Blu

Presentation about the difficulties involved when attempting to represent graffiti and street art in an institutional context.

The presentation was given at the workshop "From City Streets to Museum Galleries: Discussing Street Art and Graffiti's Leap" at New York University Abu Dhabi.

This paper focuses on the urban graffiti painted with a political message by different
movements of the Italian political radicalism in the cities of Rome, Florence, Massa,
Carrara, Verona and Udine. For the purpose of this article, during the period from June
2011 to June 2012, a total of 165 graffiti have been photographed, of which 83 painted by
neo-fascist groups, 72 by extreme left groups and 10 by anarchist groups. These three
macro communities, made of different subgroups, emerged as the most active in expressing
their antagonism towards the parliamentary parties with their graffiti that combine semantic
(words) and semiotic (images) elements. An analysis of the collected graffiti’s language
form, meaning and context allows for the identification of the variety of styles of
communication adopted by the different political antagonisms and the different contents of
their communication through graffiti as well as the key elements of their political identities.
Key words: political radicalism, graffiti, linguistics

"...Then we have Ivan Gololobov’s “War and Piss” in which he shows how Punk is alive and kick­ing, not neces­sar­ily in music form and not neces­sar­ily in its moth­er­land, through an ana­lysis of the Rus­sian rad­ical art group “Voina” and their encoun­ters with the law."

Dall’osservazione dello spazio urbano della città di Roma, effettuato fra gennaio 2011 e giugno 2012, sono stati censiti e documentati 247 graffiti. Ciò che viene presentato in questo saggio è una prima analisi tematica del materiale raccolto. A questa centrale riflessione se ne accompagnano altre incentrate sul contributo che lo studio del graffitismo, osservato e documentato nello spazio urbano e linguistico della capitale italiana, può offrire relativamente a tematiche quali, per esempio, il rapporto diamesico fra lingua scritta e parlata, l’analisi delle varietà giovanili, le interferenze del dialetto e la creazione di neologismi.

The present paper focuses on the concepts of urban and linguistic space. It considers the city as a diamesic melting pot. Graffitism is seen as a communication channel that needs to be examined in order to better understand the urban language and its many forms.
Key words: graffiti, linguistics, diamesia

The study focuses on the republican murals painted on the walls of two cities, Belfast and Derry, in May 2009. The idea for the study was born during a trip to Northern Ireland during which I had the opportunity to observe the murals and to talk with some of the authors and with persons who had actually experienced
the events represented in the murals.
The nationalist murals have been studied by the author under different perspectives: language, iconography, political symbolism and social environment. Murals are, for sure, the community’s reaction to the British political and violent domination on Northern Ireland and they become instruments of rebellion representing
a collective request for freedom and independence. But they also represent a more complex phenomenon as they embody values and perspectives of the entire nationalist community in Northern Ireland. The study analyses the murals both as single artworks and as a collective phenomenon.A strong focus is given at all the political and social themes represented in the murals and at the different linguistic and iconographic styles of communication
as well as how different themes and styles combine. The nationalist murals are also examined under an artistic perspective with a special focus on the figure of the “artista armato”, the artist as a warrior that uses art as an instrument for communicating higher, collective (moral, social, religious, political) values. This
perspective brings the author to draw and analyse a parallel between the phenomenon of nationalist murals and Futurist art: a comparison based on the themes represented in the artworks, on the placing of the art pieces and on the social role of the artists.
If words, pictures and colours used in the nationalist murals become, as analysed in the study, the voice of the Catholic community in Northern Ireland, a voice not so often listened in the EU, it becomes crucial to understand what the artists
want to communicate, why and how. This study aims also to open up to a new research perspective based on a multidisciplinary approach through the integrated use of semiotics and semantics in ethnography in order to offer a more complete and holistic interpretation of the phenomenon of the Northern Irish republican
murals.

La città globale. La condizione urbana come fenomeno pervasivo
1 1-1 4 s e t t e m b r e 2 0 1 9 | B O LO G N A
IX CONGRESSO AISU
The global city. The urban condition as a pervasive phenomenon
S e p t e m b e r 1 1 t h-1 4 t h , 2 0 1 9 | B O LO G N A

The paper is about the relationship between Street Art and the wall as Street Art's main support. Analyzing the work of two world famous street artist, Banksy and Blu, the paper highlights how they working on dissolve the wall as border and limit.

Banksy – the urban calligrapher


In the summer of 2009 Bristol saw a remarkable phenomenon that made international news. An estimated 300,000 people queued for hours, often in pouring rain, for admission to the city’s museum & art gallery. They had been attracted by the media hype surrounding an exhibition ambiguously entitled ‘Banksy vs the Bristol Museum’.

This illustrated talk will raise a number of questions: Is Banksy a subversive influence or merely a bit of fun? Why is Banksy so important to Bristol? Is he really important? Where does the exhibition leave Bristol as an epicentre of ‘street art’? It looks at the setting up of the show and questions the need – other than to conform to the required Banksy mystique – for secrecy. Paul Gough has compiled a book about the Banksy show; it is the first non-partisan documentation of the Bristol event and an attempt to assess its local and wider impact.

Taking the exhibition Art in the Streets, which was shown at The Geffen Contemporary at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles from 17 April to 8 August, 2011, as its main point of departure, the present article discusses street art's association with the institutions of the art world.

Dall’osservazione dello spazio urbano della città di Roma, effettuato fra gennaio 2011 e giugno 2012, sono stati censiti e documentati 247 graffiti. Ciò che viene presentato in questo saggio è una prima analisi tematica del materiale raccolto. A questa centrale riflessione se ne accompagnano altre incentrate sul contributo che lo studio del graffitismo, osservato e documentato nello spazio urbano e linguistico della capitale italiana, può offrire relativamente a tematiche quali, per esempio, il rapporto diamesico fra lingua scritta e parlata, l’analisi delle varietà giovanili, le interferenze del dialetto e la creazione di neologismi.

Bologna: between late evening on the 11th March 2016 and the morning of the day after, the famous street artist Blu erased all the works he had painted in the city in the previous 15 years. The murales were covered in grey in protest against an exhibition where some of his paintings previously removed from two abandoned buildings were to be exhibited. Blu, with this performance, would write a new chapter in his career, thanks to conceptual art and to Blu's gray, his masterpiece.

Souvent reléguées aux marges de l’histoire de l’art, les controverses n’en ont pas moins un effet éminemment transformateur : elles font quelque chose aux œuvres. Consacrée à l’étude de polémiques récentes touchant des œuvres d’art contemporain, cette thèse met en lumière ce qui naît de ces conflits, à savoir de nouveaux objets, de nouveaux acteurs et de nouveaux modes opératoires. L’analyse s’articule autour de trois cas : la censure du film « A Fire in My Belly » (1986-1987) de David Wojnarowicz à la National Portrait Gallery de Washington, D.C. en 2010, le blanchiment d’une murale du street artist Blu réalisée au Museum of Contemporary Art de Los Angeles la même année et, enfin, la destruction de « Dialogue avec l’histoire » (1987) en 2015, œuvre d’art public conçue par Jean Pierre Raynaud pour la Place de Paris à Québec. Ces controverses signalent la mise en place d’une dynamique inédite quant au rôle exercé par la circulation d’images dans le développement des polémiques : ces reproductions, disséminées de manière soutenue dans le web, et plus généralement à travers différentes déclinaisons de l’espace public, infléchissent les trajectoires des œuvres. Ceci leur procure non seulement une visibilité accrue, mais leurs modes d’existence s’en trouvent par conséquent modifiés, les œuvres vivant pour ainsi dire par l’entremise d’images fixes ou animées qui prolifèrent en ligne. Prenant appui sur la conception pragmatiste des publics (Dewey), de même que sur la sociologie de l’acteur-réseau et les théories de la médiation, nous étudions par ailleurs la formation de collectifs nés conjointement à cette dissémination d’images « virales ». Des acteurs impliqués dans les controverses, qu’il s’agisse d’artistes ou d’activistes, entreprennent notamment de faire réapparaître les œuvres censurées ou disparues sous diverses formes, incluant des répliques, des œuvres dérivées ou encore des mèmes Internet. Nous démontrons que ce phénomène de réappropriation, inexistant lors de polémiques artistiques antérieures aux années 2010, est lié aux dynamiques de partage apparues avec le « web 2.0 ».

Thèse complète disponible ici : https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/handle/1866/20483

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While they are often relegated to the margins of art history, controversies nevertheless have an eminently transformative effect : they do something to artworks. Devoted to the study of recent debates surrounding contemporary works, this thesis brings into light what arises from these conflicts, namely new objects, new actors, and new modi operandi. The analysis is structured around three case studies: the censorship of the film “A Fire in My Belly” (1986-1987) by David Wojnarowicz at the National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C. in 2010, the whitewash of a mural by street artist Blu at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles that took place the same year, and the destruction of “Dialogue avec l’histoire” (1987) in 2015, a work of public art created by Jean Pierre Raynaud for the Place de Paris in Québec City. These controversies reveal that there is a new dynamic taking place regarding the role of circulating images in the unfolding of such debates: these reproductions, extensively disseminated in the web, and more generally in public spaces and the public sphere, shape the artworks’ trajectories. Not only does this confers them a higher visibility, but their very modes of existence are modified in this process, works get to live, in a manner of speaking, through fixed or animated images that proliferate online. Drawing upon a pragmatist approach to publics (Dewey), actor-network theory, and sociology of mediation, we also study the forming of collectives born jointly with this dissemination of “viral” images. Actors involved in the controversies, either artists or activists, seek to make the censored or destroyed works reappear in various forms, including replicas, derivative works or even Internet memes. We demonstrate that this phenomenon of appropriation, non-existant during controversies prior to the 2010s, is linked to sharing dynamics that appeared with the “web 2.0”.

Full thesis available here: https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/handle/1866/20483