Business studies

We combine data on international trade linkages with network methods to examine the global trading system as an interdependent complex network. We map the topology of the international trade network and suggest new network based measures of international economic integration, at both a global system-wide level and a local country-level. We develop network based measures that incorporate not only the

The paper analyzed the gender disparity in the Nigerian health sector. The study focused particularly on somestates in Northern Nigeria that shared similar demographic characteristics. The paper provided an in-depth analysis of how women who constituted the largest percentage of health 'consumers' are dominated by men working in the sector. The paper revealed that the disparity between men and women or male dominance in the health sector is a result of the cultural orientation of the people in Northern Nigeria who give preference to male child education than females. It has established that long duration that students spent undergoing training has dissuaded the inhabitants of the Northern Nigeria who are Hausa and Muslim to enroll their female children into medical schools. This is because the culture of Hausa people and their interpretation of Islam demand women should be in hermatrimonial home at their teen age. Based on the findings, it has been recommended that there is the need for cultural reorientation to debunk the beliefs system that hinder women to acquire medical education and training.

Regardless of the sector, companies need to be effective in their organizational structures and support the innovative behavior of their employees in order to ensure their sustainability in a constantly changing and developing competitive environment. The success of companies in innovative activities depends on the innovative behavior of the employees. For this reason, employees should be psychologically strong and at the same time share their thoughts and ideas in a participatory environment. Therefore, companies within the organizational structure should be able to use their human resources well because one of the criteria of being successful in competition depends on the ability to offer innovative products/services different from their competitors in the market where they are located. The human resources department is one of the most important factors in differentiating organizations. In order to benefit from human resources in the most efficient way and to ensure their motivation, it is necessary to psychologically strengthen the employees and ensure their participation within an organization. The aim of the study is to analyze the reactions of white-collar employees who work in food companies that have to make continuous production in order to meet the food needs of people, all while working against the leadership's attitude in the busy pace of work. Within the scope of the research, surveys were collected from 365 personnel working in food companies in Istanbul operating in the production sector in 2019. Analyzes were made by using IBM SPSS 25 and AMOS. Correlation analysis, regression analysis, Sobel test, and Hayes process were performed respectively in order to examine variables and test hypotheses in the research model. As a result of the research, it was concluded that both psychological empowerment and participative leadership positively affect innovative behavior and organizational effectiveness.

Hostile takeovers and company captures have been an everyday reality in the post-Soviet Russian economy. This phenomenon is called “reiderstvo” in Russian, a term which is derived from the English word "raiding”. The article introduces the reader into the subject, identifies the main historical phases of "reiderstvo" during the 1990s and 2000s, provides description of a typical raiding attack and connects the "reiderstvo" phenomenon to activities of informal networks in the Russian business and state apparatus.

Extending earlier literature on diffusion of codes of good governance (CGGs) by integrating the effect of national culture, this study offers a novel perspective on cross-national diversity in the worldwide diffusion of corporate governance best practices. We argue that particular cultural dimensions affect the indicators (i.e., total number of codes per country and identity of issuing organizations) of such diffusion. For a sample of 67 countries our analysis reveals that individualist cultures have a stronger tendency to develop CGGs. In cultures with a high receptivity to power differences there is a higher probability that the first issuers are the government, directors’ or professional associations; whereas with low receptivity, the stock exchange and investors’ groups of issuers are more likely to initiate the first code. The effects of culture remain significant even after accounting for differences in legal systems and economic institutions, indicating that national culture may serve as a comprehensive indicator of the regulatory stance with respect to good governance. Indeed, the effect size is large enough to give pause (e.g., to a location choice), and possibly has relevance for strategic decision-making by international companies.

This study aimed to determine the level of satisfaction of the supermarket customers using the service quality (SERVQUAL) framework. It utilized a researcher-made questionnaire patterned from the original SERVQUAL questionnaire that was rephrased to it the context of the focus of this study. The questionnaire is divided into 2 parts: the first part dealt with the demographic profile of the respondents and the second part dealt with level of respondents’ agreement on the constructs of SERVQUAL which are generalized into five categories, tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. The dimensions of SERVQUAL are considered to be the determining factors for customer satisfaction. Based on the results obtained, it is evident that gap exist between expectations and actual service perception on the service quality of the supermarkets. The highest expectations were identified on reliability and empathy constructs while the lowest expectations were identified on responsi...

Objective. Analyze the relationships between the variables of employee surveillance, supervisor support, organizational cynicism, and time pressure. Methodology.The sample group of the study consists of 417 white-collar employees in private and public sector. After the analysis of the findings were made with the SPSS 25 program, the resultswere analyzed and evaluated. Analysis data were collected from both public and private institutions operating in Istanbul. Results. As a result of the analysis, it is understood that time pressure and supervisor support have significant effects on organizational cynicism and employee surveillance. Conclusions. With the analysis of the data received in the scope of research model, it may be drawn a conclusion that employees expect support from their supervisors, otherwise they start to move away from the institution.

Purpose The aim of the research is to analyze sustainability in energy companies in terms of financial innovation, innovation strategy and organizational innovation. Design/methodology/approach The analysis of this research was done by using the Mplus 7 package program, and the research model was tested using the existing latent variables and their expressions. Data from 298 administrative staff (white collar) working in companies operating in the energy sector were analyzed. Findings Both independent and mediation effects of financial innovation and innovation strategy positively affect sustainability performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that in order for sustainability performance to be positive, importance should be given to financial innovation, innovation strategy and organizational innovation activities. Research limitations/implications As the data were collected from energy companies in this research, it is not correct to generalize the evaluations. Therefore, in term...