Víctor Yepes
Universitat Politècnica de València, Construction Engineering, Faculty Member
- Víctor Yepes is a Full Professor with tenure at the Department of Construction Engineering, Universitat Politecnica d... moreVíctor Yepes is a Full Professor with tenure at the Department of Construction Engineering, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia in Valencia, Spain. He holds a Ph.D. degree in civil engineering and has been the Academic Director of the M.S. studies in concrete materials and structures since 2007. He has received the Academic Excellence Award from the Social Council, the Excellent Research Career Award, and the Excellent Research Impact Award, both granted by the Universitat Politècnica de València. Furthermore, he is a Concrete Science and Technology Institute (ICITECH) member. He is currently involved in several projects related to the optimization and life-cycle assessment of concrete structures and optimization models for infrastructure asset management. He also teaches construction methods, innovation, and quality management courses. Dr. Yepes has authored over 350 journal and conference papers, including over 160 published journals quoted in JCR. He has acted as an Expert for project proposal evaluation for the Spanish Ministry of Technology and Science and is the Main Researcher on many projects. He also serves on the editorial board of 12 international journals, including Structure & Infrastructure Engineering, Structural Engineering and Mechanics, Mathematics, Sustainability, Revista de la Construcción, Advances in Civil Engineering, and Advances in Concrete Construction.edit
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Due to the rapid economic development of globalization and the intensification of economic and trade exchanges, cross-international and regional carbon emissions have become increasingly severe. Governments worldwide establish laws and... more
Due to the rapid economic development of globalization and the intensification of economic and trade exchanges, cross-international and regional carbon emissions have become increasingly severe. Governments worldwide establish laws and regulations to protect their countries' environmental impact. Therefore, selecting robustness evaluation models and metrics is an urgent research topic. This article proves the reliability and scientific of the assessment data through literature coupling evaluation, multidisciplinary coupling mathematical model and international engineering case analysis. The innovation of this project's research lies in the comprehensive analysis of the complex coupling effects of various discrete data and uncertainty indicators on the research model across international projects and how to model and evaluate interactive effects accurately. This article provides scientific measurement standards and data support for governments worldwide to formulate carbon tariffs and carbon emission policies. Case analysis data shows that the carbon emission ratio of exporting and importing countries is 0.577:100; the carbon trading quota ratio is 32.50:100.
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The critical earthquakes of the last few years highlight the urgent seismic retrofitting of existing buildings due to their aging or inadequate design. This paper aims to evaluate reinforced concrete column retrofit alternatives in a... more
The critical earthquakes of the last few years highlight the urgent seismic retrofitting of existing buildings due to their aging or inadequate design. This paper aims to evaluate reinforced concrete column retrofit alternatives in a region of high seismic risk. Significant economic, environmental, and functional factors must be considered when deciding between various building retrofit options. The study uses a cradle-to-grave analysis to examine the economic and environmental impacts through life cycle assessments. Specifically, the life-cycle performance of three classic alternatives for rehabilitating columns lacking adequate confinement is compared: concrete jacketing, steel jacketing, and carbon fiber incorporation. The research adopts a holistic approach using multi-criteria decision-making methods, integrating economic, environmental, and functional criteria. A set of criteria and indicators is presented in a structured hierarchy that facilitates the orderly evaluation of alternatives. The results suggest that steel jacketing is preferred, as it presents a balanced performance in most criteria. The incorporation of carbon fiber is viable due to its low environmental and functional impact, although the high production costs of the raw materials limit it. In contrast, concrete jacketing has the highest environmental and functional impacts, making it the least favorable option. The results of this study will provide relevant information for engineers and decision-makers to select the most suitable options for building retrofit when considering several simultaneous perspectives.
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I-section girders with different types of steel in the flanges and web (f yf > f yw , respectively) are known as transverse hybrid girders. These have proven to be more economical than their homogeneous counterparts. However, the use of... more
I-section girders with different types of steel in the flanges and web (f yf > f yw , respectively) are known as transverse hybrid girders. These have proven to be more economical than their homogeneous counterparts. However, the use of hybrid configurations in the longitudinal direction of the element has yet to be studied. This paper uses optimization techniques to explore the possibility of constructing transverse and longitudinally hybrid (TLH) steel girders. The optimization objective is to minimize the manufacturing cost, including seven activities besides the material cost. The geometrically double symmetric I-girder design subjected to a uniform transverse load is performed using Eurocode 3 specifications. Nine case studies are implemented, varying the element span (L) and the applied load. The results show that establishing various configurations along the length of the element is beneficial. The optimum number of transition points is six, meaning the girder will have four configurations, i.e., one central and three others symmetrically distributed toward each half of the element. The optimum position for the first transition would be at 0:24 * (L/2), the second at 0:40 * (L/2), and the third at 0:60 * (L/2). The optimum extreme configuration is usually homogeneous (f yf = f yw = 235 MPa). The others increase the steel quality in the plates, maintaining hybrid arrangements to reach the central one that usually remains with S700 steel for the flanges and S355 for the web. The study shows that TLH configurations are more effective for elements with larger spans. By applying the formulated design recommendations in a different case study, the manufacturing cost dropped by over 50% compared to the traditionally designed element and by more than 10% relative to the optimized element with a homogeneous configuration. The study's limitations and encouraging results suggest future lines of research in this area.
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This paper addresses a study of cost-optimal road modular hinged frames. The performance of three hybrid metaheuristics is assessed through a fractional factorial design of experiments. The results allow for selecting and calibrating the... more
This paper addresses a study of cost-optimal road modular hinged frames. The performance of three hybrid metaheuristics is assessed through a fractional factorial design of experiments. The results allow for selecting and calibrating the hybrid simulated annealing to solve the combinatorial optimization problem. By varying the horizontal span from 8 to 16 meters and the earth cover from 1 to 5 meters, 25 different structural configurations are studied. The calibrated methodology is applied to obtain nine different frames with optimal costs for each configuration. The study of the economic, environmental and geometrical characteristics of the 225 optimum structures allows for the development of a regression analysis. With R2 correlation coefficients close to the unit, the expressions form a valuable tool for calculating the final cost, associated emissions, embodied energy and particular geometric characteristics. The optimum structures present slender and densely reinforced designs....
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Sustainable development requires improvements in the use of natural resources. The main objective of the present study was to optimize the use of materials in the construction of reinforced concrete precast hinged frames. Proprietary... more
Sustainable development requires improvements in the use of natural resources. The main objective of the present study was to optimize the use of materials in the construction of reinforced concrete precast hinged frames. Proprietary software was developed in the Python programming language. This allowed the structure’s calculation, verification and optimization through the application of metaheuristic techniques. The final cost is a direct representation of the use of materials. Thus, three algorithms were applied to solve the economic optimization of the frame. By applying simulated annealing, threshold accepting and old bachelor’s acceptance algorithms, sustainable, non-traditional designs were achieved. These make optimal use of natural resources while maintaining a highly restricted final cost. In order to evaluate the environmental impact improvement, the carbon-dioxide-associated emissions were studied and compared with a reference cast-in-place reinforced concrete frame. The...
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This paper deals with optimizing embedded carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions using surrogate modeling, whether it is the deck of a post-tensioned cast-in-place concrete slab bridge or any other design structure. The main contribution of this... more
This paper deals with optimizing embedded carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions using surrogate modeling, whether it is the deck of a post-tensioned cast-in-place concrete slab bridge or any other design structure. The main contribution of this proposal is that it allows optimizing structures methodically and sequentially. The approach presents two sequential phases of optimization, the first one of diversification and the second one of intensification of the search for optimums. Finally, with the amount of CO2 emissions and the differentiating characteristics of each design, a heuristic optimization based on a Kriging metamodel is performed. An optimized solution with lower emissions than the analyzed sample is obtained. If CO2 emissions were to be reduced, design recommendations would be to use slendernesses as high as possible, in the range of 1/30, which implies a more significant amount of passive reinforcement. This increase in passive reinforcement is compensated by reducing the mea...
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The definition of sustainability includes three fundamental pillars: economic, environmental, and social. Studies of the economic impact on civil engineering infrastructures have been focused on cost reduction. It is not necessarily in... more
The definition of sustainability includes three fundamental pillars: economic, environmental, and social. Studies of the economic impact on civil engineering infrastructures have been focused on cost reduction. It is not necessarily in line with economic sustainability due to the lack of other economic factors. Moreover, the social pillar assessment has been weakly developed compared to the economic and the environmental ones. It is essential to focus on the social pillar and evaluate clear indicators that allow researchers to compare alternatives. Furthermore, bridge life cycle assessment studies have been focused on concrete options. This has resulted in a lack of analysis of the impact of composite bridge alternatives. This study is conducted in two stages. The first part of the study makes a cradle-to-grave social and environmental sustainability evaluation with the SOCA v2 and ecoinvent v3.7.1 databases. This assessment is carried out on four concrete and composite bridge alter...
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The aim of this paper is to establish an international framework for sustainable project management in engineering, to make up the lack of research in this field, and to propose a scientific theoretical basis for the establishment of a... more
The aim of this paper is to establish an international framework for sustainable project management in engineering, to make up the lack of research in this field, and to propose a scientific theoretical basis for the establishment of a new project management system. The article adopts literature review, mathematical programming algorithm and case study as the research method. The literature review applied the visual clustering research method and analyzed the results of 21-year research in this field. As a result, the project management system was found to have defects and deficiencies. A mathematical model was established to analyze the composition and elements of the optimized international project management system. The case study research selected large bridges for analysis and verified the superiority and practicability of the theoretical system. Thus, the goal of sustainable development of bridges was achieved. The value of this re-search lies in establishing a comprehensive i...
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Los autores agradecen el apoyo financiero del Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad espanol, asi como la financiacion del FEDER (Proyecto: BIA2017-85098-R).
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This paper deals with a postgraduate course in project engineering that forms part of an MSc course in Concrete Engineering at the Universitat Politècnica de València. The course is concerned first with the basic heuristic algorithms for... more
This paper deals with a postgraduate course in project engineering that forms part of an MSc course in Concrete Engineering at the Universitat Politècnica de València. The course is concerned first with the basic heuristic algorithms for structural optimization, and it then moves to the application of such algorithms to the practical design of real concrete structures such as walls, road portal and box frames, building frames, vaults, bridge piers, abutments and decks. Two design cases are presented. Simulated annealing (SA) is firstly applied to a prestressed concrete precast pedestrian bridges typically used in public works construction. The second type of structure analysed is a 35-35-35-35m prestressed concrete road bridge deck and 12m of width. A hybrid memetic algorithm (MA) is applied to the cost function objective. Finally, case studies indicate that heuristic optimization is a forthcoming option for the design of real-life prestressed structures.
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The construction industry of all countries in the world is facing the issue of sustainable development. How to make effective and accurate decision-making on the three pillars (Environment; Economy; Social influence) is the key factor.... more
The construction industry of all countries in the world is facing the issue of sustainable development. How to make effective and accurate decision-making on the three pillars (Environment; Economy; Social influence) is the key factor. This manuscript is based on an accurate evaluation framework and theoretical modelling. Through a comprehensive evaluation of six cable-stayed highway bridges in the entire life cycle of five provinces in China (from cradle to grave), the research shows that life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), life cycle cost assessment (LCCA), and social impact life assessment (SILA) are under the influence of multi-factor change decisions. The manuscript focused on the analysis of the natural environment over 100 years, material replacement, waste recycling, traffic density, casualty costs, community benefits and other key factors. Based on the analysis data, the close connection between high pollution levels and high cost in the maintenance stage was deeply promot...
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The optimization of the cost and CO 2 emissions in earth-retaining walls is of relevance, since these structures are often used in civil engineering. The optimization of costs is essential for the competitiveness of the construction... more
The optimization of the cost and CO 2 emissions in earth-retaining walls is of relevance, since these structures are often used in civil engineering. The optimization of costs is essential for the competitiveness of the construction company, and the optimization of emissions is relevant in the environmental impact of construction. To address the optimization, black hole metaheuristics were used, along with a discretization mechanism based on min–max normalization. The stability of the algorithm was evaluated with respect to the solutions obtained; the steel and concrete values obtained in both optimizations were analyzed. Additionally, the geometric variables of the structure were compared. Finally, the results obtained were compared with another algorithm that solved the problem. The results show that there is a trade-off between the use of steel and concrete. The solutions that minimize CO 2 emissions prefer the use of concrete instead of those that optimize the cost. On the other...
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Given the great impacts associated with the construction and maintenance of infrastructures in both the environmental, the economic and the social dimensions, a sustainable approach to their design appears essential to ease the fulfilment... more
Given the great impacts associated with the construction and maintenance of infrastructures in both the environmental, the economic and the social dimensions, a sustainable approach to their design appears essential to ease the fulfilment of the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations. Multicriteria decision-making methods are usually applied to address the complex and often conflicting criteria that characterise sustainability. The present study aims to review the current state of the art regarding the application of such techniques in the sustainability assessment of infrastructures, analysing as well the sustainability impacts and criteria included in the assessments. The Analytic Hierarchy Process is the most frequently used weighting technique. Simple Additive Weighting has turned out to be the most applied decision-making method to assess the weighted criteria. Although a life cycle assessment approach is recurrently used to evaluate sustainability, standardise...
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Research Interests: Civil Engineering, Computer Science, Structural Engineering, Structural Optimization, Metamodelling, and 15 moreOptimization techniques, Structures and Fire Engineering, Bridge Engineering, Embodied Energy, Enery Engineering, Kriging, Bridges, Concrete structures, HIGHWAY ROADS AND BRIDGES, Proyectos De Ingenieria, Post Tensioned Concrete Structures, Box Girder, Ingenieria De La Construcción, Metamodel, and PSC Box Girder Bridge
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El articulo presenta la aplicacion de tres tecnicas de optimizacion heuristica de una estructura tipo boveda de hormigon armado empleada para la construccion de pasos de carretera: la busqueda exhaustiva de maximo gradiente, la... more
El articulo presenta la aplicacion de tres tecnicas de optimizacion heuristica de una estructura tipo boveda de hormigon armado empleada para la construccion de pasos de carretera: la busqueda exhaustiva de maximo gradiente, la cristalizacion simulada y la aceptacion por umbrales. La boveda se define mediante 21 variables de decision, siendo la funcion objetivo el coste economico. Todos los metodos se han aplicado a una boveda de 4,25 m de diametro y 1,40 m de altura en hastiales, con un relleno de tierras de 7,00 m. Se proponen dos movimientos especificos de busqueda por entornos y un algoritmo para la calibracion automatica de la cristalizacion simulada y la aceptacion por umbrales. Se comprueba la eficiencia de estas dos tecnicas para el diseno automatico y economico de las bovedas de hormigon estructural, si bien la busqueda exhaustiva reduce a la quinceava parte el tiempo de calculo necesario. Las estructuras optimas presentan una esbeltez importante en la boveda, con relaciones canto/luz de 1/20. Se han encontrado ahorros cercanos al 8 por ciento respecto a estructuras calculadas de forma tradicional. (A). English abstract: This paper presents the application of three methods of heuristic optimization for the analysis of reinforced concrete road vaults used in the construction of road crosses. The three methods used are the maximum gradient search, the simulated annealing and the threshold acceptance. The structure is defined by 21 design variables and the objective function is the cost of the structure. All methods are applied to a structure of 4.25 m of diameter of the vault, 1.40 m of height of the lateral walls and a total height of the fill of 7.00 m. The paper presents two original moves of neighbourhood search and an algorithm for the automatic calibration of the parameters of the simulated annealing and the threshold acceptance methods. These two techniques are then applied to the automatic design and economic optimization of the structural vaults of structural concrete. Although the running times of these two techniques are 15 times slower than the gradient research, cost results indicate a significant improvement. Optimum structures are quite slender as regards the vault, with a relation of depth/span of 1/20. The optimization method indicates savings of about 8 per cent with respect to a traditional design. (A).
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Research Interests: Shore and Sustainability
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This paper represents new approaches for calculating, designing, and optimizing prestressed arched trusses with a tie member. Structural systems with long spans, such as trusses, beams, frames, etc., are subjected to a... more
This paper represents new approaches for calculating, designing, and optimizing prestressed arched trusses with a tie member. Structural systems with long spans, such as trusses, beams, frames, etc., are subjected to a considerable/substantial risk of losing load-carrying capacity because of the different types of loads used. Some traditional design methods define the values of prestressing force in the tie member and internal forces in the truss elements to avoid this load capacity loss. However, the accuracy and limits of the determination of the forces are not necessarily known. The authors offer a new type of prestressed arched truss and some new approaches in the design and calculation process to solve these disadvantages. The study’s main objectives were to design an innovative and new geometric form of prestressed arched truss, which allows the development of high-value prestressing force, to optimize a new truss for reducing self-weight, increasing load-carrying capacity com...
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Bridge optimization can be complex because of the large number of variables involved in the problem. In this paper, two box-girder steel–concrete composite bridge single objective optimizations have been carried out considering cost and... more
Bridge optimization can be complex because of the large number of variables involved in the problem. In this paper, two box-girder steel–concrete composite bridge single objective optimizations have been carried out considering cost and CO$$_{2}$$ 2 emissions as objective functions. Taking CO$$_{2}$$ 2 emissions as an objective function allows to add sustainable criteria to compare the results with cost. SAMO2, SCA, and Jaya metaheuristics have been applied to reach this goal. Transfer functions have been implemented to fit SCA and Jaya to the discontinuous nature of the bridge optimization problem. Furthermore, a Design of Experiments has been carried out to tune the algorithm to set its parameters. Consequently, it has been observed that SCA shows similar values for objective cost function as SAMO2 but improves computational time by 18% while also getting lower values for the objective function result deviation. From a cost and CO$$_{2}$$ 2 optimization analysis, it has been obser...
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La evaluación de las competencias transversales adquiridas a lo largo de la formación universitaria es un objetivo fundamental para garantizar el adecuado desarrollo de los alumnos. Con los recientemente establecidos Objetivos de... more
La evaluación de las competencias transversales adquiridas a lo largo de la formación universitaria es un objetivo fundamental para garantizar el adecuado desarrollo de los alumnos. Con los recientemente establecidos Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, la demanda de competencias transversales orientadas a tal fin es cada vez mayor y, su desarrollo y evaluación, más urgente. Ante la falta de consenso en cuanto a cómo determinar el grado de adquisición de estas capacidades, se propone un procedimiento objetivo basado en la resolución de casos de estudio, combinados con la aplicación de la comparación pareada de criterios del Proceso Analítico Jerárquico de decisión multicriterio. La aplicación de este proceso permite determinar, de forma objetiva, la coherencia implícita de los alumnos en sus juicios y ofrece, por lo tanto, una herramienta valiosa para evaluar la claridad con la que los alumnos perciben la sostenibilidad y sus implicaciones en el desarrollo de su futura práctica profe...
Research Interests: Humanities, Higher Education, Pensamiento Crítico, Educación superior, Educational Innovations, and 8 moreCollaborative Work, Computer Education and Instructional Technologies, Innovación Educativa, Competencias Transversales, Enseñanza Superior, Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, tecnologías y educación, and comparación por pares
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After the recent establishment of the Sustainable Development Goals and the Agenda 2030, the sustainable design of products in general and infrastructures in particular emerge as a challenging field for the development and application of... more
After the recent establishment of the Sustainable Development Goals and the Agenda 2030, the sustainable design of products in general and infrastructures in particular emerge as a challenging field for the development and application of multicriteria decision-making tools. Sustainability-related decision problems usually involve, by definition, a wide variety in number and nature of conflicting criteria, thus pushing the limits of conventional multicriteria decision-making tools practices. The greater the number of criteria and the more complex the relations existing between them in a decisional problem, the less accurate and certain are the judgments required by usual methods, such as the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The present paper proposes a neutrosophic AHP completion methodology to reduce the number of judgments required to be emitted by the decision maker. This increases the consistency of their responses, while accounting for uncertainties associated to the fuzziness ...
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El proyecto HYDELIFE aborda directamente el reto de la sostenibilidad social y medioambiental de las estructuras a lo largo de su ciclo de vida, desde el proyecto hasta la demolición. El objetivo consiste en la formulación y resolución... more
El proyecto HYDELIFE aborda directamente el reto de la sostenibilidad social y medioambiental de las estructuras a lo largo de su ciclo de vida, desde el proyecto hasta la demolición. El objetivo consiste en la formulación y resolución del problema de optimización multiobjetivo que contemple el ciclo completo de construcciones modulares, puentes mixtos y estructuras híbridas. Para ello se han utilizado metaheurísticas híbridas con aprendizaje profundo, el empleo de la lógica neutrosófica y las redes bayesianas combinada con el análisis del ciclo de vida, análisis basado en fiabilidad, diseño óptimo robusto, metamodelos y técnicas de minería de datos. La principal contribución es la incorporación de las emergentes metaheurísticas híbridas basadas en el aprendizaje profundo para abordar la variabilidad de los parámetros y restricciones del problema de optimización multiobjetivo basado en criterios de sostenibilidad social y medioambiental. Por tanto, el proyecto aporta un mejor conocimiento en el diseño de las construcciones industrializadas, puentes mixtos y estructuras híbridas, tanto en el caso de obra nueva, como en el mantenimiento robusto si se aplica a infraestructuras existentes, mejorando la capacitación tecnológica de las empresas del sector y optimizando sus procesos de diseño, con el objetivo último de generar un beneficio social y medioambiental.
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In recent times, a great deal of interest has emerged from different sectors of society towards sustainability and sustainable product design. Decision makers are increasingly encouraged to take into consideration the economic,... more
In recent times, a great deal of interest has emerged from different sectors of society towards sustainability and sustainable product design. Decision makers are increasingly encouraged to take into consideration the economic, environmental and social dimensions of reality when dealing with problems. Sustainability is of particular importance in the field of civil engineering, where structures are designed that are long lasting and shall cause significant impacts over a long period of time, such as bridges or dams. Consequently, when addressing a structural design, civil engineers shall account for the three dimensions of sustainability, which usually show conflicting perspectives. Multi-criteria methods allow the inclusion of non-monetary aspects into the design process of infrastructure. In the postgraduate course 'Predictive and optimisation models for concrete structures', offered at the Masters in Concrete Engineering of the Universitat Politècnica de València, civil engineering students are taught how to apply such tools within the framework of sustainable design of concrete structures. The present paper conducts a state-of-the-art review of the main multi-criteria decision making methodologies taught in the course in the context of sustainability. Articles are searched in recognized databases, such as SCOPUS and Web of Science. The most significant methods, such as Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Elimination and Choice Expressing Reality (ELECTRE), Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) or Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) are systematically discussed, identifying the actual trends concerning the use of such methodologies in the field of civil engineering. The review provides a deep insight in the multi criteria techniques that are most frequently used when assessing sustainability of infrastructure designs.
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This paper deals with the postgraduate course 'Predictive and optimisation models for concrete structures', offered at the Masters in Concrete Engineering of the Universitat Politècnica de València. Within this course, engineering... more
This paper deals with the postgraduate course 'Predictive and optimisation models for concrete structures', offered at the Masters in Concrete Engineering of the Universitat Politècnica de València. Within this course, engineering students are introduced into different optimization algorithms, such as simulated annealing, neural networks, genetic algorithms, etc. of application in the automated design of concrete structures of any type. In recent times, such heuristic methods have turned out to be of great interest in the resolution of complex and actual engineering problems, such as the sustainable design and management of structures. This communication presents a case study where the ongoing research of the teaching body is applied so as to find the most sustainable management strategy for a particular bridge system consisting of 7 bridges whose lengths vary between 380 m and 1980 m. The optimization problem here aims to minimize both the economic and environmental life cycle impacts derived from the maintenance of the concrete decks of a bridge network by selecting the adequate maintenance intervals for every deck considering annual budgetary restrictions. A multi-objective simulated annealing algorithm is applied to find the set of Pareto optimal solutions for the presented engineering problem. The environmentally preferable maintenance strategy results in life cycle costs 4.9% greater than those related to the cost-optimal strategy, which in turn results in environmental impacts 5.6% greater than those from the environmentally optimized management option. Results are then compared to the optimal strategies considering a single bridge deck, showing that the optimality at the bridge level does not necessarily lead to a sustainable optimum at the network level. From this it follows that, when optimizing maintenance under budgetary restrictions, the network shall be analysed as a whole, and not as an aggregation of optimal strategies for each individual bridge. The case study presented here shows in a nutshell the close connection between the course curricula of the MSc course and the ongoing research of the teaching and research group.
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This paper aims to establish a hierarchical corresponding structure between the competencies and the learning outcomes of a subject. To this end, after checking the different interpretations that exist between the two concepts, one... more
This paper aims to establish a hierarchical corresponding structure between the competencies and the learning outcomes of a subject. To this end, after checking the different interpretations that exist between the two concepts, one chooses to consider that the learning outcomes are concretions of the competences for a certain level and that they are the result of the teaching-learning process. In addition, the necessary alignment between the programs of a subject, the acquisition of competencies and learning outcomes and the evaluation of the student, recommends to prioritize the learning results in two levels. As a result of the foregoing, this paper shows the applicability of this hierarchical correspondence to two subjects of the degree of Civil Resumen El objetivo del artículo es establecer una estructuración de correspondencias jerárquicas entre las competencias y los resultados de aprendizaje de una asignatura. Para ello, tras comprobar las distintas interpretaciones que existen entre ambos conceptos, se opta por considerar que los resultados del aprendizaje son concreciones de las competencias para un determinado nivel y que son el resultado del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Además, el necesario alineamiento entre los programas de una asignatura, la adquisición de competencias y resultados de aprendizaje y la evaluación del estudiante, aconseja jerarquizar los resultados de aprendizaje en dos niveles. Como resultado de lo anterior, se muestra la aplicabilidad de esta correspondencia jerárquica a dos Palabras clave: competencias, resultados de aprendizaje, correspondencia jerárquica, procedimientos de construcción, ingeniería civil.
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Conferencia presentada en Encuentros Barcelona 26-28 octubre de 2016 en Universidad de Barcelona. El desarrollo sostenible compatibiliza lo económico, lo social y lo ambiental, sin comprometer las posibilidades del desarrollo de las... more
Conferencia presentada en Encuentros Barcelona 26-28 octubre de 2016 en Universidad de Barcelona. El desarrollo sostenible compatibiliza lo económico, lo social y lo ambiental, sin comprometer las posibilidades del desarrollo de las nuevas generaciones y de la vida futura del planeta (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987; United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, 1992). En este contexto, ya a partir de 1992 la industria de la construcción ha iniciado planes de acción propuestos por las Naciones Unidas y sus organizaciones a través de la Agenda 21 para la Construcción Sostenible en el Desarrollo de los Países (International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction y United Nations Environment Programme, 2002). Este plan fue suscrito en sus inicios por más de 178 países convocados por las Naciones Unidas en la denominada Conferencia de Río sobre el Medio Ambiente y el Desarrollo (UNCED, 1992). Desde ese momento, se ha concienciado el seguimiento de una agenda orientada a la sostenibilidad a lo largo del ciclo de vida del proyecto: planeamiento, diseño, construcción, explotación y demolición. No obstante, no ha sido suficiente. Se reconoce que la limitación fundamental de la sostenibilidad hoy en día esque tiende a centrarse en las consideraciones biofísicas y económicas sin tener la suficiente consideración de los aspectos sociales.
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¿Suponen las playas inteligentes un cambio de paradigma en el ámbito de su gestión? Resulta tentador cualquier cambio de paradigma aplicado en el ámbito científico. Del cambio de paradigma de las playas ya se habló en su momento cuando se... more
¿Suponen las playas inteligentes un cambio de paradigma en el ámbito de su gestión? Resulta tentador cualquier cambio de paradigma aplicado en el ámbito científico. Del cambio de paradigma de las playas ya se habló en su momento cuando se reclamaba un órgano de gestión que permitiese atender las necesidades de los usuarios y de lo que se en aquel momento se llamaba “el nuevo enfoque”. A día de hoy, probablemente la incorporación de la inteligencia artificial y las nuevas tecnologías de comunicación permitan un cambio profundo en la forma de gestionar las playas; sin embargo, según se argumenta a continuación, para ello sería necesaria la incorporación de estas tecnologías en el proceso de toma de decisión de los gestores. No existe constancia clara de que dicha situación no se haya producido de momento y, por tanto, resulta de interés cierto acercamiento al concepto de playa inteligente..
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Este manual trata de los fundamentos de la gestión del coste y la producción de la maquinaria empleada en la construcción. Se desarrollan los aspectos relacionados con la selección de las máquinas, su vida económica y estructura de coste.... more
Este manual trata de los fundamentos de la gestión del coste y la producción de la maquinaria empleada en la construcción. Se desarrollan los aspectos relacionados con la selección de las máquinas, su vida económica y estructura de coste. Se introducen los conceptos básicos sobre disponibilidad, fiabilidad y mantenimiento de equipos, así como otros referentes a la gestión de inventarios y parques de maquinaria. Se analizan los aspectos fundamentales del estudio del trabajo aplicables a los equipos. Se desarrollan los conceptos relacionados con la constructividad y constructabilidad, la medida y los incentivos a la productividad, el fenómeno del aprendizaje. Además, se explican aspectos necesarios para el cálculo de la producción de máquinas y conceptos relacionados con el estudio de métodos y medición del trabajo, el cronometraje, el rendimiento y los factores de producción, entre otros. El libro se complementa con un listado de referencias, así como numerosas cuestiones de autoevaluación y problemas resueltos que permiten al estudiante ampliar y aplicar los conocimientos desarrollados. Este manual tiene como objetivo apoyar los contenidos lectivos de los programas de los estudios de grado relacionados con la ingeniería civil, la edificación y las obras públicas. No obstante, también resulta útil en otros estudios relacionados con la ingeniería de la construcción y la minería y a aquellos profesionales que desarrollan sus tareas en estos ámbitos
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The Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry has been changing during the last years for several reasons. The appearance of new technologies like Building Information Modelling and techniques like Lean Construction or... more
The Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry has been changing during the last years for several reasons. The appearance of new technologies like Building Information Modelling and techniques like Lean Construction or life cycle analysis are creating new trends and opportunities that alter the methodologies of this industry. Regardless the methodology applied on a restoration there is a difference between the terms rehabilitation and reinforcement misunderstandings. Rehabilitation is the reacquisition by the elements of their initial capabilities, allowing them to perform the same as before they had received the damage in the structural performance of the element. Most of the techniques are valid in both cases, but there are some that are not. As our focus is the structural reinforcement we will be increasing the actual structural performance of the element even if that means just to recover its original state.