deceased on stelae from the Roman period in Macedonia is represented by iconographic schemes in relief and sometimes there is indication heros in the inscription. In the inscriptions are also mentioned heroons, which had been built for the heroized deceased. We analyze in this work four iconographic schemes used for heroizing the dead. These iconographic schemes are represented in Macedonia in two different ways: realistic and schematized. For representation of heroized deceased in a realistic way two motifs had been used: one is representation of the horseman standing still or in motion and the other is figurestatue of the deceased on a pedestal. The schematized way of representing heroization is depicting the deceased as pine tree or the soul of the deceased as sun rosette and in both instances it represents the substitution of the deceased. Identical motif depending on its position on the funerary monument could denote either heroized ancestors or heroized deceased. Thus the horseman – motif of local origin or bust – motif of Roman provenance depicted in the fronton represent heroized ancestors while horseman or bust/s in the relief panel represent the deceased. The schematized manner of heroizing is presented in an original way and it seems that it is typical only of Macedonia. It is heroization of the deceased depicted as evergreen tree with head shaped as pine cone or just the pine cone placed on the altar. The motif of pine tree and pine cone was taken from the Roman repertoire but in that process the inventiveness of the Macedonian artists made its presence felt. Another original scheme is sun rosette like the hypostasis of the soul of the deceased, i.e. the substitution of the dead revealing that ancient epichoric beliefs had not been forgotten even by the Romanized native population.
Pine and pinecones decorated funerary stelae from Pelagonia – Upper Macedonia A group of about 10 funerary monuments decorated with motifs of pine and pinecone, found in the northeast part of Pelagonia, where in an original and peculiar... more
Pine and pinecones decorated funerary stelae from Pelagonia – Upper Macedonia A group of about 10 funerary monuments decorated with motifs of pine and pinecone, found in the northeast part of Pelagonia, where in an original and peculiar manner for the Roman provincial art dead persons are presented as heroes and not as divinities, as interpreted in the literature. The iconographic motifs shows that this typical Roman motif has not been automatically appropriated but adapted to the local beliefs of immortality, so one can not speak of external influence but about creation of a new and original iconographic style by the local stonecutters. It is evident that these stelae are made in the same workshop, which was apparently located on the territory of the town Pelagonia established by the Romans as a center of IV region.
This is a new edition of a book written by Macedonian revolutionary, journalist, and writer Angel Dinev, published in Bulgarian back in 1944. The book is translated into Macedonian annotated with explanatory remarks, an introduction, a... more
This is a new edition of a book written by Macedonian revolutionary, journalist, and writer Angel Dinev, published in Bulgarian back in 1944. The book is translated into Macedonian annotated with explanatory remarks, an introduction, a summary, and lexicon of persons mentioned in Dinev’s text.
Il s'agit d'une nouvelle édition du livre écrit par le révolutionnaire, journaliste et écrivain macédonien Angel Dinev, publié en bulgare en 1944. Le livre est traduit en macédonien et annoté de remarques explicatives, d'une introduction, d'un résumé et d'un lexique des personnes mentionnées dans le texte de Dinev.
Il s'agit d'une nouvelle édition du livre écrit par le révolutionnaire, journaliste et écrivain macédonien Angel Dinev, publié en bulgare en 1944. Le livre est traduit en macédonien et annoté de remarques explicatives, d'une introduction, d'un résumé et d'un lexique des personnes mentionnées dans le texte de Dinev.
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Ce livre traite de la religion qui est le sujet le moins étudié de l'histoire macédonienne, non seulement dans son ensemble, mais certains problèmes et dieux du panthéon macédonien sont complètement négligés. Les principales raisons à... more
Ce livre traite de la religion qui est le sujet le moins étudié de l'histoire macédonienne, non seulement dans son ensemble, mais certains problèmes et dieux du panthéon macédonien sont complètement négligés. Les principales raisons à cela sont: l'interprétation hellénique des divinités et institutions non grecques, les soi-disant interpretatio graeca; etude hellénocentrique (du point de vue des anciens Grecs) non seulement de l'histoire des anciens Macédoniens, mais aussi de la période antique dans son ensemble; la présomption que les anciens Macédoniens étaient des Grecs (Hellènes) ainsi que la politisation moderne de la question de l'ethnicité des anciens Macédoniens.
L'approche de la religion dans ce livre est de l'aspect de l'histoire macédonienne, en tenant compte de l'interprétation hellénique des auteurs anciens. L'objectif principal est de dissocier et de distinguer les dieux macédoniens des strates préhelléniques-achéennes dans la religion grecque, ainsi que des dieux helléniques, puis des dieux d'origine orientale domestiqués par les Hellènes et enfin de les comparer aux dieux helléniques en afin de «réhabiliter» le panthéon macédonien et la pratique religieuse macédonienne.
L'approche de la religion dans ce livre est de l'aspect de l'histoire macédonienne, en tenant compte de l'interprétation hellénique des auteurs anciens. L'objectif principal est de dissocier et de distinguer les dieux macédoniens des strates préhelléniques-achéennes dans la religion grecque, ainsi que des dieux helléniques, puis des dieux d'origine orientale domestiqués par les Hellènes et enfin de les comparer aux dieux helléniques en afin de «réhabiliter» le panthéon macédonien et la pratique religieuse macédonienne.
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The author of the book Triptych on the Macedonian identity (in Macedonian with summary and résumé) considers the Macedonian identity from a sociological and anthropological aspect using original historical sources from the Middle Ages up... more
The author of the book Triptych on the Macedonian identity (in Macedonian with summary and résumé) considers the Macedonian identity from a sociological and anthropological aspect using original historical sources from the Middle Ages up to the present. In the first chapter, the Author presents written sources from the Middle Ages, analyzing the meaning of the terms Bulgari, Bulgarini and Boulgareis. The second chapter is devoted to the testimonies of foreign journalists and military reporters from the Balkan Wars when the Macedonian soldiers were fighting under the flags of the neighboring states, hoping to get freedom from the Ottoman rule, as well as, to original documents such as military cards and letters of the Macedonian soldiers from the World War I. The focus of the third chapter is on the, so-called, name issue imposed by the Southern Neighbor, endorsed and managed by the USA and other Western countries. In short, the subject of the book is not the military history, but the identity of today’s Macedonians throughout their long history, which, besides being treated as socio-anthropological, it can be seen as historical and political, as well. In this regard, this book provides answers to the denial of the Macedonian identity which is a frequent case after the independence of the Republic of Macedonia. The denial by the Macedonian’s neighbors, whose old aspirations concerning the Macedonians and Macedonia are well known, have increased enormously and with unprecedented vigor, arrogance and ambition. This book offers strong arguments against the denial of the Macedonian national identity.
L'auteur du livre Triptyque sur l'identité macédonienne (en macédonien, avec résumé en anglais et en français) considère l'identité macédonienne sous un aspect sociologique et anthropologique à l'aide de sources historiques originales à partir du Moyen Âge à nos jours. Dans le premier chapitre, l'auteur présente des sources écrites du Moyen-Âge analysant le sens des termes Bulgari, Bulgarini et Boulgareis. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré aux témoignages de correspondants militaires et de journalistes étrangers des guerres Balkaniques lorsque des soldats macédoniens combattaient sous les drapeaux des États voisins, dans l'espoir d'être libérés de la domination ottomane, ainsi qu’aux documents originaux tels que des cartes et des lettres militaires des soldats macédoniens de la Première guerre mondiale. Le troisième chapitre est consacré à la soi-disant question du nom imposée par le Voisin du Sud soutenue et gérée par les États-Unis et d’autres pays occidentaux. En bref, le sujet du livre n’est pas l’histoire militaire, mais l’identité des Macédoniens d’aujourd’hui tout au long de leur longue histoire. En plus d’être traitée comme socio-anthropologique, le sujet peut aussi être considérée comme historique et politique. À cet égard, ce livre apporte des réponses à la négation de l'identité macédonienne, un cas fréquent après l'indépendance de la République de Macédoine. Le déni des voisins macédoniens, dont les anciennes aspirations vis-à-vis des Macédoniens et de la Macédoine sont bien connues, a considérablement augmenté et cela avec une vigueur, une arrogance et une ambition sans précédent. Ce livre propose de solides arguments contre la négation de l'identité nationale macédonienne.
L'auteur du livre Triptyque sur l'identité macédonienne (en macédonien, avec résumé en anglais et en français) considère l'identité macédonienne sous un aspect sociologique et anthropologique à l'aide de sources historiques originales à partir du Moyen Âge à nos jours. Dans le premier chapitre, l'auteur présente des sources écrites du Moyen-Âge analysant le sens des termes Bulgari, Bulgarini et Boulgareis. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré aux témoignages de correspondants militaires et de journalistes étrangers des guerres Balkaniques lorsque des soldats macédoniens combattaient sous les drapeaux des États voisins, dans l'espoir d'être libérés de la domination ottomane, ainsi qu’aux documents originaux tels que des cartes et des lettres militaires des soldats macédoniens de la Première guerre mondiale. Le troisième chapitre est consacré à la soi-disant question du nom imposée par le Voisin du Sud soutenue et gérée par les États-Unis et d’autres pays occidentaux. En bref, le sujet du livre n’est pas l’histoire militaire, mais l’identité des Macédoniens d’aujourd’hui tout au long de leur longue histoire. En plus d’être traitée comme socio-anthropologique, le sujet peut aussi être considérée comme historique et politique. À cet égard, ce livre apporte des réponses à la négation de l'identité macédonienne, un cas fréquent après l'indépendance de la République de Macédoine. Le déni des voisins macédoniens, dont les anciennes aspirations vis-à-vis des Macédoniens et de la Macédoine sont bien connues, a considérablement augmenté et cela avec une vigueur, une arrogance et une ambition sans précédent. Ce livre propose de solides arguments contre la négation de l'identité nationale macédonienne.
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The Collection HISTORIA ANTIQUA MACEDONICA is conceived and edited by prof. Dr. Nade Proeva first of all to cater for the needs of the students, as well as for academic and other interested audience in order to fill the gap in scientific... more
The Collection HISTORIA ANTIQUA MACEDONICA is conceived and edited by prof. Dr. Nade Proeva first of all to cater for the needs of the students, as well as for academic and other interested audience in order to fill the gap in scientific literature on this field and prevent misconceptions and political manipulation especially amongst the younger generations.
This collection began with publication of translations of works by top experts (four from French – HAM nos. 1, 2, 4, 6 of which one is a travelogue, HAM no. 6); two textbooks from Serbian (HAM nos. 3 and 9 which are part of a trilogy: Time of Alexander The Great, Diadochoi and Epigonoi); then works by home authors: a textbook (HAM no. 8); two books on history (HAM nos. 5 and 10) and another on the subject of the religion of the Ancient Macedonians (HAM no. 11), as well as translation with extensive comments and notes on Plutarch’s 10 Biographies of important figures in the history of the Ancient Macedonians (HAM no. 7)
This collection began with publication of translations of works by top experts (four from French – HAM nos. 1, 2, 4, 6 of which one is a travelogue, HAM no. 6); two textbooks from Serbian (HAM nos. 3 and 9 which are part of a trilogy: Time of Alexander The Great, Diadochoi and Epigonoi); then works by home authors: a textbook (HAM no. 8); two books on history (HAM nos. 5 and 10) and another on the subject of the religion of the Ancient Macedonians (HAM no. 11), as well as translation with extensive comments and notes on Plutarch’s 10 Biographies of important figures in the history of the Ancient Macedonians (HAM no. 7)
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see the resume
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voir le resume (see the french summary)
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book review : The readers are presented with a book: Р. Никовски , Улогата на САД во македонските голготи (1991 – 2013), Скопје 2013, 202 pp., written by a R. Nikovski Macedonian diplomat, participant and witness of many large-scale... more
book review :
The readers are presented with a book: Р. Никовски , Улогата на САД во македонските голготи (1991 – 2013), Скопје 2013, 202 pp., written by a R. Nikovski Macedonian diplomat, participant and witness of many large-scale historical events - the collapse of Yugoslavia, the creation of an independent Macedonian state. The book is translated into Russian and English. The object of the study is the foreign and domestic policy of Macedonia in 1991-2015. The author looks more closely at the influence of the USA on the situation in Macedonia.
Вниманию читателей представляется книга : Р. Никовский Улогата на САД во македонските голготи (1991 – 2013), Скопје 2013, 202 стр .= США и независимая Македония, Москва: Институт славяноведения РАН, 2016, 195 стр., написанная македонским дипломатом, участником и свидетелем многих масштабных исторических событий – распада Югославии, создания независимой Македонии, становления македонского государства. Объект исследования – внешняя и внутренняя политика Македонии в 1991-2015 гг. Более пристально автор рассматривает влияние США на ситуацию в Македонии.
The readers are presented with a book: Р. Никовски , Улогата на САД во македонските голготи (1991 – 2013), Скопје 2013, 202 pp., written by a R. Nikovski Macedonian diplomat, participant and witness of many large-scale historical events - the collapse of Yugoslavia, the creation of an independent Macedonian state. The book is translated into Russian and English. The object of the study is the foreign and domestic policy of Macedonia in 1991-2015. The author looks more closely at the influence of the USA on the situation in Macedonia.
Вниманию читателей представляется книга : Р. Никовский Улогата на САД во македонските голготи (1991 – 2013), Скопје 2013, 202 стр .= США и независимая Македония, Москва: Институт славяноведения РАН, 2016, 195 стр., написанная македонским дипломатом, участником и свидетелем многих масштабных исторических событий – распада Югославии, создания независимой Македонии, становления македонского государства. Объект исследования – внешняя и внутренняя политика Македонии в 1991-2015 гг. Более пристально автор рассматривает влияние США на ситуацию в Македонии.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
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review of: E. Muñiz Grijalvo, J. M. Cortés Copete, F. Lozano Gómez (eds.), Empire and Religion, Religious Change in Greek Cities under Roman Rule, Leiden-Boston, 2017 in Impact of Empire, vol. 25, 221 стр. This book publishes articles... more
review of:
E. Muñiz Grijalvo, J. M. Cortés Copete, F. Lozano Gómez (eds.), Empire and Religion, Religious Change in Greek Cities under Roman Rule, Leiden-Boston, 2017 in Impact of Empire, vol. 25, 221 стр.
This book publishes articles from the scientific meeting held in November 2014. in Seville. The ten contributions of this book show the influence of the Roman government on indigenous religion in the Hellenophone cities of the Roman Empire. The works, which are connected only by a common theme, cover a wide geographical range - from Asia in the east, through Egypt and mainland Greece to Rome, to end with the Roman province of Macedonia, more precisely with a display of cults in the Roman colony of Philippi.
E. Muñiz Grijalvo, J. M. Cortés Copete, F. Lozano Gómez (eds.), Empire and Religion, Religious Change in Greek Cities under Roman Rule, Leiden-Boston, 2017 in Impact of Empire, vol. 25, 221 стр.
This book publishes articles from the scientific meeting held in November 2014. in Seville. The ten contributions of this book show the influence of the Roman government on indigenous religion in the Hellenophone cities of the Roman Empire. The works, which are connected only by a common theme, cover a wide geographical range - from Asia in the east, through Egypt and mainland Greece to Rome, to end with the Roman province of Macedonia, more precisely with a display of cults in the Roman colony of Philippi.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Comptes rendus bibliographiques/Критика и библиографија ŽAnt 65 (2015) 67-70 67 COMPTES RENDUS BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES-КРИТИКА И БИБЛИОГРАФИЈА DAN DANA, ONOMASTICON THRACICUM, RÉPERTOIRE DES NOMS INDIGÈNES DE THRACE, MACÉDOINE ORIENTALE, MÉSIES,... more
Comptes rendus bibliographiques/Критика и библиографија ŽAnt 65 (2015) 67-70 67 COMPTES RENDUS BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES-КРИТИКА И БИБЛИОГРАФИЈА DAN DANA, ONOMASTICON THRACICUM, RÉPERTOIRE DES NOMS INDIGÈNES DE THRACE, MACÉDOINE ORIENTALE, MÉSIES, DACIE ET BITHYNIE, Meletimata, no 70, Athenes, 2014, стр. LIV, + 459, карти 51 Книгава се состои од две големи целини. Првата е составена од чети-ри глави: 1. историјат на изучувањaта на тракиските имиња; 2. извори; 3. тра-киската ономастика распоредена во четири големи области, морфологија и видови имиња; 4. принципи за изучување. Втората целина ja сочинува ката-логот на имиња, при што во три додатоци се издвоени нецелосно зачувани-те имиња; оние со несигурно читање и потекло; signa и supernomina, како и список на ономастички формули, испуштен во содржината на книгата. Кни-гата завршува со три детални и многу корисни показатели на имињата: први-от со бројки за посведоченоста на имињата, вториот е составен од најчести-те имињата, а во третиот имињата се дадени обратно, што е многу корисно за дополнување на оштетени имиња на натписите. Во првата глава најпрво детално е прикажан историјатот на изучува-њата на тракискиот ономастикон: лексиката и обидите за дефинирање на тра-кискиот јазик, а потоа историското толкување на имињата прикажано спо-ред земјите од каде потекнуваат авторите (Бугарија, Романија, Југославија, Грција, Унгарија, Русија и западните земји-претежно француските, со бегол приказ на оние од другите земји меѓу кои и на прочуениот фински епигра-фичар Х. Солин). Авторот многу остро го критикува некритичкиот однос при дефинирање на тракиските имиња и идеолошото толкување што е најмногу изразено во Бугарија, каде 1972-та во Софија, од политички мотиви, е фор-миран Траколошки Институт и воведена изразито идеолошки обоената дис-циплина-тракологија. За разлика од острите критики на ставовите на изу-чувачите од балканските земји, грчките автори се само наброени и поштеде-ни од каква и да е оценка-издавачот на книгата е КЕРА од Атина. Како пример за сложеноста на ономастичките изучувања и политизација го зема примерот на современа Македонија и етничкото шаренило до ХХ век, без да каже дека тоа не е белег само на Македонија туку на целиот Балкан. Како научник не е можно да не го знае тоа и не требало да го премолчи. Имено многу добро се знае дека ситуацијата во ХХ век беше иста во сите балкански земји кои, за разлика од Македонија, спроведоа хомогенизација на населе-нието и на топонимите преку нивните државни механизми. Но иако зборува за Балканот и за Македонија авторот не дава пример од Балканот туку за хо-могенизација на топонимите го споменува случајот во Анадолија, премолчу-вајќи го менувањето на топонимите и на личните имиња во тнр. егејски дел на Македонија што Грција го доби по балканските војни каде што во 1926 год. грчките власти со закон ги преименуваа словенските и турски топоними. Исто така го премолчува уште поочигледниот пример на чистење на роман-скиот јазик од словенските зборови што во 1862 год. започна со заменување
Research Interests:
book review:
Séve Michel – Weber Patrick, Guide du forum de Philippes,
Séve Michel – Weber Patrick, Guide du forum de Philippes,
Research Interests:
book review
D. Braund, Greek Religion and Cults in the Black Sea region: goddesses in the Bosporan Kingdom from the Archaic Period to the Byzantine Era, Cambridge University Press,
D. Braund, Greek Religion and Cults in the Black Sea region: goddesses in the Bosporan Kingdom from the Archaic Period to the Byzantine Era, Cambridge University Press,
Research Interests:
In the monograph series of Belgrade Archaeological Institute, a collection of articles entitled "Illuricum Romanum" has been published in honor of Institute member Dr. Miloje Vasic, on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of his birth.... more
In the monograph series of Belgrade Archaeological Institute, a collection of articles entitled "Illuricum Romanum" has been published in honor of Institute member Dr. Miloje Vasic, on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of his birth. This Serbian archaeologist and numismatist had studied the ancient period of the Roman province of Upper Moesia, with a strong interest in the period of late Antiquity (the imperial villas of Mediana near Niš, Romuliana-Gamzigrad, the Danube limes, etc.). The collection consists of 20 articles written by his colleagues addressing various topics from antiquity. The editors of the Collection are two of his colleagues, who in the introduction followed by a bibliography until 2019 (the retirement in 2007 was not the end of his scientific work), had presented the professional and scientific achievements during his successful professional life. It is worth noting and complimented the editors who have not succumbed to the fashionable globalist custom of all articles being in English, and although English prevails, there are articles in German and French, both main languages of scientific literature for Antiquity. The collection contains thematic works from all areas of the ancient period: town planning and architecture (urban, defensive, and imperial), communications, minor archaeological finding, epigraphics, numismatics, religious (reliefs, statues of gods); as well as for the funeral cult and the religious ideology of the emperors of the Tetrarchy, and it is not understandable why the articles are not grouped by topic. This is all the more true, given the longevity and the multi-layered character of the archaeological sites, the chronological arrangement of the articles is almost impossible, although it seems to have been done in part, it is still not known by what principle the collection has been arranged. In such cases, the best solution is to organize the articles in alphabetical order.
Research Interests:
The legend of Philemon and Baucis transmitted in literary form by P. Ovidius Naso (Metamorphosis, VIII, 628 - 730), in fact reflect the primeval belief in eternal life, imagining and representing the dead in the form of the tree. We can... more
The legend of Philemon and Baucis transmitted in literary form by P. Ovidius Naso (Metamorphosis, VIII, 628 - 730), in fact reflect the primeval belief in eternal life, imagining and representing the dead in the form of the tree. We can observe the reflection of this legend that is to say of this belief of the afterlife, much later on the funerary monuments of Roman times in Upper Macedonia (spread across the Middle Axios valley, present day Vardar River), showing the deceased in the form of a tree (here a pine-tree, according to the funeral practice then). The reason for this survival in Macedonia can be found in the recalled tradition of migration of the Brygians from Macedonia to Asia Minor, where they were known as the Phrygians in the historic times (Herodotus, Strabo, Plinius). These tombstones corroborate the historicity of the migration of the Brigyans, revealing the Brygian substrate in the ethno-genesis of the ancient Macedonians. An impetus to revive these beliefs shared by Macedonians and Phrygians was the increase of trade contacts between the Balkans and Asia Minor during the Roman imperial period.