Botanics

Uso libre

Diccionario ilustrado de los rasgos visibles en la hoja
El siguiente documento corresponde a la clasificación de los términos normalmente usados en guías de campo y trabajos de investigación en cuanto a la descripción de la hoja.
Es una herramienta didáctica para facilitar la descripción de la flora usando las palabras adecuadas.
Clasificación de las hojas

Batı Avrupa’da tıp doktoru ve botanikçi olarak ün salmış Fransız Joseph Piton de Tournefort; “Güneş Kral” XIV. Louis’nin hayali olan “Aydınlanmış” Fransa‘nın inşası sürecinde, Paris Kraliyet Botanik Bahçesi için araştırmalar yapmak üzere “Şark”a gönderilmişti. 1700 senesinde ayrıldığı ülkesine, Ege Adaları’ndan Erivan ve Tifis’e uzanıp Osmanlı topraklarını da içine alan geniş bir coğrafyaya dair gözlemleri ve tam 1346 yeni bitki türüyle, 1702 yılında döndü.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir seyyahın Osmanlı ülkesinde şahit olup Avrupa kamuoyuna aktarmaya değer bulduğu tıbbî tecrübe ve geleneklerin izini sürerek, belli bir zaman ve mekânda karşılaşan özne ve nesnenin etkileşimini kritik bir okumaya tâbi tutmak suretiyle o kesişme noktasındaki tarihsel gerçekliğe dair bir kavrayış geliştirmektir. Tournefort seyahatnamesi, bu bakımdan, 18. yüzyıl başında Osmanlı coğrafyasındaki gerçekliğe dair önemli bilgiler içermektedir. Tournefort’un ilmî donanımı ve görevi sayesinde; ziyaret ettiği bölgelerdeki hastalıklar, tedavi usulleri, kullanılan ilaçlar, beslenme ve temizlik alışkanlıkları, hekimlik, hekimliğin yöneticiler ve halk nezdindeki değeri, ölüm olgusu, din olgusunun hastalık ve sağlık algısı üzerindeki etkisi, coğrafya-insan ilişkisi gibi konularda birinci elden ufuk açıcı bilgiler edinmekteyiz. Ayrıca, seyyahın ziyaret ettiği bölgenin genişliği bize, bu bölgelerde meskûn çok çeşitli etnik ve dinî kökenden topluluğun söz konusu alanlardaki tutum ve algılarını karşılaştırarak, tıp geleneklerinin kökeni ve mahiyeti hakkında derinlemesine bir kavrayış imkânını sunmaktadır.
Bir seyyahın, yabancı bir toplumu, kendi kültürüyle olan benzerlik ve farklılıklar üzerinden gözlemlemeye olan meyli, uzmanlığı ve görevine ek olarak, elbette Tournefort için de geçerlidir. Bu bağlamda, Tournefort’un Fransız Aydınlanması’nı temsil eden bir bilim adamı olduğu gerçeği, çalışmanın analitik perspektifine içkin olup, seyyahın gözlem nesnesine bakışının, bize, kendisi hakkında ne anlattığı da çalışma boyunca izi sürülen bir diğer husustur.


The French botanist and medical doctor Joseph Piton de Tournefort had already been well-known all over the Western Europe when he was sent into “the Orient” in 1700 by France’s “Sun King” XIV. Louis in order that he made researches for the Royal Botanical Garden in Paris, as a part of Louis’s dream of building the “Enlightened” France. Tournefort returned France from his two-years-long voyage in 1702 with exactly 1346 new plant species, as well as pages of notes including his observations on the wide area from Aegean Islands to Yerevan and Tbilisi.
The purpose of this study is to trace up the medical culture which Tournefort encountered in Ottoman lands and considered important to convey the European public. His book entitled “A Voyage into the Levant” provides us with much signifcant information about the 18th century Ottoman reality. By the virtue of the Tournefort’s profession, we obtain stimulating first-hand accounts about medical practices in the regions where Tournefort traveled; he gives detailed accounts of diseases, treatment modalities, medications, food and hygiene habits, medical professions, causes of and rituals related to death, relation of religion to the health issues, impact of geography on people. Besides, having travelled far and wide, Tournefort’s account provides us the opportunity of making comparison among the inhabited communities varied ethnically and religiously and by this way, we get the chance to a have grasp of the origins and the nature of medical traditions over the territory at stake.
On the ground of the fact that a voyager’s observations of a foreign culture mostly based upon the diferences and similarities to his own; what the observer’s considerations of his subject tells us about himself is an implicit question throughout my critical reading of the account, as the secondary aim of the study.

Bu yazı, Mehmet Arif'in 1912 yılında yazdığı Çay Hakkında Malumat adlı 45 sayfalık risalesinin tarantısından oluşuyor. Eskiyazı aslıyla yeniyazı transliterayonu ve transkripsiyonu ekran görüntüsüyle birlikte sayfa sayfa verilmektedir. Böylece sayfayı çift pencereli açanlar solda aslını sağda da üçlemesini görüp karşılaştırma yapabilecek. Tarantı sözlüğü sondadır.

There are enigmatic ambivalences in the relationships between mind and world, architecture and nature. We construct narrations of nature in the very cores of cities, and patches of lost splendor are scattered in places of social, cultural and urban design transformation, in corporate headquarters and big professional offices, in streets or squares, within institutional contexts. What are the political and social uses of nature? What is the desire that drives “biophile” fictions? In reflecting on practices of conservation and archiving, Cythère’s title alludes to Watteau’s famous painting, and to the island on which Aphrodite dwelled, both a pilgrimage destination and a reward of love. The project, realized through extensive research and photography campaigns in museum institutions dedicated to the contemporary and contexts often little-known or not accessible to the public, is a sort of selective and fragmentary inquiry on the human mind, an attempt at an experiment on the anthropology of the “immaterial” conducted through attention to the fictions of distance, shifting, splendor; to the devices, the signs, the lines of consolidation or fractures of illusion and the artifices that have supported and generated it. More in general, Cythére reflects on the complex relationships between museum and myth, modernist architecture and travel narration, encounter and discovery. It is a backwards movement along the narrow genealogical path that leads from edifice to mirage, from the rhetorics of set-up and display to the mental process awakened.

On display in the premises of Villa Bardini, one of the most striking exhibition venues in Florence, are 12 large-size photos, drawings and an audio work by Michele Dantini.

In conjunction with the exhibition, a catalogue will be published by Gli Ori, with texts by Alberto Salvadori and Luigi Fassi.

BardiniContemporanea is part of the Osservatorio per le Arti Contemporanee initiative of the Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze.

El “IX Congreso Internacional e Interdisciplinario Alexander von Humboldt y los viajeros por Yucatán”, tendrá lugar en la ciudad de Mérida, Yucatán, México del 19 al 24 de noviembre de 2018.
El congreso tiene como principal objetivo impulsar el debate académico interdisciplinario en torno a la figura de Alexander von Humboldt y los viajeros que recorrieron Yucatán desde las primeras exploraciones de los conquistadores españoles hasta nuestros días. El debate incluye tanto a las ciencias sociales, físicas y naturales como a las humanidades.
CRONOGRAMA
Recepción de propuestas: hasta el 30 de septiembre de 2017.
Aceptación de propuestas: 30 de noviembre de 2017.
Pago temprano: hasta el 12 de febrero de 2018.
Pago tardío: hasta el 12 de abril de 2018.

Background: Tartrazine (Yellow 5 or E102) is a synthetic food dye able to modify perception and behavior, causingagitation, confusion, rhinitis and can produce hyperactivity syndrome in children when is combined with benzoates.Additionally, it can trigger oxidative stress which consequently generates metabolic disorders. Therefore, the studywas designed to evaluate the harmful effects of the food additive tartrazine and to observe beneficial properties ofblackthorn fruits (Prunus spinosa) on the blood and organs of albino Wistar rats.Materials and methods: This study was carried out on 20 mature Wistar rats, randomly divided into four groupsof five animals. Over the course of the experiment, the control group received only food and drinking water, group Ireceived 75 mg of tartrazine dissolved in (250 ml) water group II was given 75 mg of tartrazine and 200 mg of driedblackthorn fruit powder 200 mg dissolved simultaneously in (250 ml) of tartrazine-water mixture (aiming to reducethe ...

hosted the 20th Congress of the IAH (International Association of Hispanists). I participated with the paper "La berenjena, léxico y gastronomía en los textos escritos y en los textos fílmicos" (The aubergine, lexicon and gastronomy in written and filmic texts). I rejected the possibility of sending the text of the paper for possible publication in the proceedings because these were initial results in a research project that I wanted to expand. By then I had carefully read 25 Sephardic memorial accounts. All of them had been written by Sephardim, members of families who settled somewhere in the Ottoman Empire, or in Constantinople itself, and who returned, because of the events of history, to change their place one or more times. My aim is to integrate this work into a larger research project. The aim is to describe and assess the role of the aubergine in dishes and meals evoked in Sephardic memorial accounts. In other words, to recognise the value, above all in terms of identity, that they have had and preserve in Sephardic culture. Historical situation Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia (and others) are countries that separated from the Ottoman Empire, which was increasingly weakened until its end in 1923. In the successive diasporas between the mid-19th century and 1939, the older Sephardim were more reluctant to move; it was the descendants (children and grandchildren) who preferred to leave (or flee) to new places. This meant a change of language. Or the selective use of languages, something that was, in fact, already practised in many of these families. The grandchildren who, in many cases, are the ones who have narrated the family stories, claim to have spoken Judezmo with the nonos (Sylvie Courtine-Denamy, in France), (Sophie Goldberg, in Mexico; Rosa Nissan, also in Mexico). Goldberg says: "Mi presente está teñido de memoria, y de esa voz que me habla en djudezmo [...]. Pretendo, a mi modo, que trascienda mi cepa semita, mi religión judía, mi linaje sefardí, mi lengua judeoespañola." (My present is tinged with memory, and with that voice that speaks to me in djudezmo [... ]. I intend, in my own way, to transcend my Semitic stock, my Jewish religion, my Sephardic lineage, my Judeo-Spanish language"). Multilingualism Sometimes the first memory is of a word from another language (Aharon Appelfeld), he heard his mother exclaim: "Erdbeeren (fresas)!" in German, as that is the language she spoke. Many members of the family spoke different languages, depending on the speaker and the situation. Sylvie Courtine-Denemy tells the story: the narrator asked her father what his mother tongue was. And the father replied: "In the house, Judeo-Spanish; in the street, with the servants, Greek and Armenian; with the servants, Turkish; at school, French; with the governess, English; at the Gymnasium, German. The members of a well-to-do bourgeoisie, like Elias Canetti's family, were multilingual. In memoirs, the lives of great-grandparents and grandparents are memories of a life that has disappeared (Ottoman Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire). People born in places today integrated in countries such as Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Turkey, Morocco, Egypt. The most vivid memories of family life revolved around food, the table, and the celebrations of religious holidays, family celebrations, and outings to the countryside. The aubergine: its history and names Aubergine, Solanum melongena belongs to the Solanaceae family, like potato, and Solanum tuberosum; tomato, Solanum lycopersicum; also chillies and peppers, Solanum capsicum.

The comparison of the antioxidant activity of the studied forest fruits emphasized a hierarchy of the antioxidant capacity in rosehip, blackthorn, lingonberry and cornelian cherry. The purpose of the study was to investigate the antioxidant capacity and nutritional value of rosehip, blackthorn, lingonberry and cornelian cherry. In the current study, the FT-IR spectroscopy technique was applied to detect molecular components in forest fruits samples. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated with photochemical assay as well as humidity, protein, fibre, lipid and carbohydrate content. The FT-IR results revealed the presence of different bio-active compounds in berries such as flavonoids, tannins, sugars, acids, proanthocyanidins, carotenoids, citric metabolites and others. The highest antioxidant capacity was observed in rosehip 105.67±1.38 and blackthorn 49.89±1.92 (μg/mg equivalent ascorbic acid). Regarding nutritional parameters, rosehip showed the most increased content of protein displaying average values of 1.60, carbohydrates 38.20 and fibre 24.10 (g/100 g/sample). These results can provide useful information providing a research interest for the identification of new molecular compounds from Romanian flora samples.

Martius und Spix' Forschungen in Brasilien (1817-1820) waren im 19. Jahrhundert so
bekannt, dass ihr Buch Bearbeitungen erfuhr, so von Philipp Wolfgang
Körber (1811-1873). Körber war Elementarlehrer an einer Armenschule in
Nürnberg und später angesehener Jugendschriftsteller mit zahlreichen
Publikationen. Er wählte für seine Bücher bevorzugt historische und
exotistische Themen, besonders im belehrenden Missionskontext.  Seine
Bearbeitung trägt den Titel Dr. v. Spix und Dr. v. Martius Reise in Brasilien,
zur Belehrung und Unterhaltung für die Jugend; (Unterhaltende lehrreiche
Jugendbibliothek interessanter Reisen), Nürnberg: Lotzbeck 1847  und
von Josef von Hefner als Spix, Reise in Brasilien zusammen mit Carl
Friedrich Phil. von Martius, für die reifere Jugend bearbeitet, mit
Worterklärungen von Jos[ef] von Hefner, 2 Bände, Augsburg: Jaquet 1846
[2. Auflage: 1854] . Es gibt auch eine Ausgabe dieser Bearbeitung in drei Bänden, München ohne Verlag1823-1831, mit Nachauflage von 1836. Ferner gibt es noch eine Bearbeitung von 1831 von Carl Friedrich Dietzsch, Pfarrer in Öhringen, (1769-1847) als J. B. v. Spix und C. F.P. v. Martius Reise in Brasilien in den Jahren 1817-1820 nebst Skizzen aus Alex.v. Humboldts und A. Bonplands Reise in die Aequinoctial-Gegende des neuen Continents, für die Jugend bearbeitet von Carl Friedrich Dietzsch, Leipzig:
Kayser. DasBuch ist gleichzeitig Band 2 der Serie Taschenbuch der neueren, für die
Jugend bearbeiteten Entdeckungs-Reisen, die Dietzsch herausgegeben
hat.  Wir wollen in der Folge diese Bücher in ihren zeitgenössischen Kontext einbetten.

Outre une publication complète et détaillée (photos et dessins) du "Jardin botanique" faisant partie de l'Akhmenou érigé par Thoutmosis III à l'est du temple d'Amon-Re à Karnak, l'auteur présente une étude fouillée des représentations botaniques et zoologiques. Pour chaque plante et chaque animal représentés, une identification est proposée; leur habitat et distribution sont décrits, ainsi que la connaissance qu'en avaient les peuples de l'Égypte et du Proche-Orient ancien. Ces représentations illustrent principalement des éléments exotiques ou extraordinaires que le roi offre au dieu comme un résumé du monde appréhendé dans toute la richesse de son infinie diversité.
Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta, 36
Year: 1990
ISBN: 978-90-6831-268-3
Pages: X-349 p. + 47 pl.
Price: 90 EURO

ABSTRACT – THE NAME OF ROSES. REMARKS OF A LINGUIST
ON BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE. This article contains some observations
about the linguistic processes used in scientific nomenclature
of plants. In particular, it is noteworthy that a close parallel exists
between the processes of formation of lexicon in natural languages
and the procedures used by scholars, since both have to deal with the
arbitrariness of the linguistic sign, either on the side of the signifier
or of the signified.

Fr. Vincenc Maiwald, OSB (1862–1951) was a member of the Benedictine order in the convent of Břevnov‑Broumov. He became famous primarily as a scientist in the botanical area. Today he is recognized as one of the most famous botanists from the Czech lands and an important representative of Benedictine historiography.

Background: Tartrazine (Yellow 5 or E102) is a synthetic food dye able to modify perception and behavior, causing agitation, confusion, rhinitis and can produce hyperactivity syndrome in children when is combined with benzoates. Additionally, it can trigger oxidative stress which consequently generates metabolic disorders. Therefore, the study was designed to evaluate the harmful effects of the food additive tartrazine and to observe beneficial properties of blackthorn fruits (Prunus spinosa) on the blood and organs of albino Wistar rats. Materials and methods: This study was carried out on 20 mature Wistar rats, randomly divided into four groups of five animals. Over the course of the experiment, the control group received only food and drinking water, group I received 75 mg of tartrazine dissolved in (250 ml) water group II was given 75 mg of tartrazine and 200 mg of dried blackthorn fruit powder 200 mg dissolved simultaneously in (250 ml) of tartrazine-water mixture (aiming to reduce the tartrazine toxicity) and group III received a higher dose of tartrazine (100 mg) in (250 ml) of water.

Resumo: Com os processos de extinção das casas religiosas, foram elaborados inventários com a finalidade de dar a conhecer todo o seu património. Dos bens inventariados no património móvel salienta-se o que se encontrava nas boticas, que eram espaços destinados à produção de medicamentos (vegetais ou não) para os religiosos e pessoas do exterior que necessitavam dos mesmos. No presente trabalho, pretende-se analisar a riqueza das drogas vegetais utilizadas na época e, para tal, recorreu-se aos registos de algumas casas religiosas pertencentes à Ordem dos Carmelitas Descalços. Do elenco vegetal obtido, identificaram-se os nomes científicos e as respetivas áreas fitogeográficas e atualizaram-se os antigos nomes para o atual uso corrente. A partir das áreas geográficas naturais dos espécimes vegetais, foi possível classifica-los por prováveis grupos de proveniências. Palavras-chave: Ordem dos Carmelitas Descalços; boticas; plantas medicinais; fitogeografia. Abstract: With the processes of extinction of the religious houses, inventories were drawn up in order to make known all your assets. Goods inventoried in mobile heritage points to what is found in pharmacies, which were spaces for the production of medicines (plant or not) for religious and people from abroad who needed them. In this study, we intend to analyze the wealth of herbal drugs used back then and to this end we used the records of some religious houses belonging to the Order of Discalced Carmelites. The obtained vegetable cast, were identified scientific names and respective areas and updated phytogeographical up the old names to the current common use. From natural geographic areas of plant specimens, it was possible to classify them by probable origins groups. Keywords: Ordem dos Carmelitas Descalços; boticas (pharmacies); medicinal plants; phytogeography

La sexologie, la philologie et la botanique disent quelque chose de l'amour, de la poésie et de la dévotion. Et pourtant, l'amour se moque de la sexologie, la poésie se moque de la philologie, et la dévotion se moque de la botanique.

Dans ce livre, Elisabeth Vilayleck, lance pourtant un pont agréable à traverser entre la botanique et la dévotion. N'étant pas botaniste je ne puis ni juger ni cautionner ce qui est écrit ici au nom de la botanique. N'étant pas dévôt, je ne puis ni me pâmer, ni me fâcher, de ce qui est écrit ici au nom de la dévotion. Etant un peu philologue, on m'accordera peut-être la  liberté de me risquer à quelques réflexions sur les relations entre la philologie et la dévotion. [...]

Outre une publication complete et detaillee (photos et dessins) du "Jardin botanique" faisant partie de l'Akhmenou erige par Thoutmosis III a l'est du temple d'Amon-Re a Karnak, l'auteur presente une etude fouillee des representations botaniques et zoologiques. Pour chaque plante et chaque animal representes, une identification est proposee; leur habitat et distribution sont decrits, ainsi que la connaissance qu'en avaient les peuples de l'Egypte et du Proche-Orient ancien. Ces representations illustrent principalement des elements exotiques ou extraordinaires que le roi offre au dieu comme un resume du monde apprehende dans toute la richesse de son infinie diversite.

Between the years 1971 and 1978 the author performed arcaeobotanical studies in two caves of  the andean Region of ARgentina, Southamerica. Here it is possible to find some archievements about economic plants used by hunters and gatherers, before the Christian Era.
Some are from the andean milieu, but others were carried out from others regions, maybe only for alucinogenous purposes.

Upon his arrival in Rome, the young Caravaggist Jusepe de Ribera showed off his ingenuity by depicting a series featuring the Five Senses, which alludes to discussions about the function of sensory perception as conducted by Galilei and the scientific Academy of the Lynx.

This paper suggests that Ribera's Man with Galileo's Telescope, which is part of the series, might be a rare portrait of the polymath Fabio Colonna, a distinguished member of the Academy and correspondent of Galileo. The identification might shed new light on the relationship between Ribera and the illustrious Lyncean Academy at the dawn of the scientific revolution.

Abstract: This study describes the active ingredients of Syringa pubescens Turcz which has been identified as being able to protect against hepatic fibrosis. Here we report the characteristics of high performance liquid chromatography and non-nuclear overhauser effect carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (HPLC-NNE13CNMR) technology developed for coupling fingerprint analysis.

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