Chinese outbound tourism

Авсюк А.А. Китайский выездной туризм: потенциал Беларуси, направления и меры поддержки / А. А. Авсюк // Природное и историко-культурное наследие Восточной Европы как объект социально-географических исследований: материалы Международной научно-практической конференции 25-26 октября 2019 года; под ред. А. Г. Манакова. – Псков: Псковский государственный университет, 2019. - С.43-49.

Based on the materials of foreign reviews, the features of Chinese outbound tourism are determined. Measures implemented in the Republic of Belarus in this segment of the service sector are considered. Taking into account the natural resource and cultural and historical potential of the country, the directions of further development of the Belarusian-Chinese economic relations in the field of tourism are proposed
Keywords: agroecotourism, red tourism, outbound tourism, Chinese-Belarusian relations in the field of tourism, tourist cluster.

China began to develop its outbound tourism mainly after the 1990s, whereas, in the last decade, it has been the country with the world’s largest outbound tourism. Chinese outbound tourists reach 135 million and spend 261 billion US dollars on their transatlantic journeys (UNWTO, 2017; CNTA, 2016). The present paper, through a bibliography review, depicts the Chinese tourist profile as it is reflected in the international scientific research over the period 2010-2017, which is the period of intense growth of the Chinese tourism phenomenon and the global economic crisis. Through the comparison, synthesis and discussion of the research findings, suggestions are made that can be taken into account when designing

This research focuses on the geographical spread of Chinese tourism
within France and explores the factors influencing these movements.
As a destination, France holds the highest visitation rates in the world,
but when it comes to the China Outbound tourism market, visitor
movements are centralized around the most popular sites.
Mapping tourist distribution in France revealed limited visitation
rates in regional France. This research assumes a geographical
perspective in two less frequented regional destinations: Algers and
Cognac. Qualitative data were collected from key stakeholders in
these regions to explore the mechanisms that limit tourist
distribution. The analysis found a lack of knowledge on both sides
(Chinese tourists and French tourism industry) and blockages that
limited stakeholder mobilization in following through with tourism
initiatives. This approach from the fringes of tourism allows us to
reveal the complexity of the phenomenon and highlight the
management and economic stakes that underpin it.

Program pelatihan dan pengembangan kepribadianpersonal anggota selalu dilakukan di luar ruangan atau biasa disebut outing efektif apabila dilaksanakan dengan baik. Outbound team building gathering bisa menjadi bahan yang efektif dan ampuh untuk pengembangan SDM, asalkan jika dikerjakan dengan benar dan berisi rangkaian program-program training yang bagus. Kompetisi seseorang bisa ditingkatkan melalui pengembangan pengetahuan, expertise, dan sikap/ karakter personal individu itu sendiri. Dimana hal itu bertujuan menggali dan meningkatkan ability dan karakter individu. Untuk mendapatkan hasil maksimal, kegiatan outing outbound team building idealnya dilaksanakan selama 3 hari, fasilitas dari profider yang harus memadai dan dipandu oleh instruktur traineer berpengalaman. Dan rule terpenting, sebuah program outing outbound team building gathering harus berfokus pada proses untuk mendapatkan output yang maksimal, bukan pada aktivitasnya itu sendiri. Untuk itu, setiap akan melakukan kegiatan outing outbound team building gathering, terlebih dahulu harus di rencanakan, dirancang dan dipersiapkan dengan baik segala macam hal dan faktor menunjang keberhasilan tersebut. Secara umum sebuah aturan ataupun bentuk system edukasi perlu dipersiapkan untuk menuju kegiatan outing outbound malang team building gathering yang efektif sesuai dengan yang diharapkan.

1)Menetapkan target/tujuan Apakah kegiatan outing outbound team building gathering harus dilaksanakan? Setiap kegiatan pasti memiliki tujuan dan target yang ingin dicapai. Untuk mengasah kebersamaan memompa semangat berprestasi dalam beberapa macam aspek seperti aspek Kepemimpinan, ataupun untuk tujuan lain Penetapan tujuan dan target ini penting untuk mendesain sebuah kegiatan outing outbound team building gathering yang efektif dan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, meliputi pemilihan lokasi, merumuskan materi, dan jenis-jenis materi yang akan disampaikan agar bisa dilaksanakan dalam rangkaian program tersebut.

2) Menentukan lokasi kegiatan. Jika tujuan atau target kegiatan telah ditentukan, maka setelah itu adalah menentukan tempat/lokasi program kegiatan. Adakalanya program kegiatan dilakukan hanya sebagai pelengkap atau variasi kegiatan dalam ruangan (indoor). Bila seperti itu maka dapat direncanakan dengan memilih ruangan inddor yang mendukung aktifitas program meliputi,lokasi, jumlah peserta, luas ruangan,materi, game dan fasilitas pendukung.

3) Menyiapkan alat game yang diperlukan. Agar kegiatan outing outbound team building gathering berjalan dengan baik, segala keperluan menyangkut peralatan yang dibutuhkan harus dipersiapkan jauh-jauh hari. Untuk kegiatan fun outbound

By following the alternative approach and intertwining with the lens of political economy and ‘cultural authority’ (Nyiri, 2006:2010), this study examines how the outbound Chinese tourists intersect with the cultural control of the hegemonic Chinese state harnessing through tourism policy reforms articulating influentially within national and global tourism contexts. The article also examines how outbound tourism become the arena of the Chinese state exercising its power within the international and state-scale geopolitics. The study sought to understand the underlying driving forces of China’s outbound tourism that the Chinese state has been playing the significant roles in exerting its control over mobility under the current mobility regime.

China is an indisputable actor in today’s world economy. Tourism is no exception, claiming the world’s largest number of outbound tourists in 2015. France benefits from the appeal of its world renown “art de vivre”, including its gastronomy. Despite France being the number one destination in the world in terms of number of foreign tourists, Chinese tourists are still relatively few, and we identified here an opportunity to be seized. How to attract them? This study addresses the role of food in tourism and the specificities of Chinese tourists. How to use France’s most attractive feature – gastronomy – to be more appealing on the Chinese market? What is the role of food in Chinese tourists’ travel experience? Considering gastronomy as a cultural tourism product, how to adapt it to this specific market? This is a qualitative study undertaken in Lyon, France. We investigated the practices currently implemented by a number of French professionals of the tourism industry in order to understand their strategies. We adopted a grounded theory approach to gain insight into their experiences of welcoming Chinese tourists, through semi-structured interviews. Later, we conducted interviews with Chinese tourists in order to get the symmetrical point of view. From existing studies in literature, we built a set of recommendations about how to build and implement a strategy using food for Chinese tourists. We compared them with professionals’ practices and observed a gap. Besides, discrepancies were found between the professionals’ statements and Chinese tourists’ own words. In an attempt to find the origin of such differences, we decided to use narrative analysis in order to go deeper in the personal dimension of the French professionals’ stories and behaviors. A narrative analysis was performed on two interviews. Through examples from those interviews, we investigated how individuals manifest social constructions and beliefs about Chinese people traveling in France. The objective was to identify the influence of mental constructs on the way tourism professionals welcome and interact with Chinese tourists. This in-depth analysis revealed a fundamental aspect of the tourism encounters, that cannot be overlooked to understand and improve current practices. Specifically, this study determined: a) which strategies were implemented by various French professionals in the field of tourism, b) which strategies can be adopted based on recommendations from existing studies, c) which mechanisms are at play during the service encounter between a French employee and a Chinese tourist. Qualitative results from our study indicate that gastronomy has a major influence in Chinese tourists’ travel experience. However, the quality of food itself is not important as long as it is perceived authentic, rather the service quality is the key factor determining their satisfaction of the dining experience. As evidence suggests that service quality is at the core of Chinese tourists’ travel experience in France, we focused on the service encounter and used our data to propose a systemic model of service encounter. Concluding our study, we argue that using gastronomy as a strategy to attract Chinese tourists in France is valid, however the specificities of their culture and society require a careful and knowledgeable management. Implications and further research are also discussed.

This study uses mixed methods to assess resident views of Chinese tourist behaviour in the world's, and China's, most travelled to destination: Bangkok, Thailand. Analysis of 10 semistructured interviews informed the creation of a responsible tourism frame- work and subsequent survey administered to residents at three scenic spots in the city. Multiple linear regression tested three responsible tourism indices in predicting whether residents considered Chinese tourist behaviour to be responsible overall. Findings highlight environmentally ethical behaviour as a key component of responsi- ble tourist action, providing theoretical insights into what comprises responsible tourism and presenting implications for behaviour‐based analyses of destination sustainability.

This study identifies 6important motivational factors of Chinese outbound tourists and validate the factors through Confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, conjoint analysis and cluster analysis are performed simultaneously to determine the overall tourist preferences for tourism products as well  as  tourist’s  preferences  for  tourism  products  based  on  3  clusters.  Demographic  and motivational  factors  are  then  used  to  profile  clusters  and  the  result  show  there  are  significant differences in mean values among 3 clusters on demographic and motivational variables based on ANOVA tests and Chi-square tests.

Although value is regarded as one of the means by which marketers can build their core competence, in previous research in the tourism field only the effect of travelers’ overall
perception of value on their attitude and behavior has been addressed. By analyzing data from a survey conducted with Mainland Chinese outbound tourists, we examined the effects
of travelers’ perceptions of quality value, emotional value, price value, and experiential value on their satisfaction and loyalty towards destinations. The results showed that both emotional
value and quality value had strong positive influences on travelers’ satisfaction and loyalty in an outbound tourism setting, and that the emotional value played the greatest role. The experiential value had a significant impact on travelers’ loyalty. These findings provide tourism managers with insights into how to improve travelers’ satisfaction and loyalty by
means of adding value.

This article critically inspects worldmaking as a concept, lens, and approach to uncover political agendas that stretch beyond tourism. Worldmaking is a process of fabricating peoples and places through art, literature, and other representational forms. Launched in 2012 as a key deliverable of Tourism 2020, the Welcoming Chinese Visitor Program (WCVP) is a Sino-Australian device of soft power that works to Easternize business practice in the Australian tourism industry. Worldmaking assists to see how the text demanufactures bygone beliefs to remanufacture a new China through the discursive framework of patriotism, pride, and emerging world power. The analysis reveals tourism as an agent of soft power and the facilitator to further a political agenda. This postdisciplinary research draws from the psychology of human interaction with Rasmussen, Sieck, Crandall, Simpkins, and
Smith’s four domains of competency model and Shank and Abelson’s knowledge structure model.The Service Ready module emphasizes three key themes as necessary inclusions to all servicescape scripts aimed at Chinese visitors: the 3Ps of pride, position, and power. Worldmaking as a platform for enquiry provides an approach that swivels the focus from tourism as subject to tourism as agent.

The outbound tourism from the People’s Republic of China, although showing with a considerable delay
comparing to the post 2nd World War tourist ‘boom’, has experienced an exponential growth since 1983, establishing
itself as the largest outbound tourism market in the world in 2012, with more than 83 million Chinese citizens travelling
internationally. Although most of the travelling occurs within the Southeast Asia region, long haul trips are increasingly a
reality for the Chinese outbound market. In this context, Europe positions itself as a destination for this market, because
of its multiculturalism, however ‘only’ 4% of the global Chinese market chooses European destinations to visit. Simultaneously,
only a few European destinations stand out as inbound countries – Russia, United Kingdom, Germany and France.
Portugal attracted, approximately, 52 thousand Chinese travelers, in 2012, but the historical connections with Asia and the
recent economic partnerships between Portugal and China, may stimulate the growth of the Chinese market to Portugal.
This paper intends to analyze the evolution of Chinese outbound tourism, focusing in Portugal as a destination country, as
well as to identify potential strategies capable of promoting Portugal in order to attract Chinese tourists.

First publication from an ongoing study of independent Asian youth cultural tourists traveling in Asia where there are some cultural differences, especially language. This paper focussed on the Chinese outbound youth tourists from PRC in Hong Kong and used a mixed methods methodology, along with some scrutiny of internet travel forums for some loose netnography.

The liberalization policy of outbound tourism in the People’s Republic of China, although late, has been continuous and has followed the country’s political and economic opening up to the outside world. This strategy resulted, in less than two decades, in an exponential growth in the number of Chinese citizens travelling internationally, having already become the biggest outbound market in the world. This dissertation, which is based on an exploratory research, aims to evaluate the potential of this country as a source market of tourists to Europe and, particularly, to Portugal, and analyze the relevance of business tourism in attracting this segment. Using Chinese outbound market studies, its relation with the business tourism and significance in the Portuguese tourist scene, as well as, the contact with Portuguese and international entities, it was possible to achieve the stated objectives. It has been concluded that Portugal and the People’s Republic of China maintain a stable political and economic relation, with a great growth potential and exploitable by the parties involved. At the tourism level, the People’s Republic of China stands out for its growing outbound market and all the associated capabilities, while Portugal has gradually established a world prominent position in business tourism. Taking advantage of this position, there are conditions for the attraction of Chinese market to Portugal, although the strategy, in the short and medium terms, should not be geared to business tourism, but to the historical relations, mainly by a lack of knowledge, by the Chinese, of Portugal as a tourist destination. It is imperative to develop strategies capable of promoting Portugal as a tourist destination and provide the country the required resources for attracting the Chinese market.

Since the later part of 2014, China has replaced developed nations as home to the largest number of outbound tourists. Nearly 12.2 crore Chinese tourists visited various foreign destinations and spent US$ 110 billion overseas in 2016. However, only about 2.5 lakh of them opted India as their destination, while only a meagre 6,000 of them chose to visit Kerala. The total number of foreign tourists who visited Kerala in 2016 was about 10 lakh. If Kerala succeeds in attracting at least one percent of the total Chinese travellers, the state’s intake of foreign tourists would have simply doubled. A marked increase in the arrival of foreign tourists to Kerala would have given a much- needed impetus to its economy reeling under the devastating effects of the floods of 2018. This working paper titled, ‘A Chinese Solution to Kerala’s Tourism Sector Woes’ explores at great length the various facets of the travelling Chinese and provides a detailed blueprint on how Kerala can gear up to welcome the Chinese. From increasing air connectivity to providing clean toilets to forging sister state/sister city relationships, the paper covers every aspect that Kerala’s tourism sector needs to make ready before taking the plunge to lure the travelling Chinese.

This study analyzes Chinese views of seven selected long-haul holiday destinations using secondary data from the 2008 China survey of the Global Tourism Watch market research program commissioned by the Canadian Tourism Commission. Results indicate that Mainland Chinese travelers considered “culture” and “nature”the most important activity/experience factors when considering taking a long-haul holiday trip.
Further, findings indicate that there are significant differences in Mainland Chinese travelers’ perceptions toward the long-haul holiday destinations regarding the best travel activities/experiences, knowledge about holiday opportunities, and interest in visiting each of the destinations in the next two years. This study demonstrates the competitiveness of the seven destinations and suggests destination or product differentiation strategies to
increase consumer awareness and attract more Mainland Chinese travelers.

Tourists from different cultural backgrounds have different perceptions of the image of a tourist destination. This paper aims to investigate tourist destination image (TDI) from a national cultural perspective and to see whether there exists the influence of culture on a visitor segment's destination image as well as their travel behavior and satisfaction. Barcelona as the destination and the Chinese market are utilized to present an empirical discussion of the study. Based on the results of the qualitative method previously conducted by the authors, a questionnaire was designed in this paper. The SPSS 22 program was used for data management and analysis. This study first demonstrates that TDI perceived by the Chinese visitors is influenced by their pro-social cultural background and, second, that the visitors greatly value prestige and social networking during the visitation. This study further discusses the reasons why the visitors greatly value prestige and social networking...

Language plays an essential role in the tourism industry. Which will help to communicate between tourism service providers and tourists, communication can create satisfaction for clients and tourists and also increase the skills of employees in the tourism industry as well. The language can also help increase and create a better understanding of foreign tourists to each culture in each destination. Therefore, language is essential to those who are studying in the tourism and hospitality sectors very much. This research aims to study the perceptions and attitudes of the learners towards the importance of Chinese and other foreign languages and study the problems and obstacles of learning the Chinese language for students in Chinese language and tourism students to be used as a guideline and applied in teaching and learning in the future. The results of this research reflect the perceptions and attitudes of learners about the Chinese language in the tourism industry and services such as skills, the importance of Chinese language and job opportunities of those who can use Chinese, which will be useful for learners to increase their chances of working in the Chinese tourist market as well.

The Taiwan government has imposed a daily visitation quota with strict regulations on Chinese visitor travel modes, length of stay, and visa authorisations since July 2008. This highly controlled scheme was an attempt to maintain service quality over security and political considerations. The purpose of this study is to provide an in-depth analysis regarding the Chinese tourist satisfaction over time under different travel modes. The results indicated that package tour (PT) visitors generally gave higher satisfaction scores than free and independent travel visitors. However, PT visitors demonstrated a decreased level of satisfaction on their tour arrangements of hotels, meals, and itineraries. Addressing safety and environmental issues is the priority task in order to provide quality travel services.

The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is today one of the world’s largest economies, placing itself in the world scene’s spotlight. In the late 1970s, the government of the PRC implemented new policies to promote the country’s development, leading to political changes and introducing important economic reforms. These changes prompted a major growth in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), leading to the development of several economic sectors and generating new needs in the population, namely a growing travelling interest, leading to an increase of outbound tourism during the 1980s. In the early 1990s, the Chinese outbound market accounted only for 3.5% of the region’s total departures, and in 2011 it established as the top “country of origin”, with more than 21% of the outbound market. Simultaneously, the expenditure of Chinese tourists abroad reveals a continuous growth, having surpassed 130.5 billion dollars in 2013. Today, the PRC is the world’s number one outbound market, showing a huge potential for continuous growth in the near future, as Chinese living standards are increasingly improving, and the outbound market is being gradually liberalized. This work aims to provide a brief analysis on the historical background of Chinese outbound tourism, focusing on the profile of visitors and future trends.

This paper is divided in three parts. The first part provides a brief overview of the relevance of tourism to be developed in synergy with city planning and management, as well as some worldwide renown examples. The second part addresses the topic of Chinese visitors, who they are and why they come to Australia. The last part questions the proposed “innovate or renovate” theme and offers some avenues to be explored.

El estudio científico del turismo ha tendido a presentar la actividad turística como un fenómeno occidental que incluye escasamente la presencia de turistas “no-occidentales” y que tiende a sobre-generalizar la aplicación y universalidad de sus teorías. En la actualidad, el turismo es un fenómeno global que cuenta con un creciente número de turistas emergentes, especialmente provenientes de China. El turismo emisor chino juega un papel fundamental en la actual arena del turismo internacional. Desde 2012, China es el líder mundial tanto en gasto, como en salidas turísticas internacionales.

Más allá de su importancia cuantitativa, las actuaciones turísticas de los turistas emisores chinos en destinos occidentales continúan siendo poco investigadas. Por este, y otros motivos explicados en este artículo, mi investigación doctoral (Pendzialek, en publicación) se centra en explorar y proporcionar una mayor comprensión de la actuación turística de los turistas chinos, parte de un grupo organizado, en escenarios turísticos alemanes. En el presente artículo presento a grandes rasgos mi viaje y mi actuación como investigadora de doctorado, dando a conocer los antecedes y razones para comenzar la investigación, sus objetivos, el marco teórico conceptual diseñado para el análisis, metodología, resultados y discusión de los mismos. La estructura de este artículo se basa en mi contribución para la 65. Annual Conference of the International Association Of Scientific Experts In Tourism (AIEST), llevada a cabo en Agosto de 2015.

While changes in society continue to inform understandings of what leisure is and how it manifests itself, the emergence of Chinese outbound tourists, with specific motivations, travel styles and leisure choices are having powerful impacts on multiple host destinations. While university campuses have long been marked as visitor attractions in China, this study explores the motivations and implications of outbound Chinese tourists visiting university campuses abroad for leisure. On site qualitative interviews took place with 25 fully independent Chinese tourists at three campuses in Seoul, South Korea and a campus in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The study results found that Chinese visitors mark specific university campuses as attractions and are motivated to visit because of their prestige, by novelty and exploration, emotion and nostalgia and learning and knowledge seeking. This study argues that campus tourism may be difficult to develop and manage as a well-defined product that meets the needs of Chinese tourists, university governors and university stakeholders. The study explores the implications for universities and recommends universities begin a critical evaluation of prestige markers and especially those markers present in the Chinese cultural, pop-culture and (social) media context, which may be counterproductive to the primary mission of universities.

Tourists from different cultural backgrounds have different perceptions of the image of a tourist destination. This paper aims to investigate tourist destination image (TDI) from a national cultural perspective and to see whether there exists the influence of culture on a visitor segment’s destination image as well as their travel behavior and satisfaction. Barcelona as the destination and the Chinese market are utilized to present an empirical discussion of the study. Based on the results of the qualitative method previously conducted by the authors, a questionnaire was designed in this paper. The SPSS 22 program was used for data management and analysis. This study first demonstrates that TDI perceived by the Chinese visitors is influenced by their pro-social cultural background and, second, that the visitors greatly value prestige and social networking during the visitation. This study further discusses the reasons why the visitors greatly value prestige and social networking and...

Like imaginaries in general, tourism imaginaries have a function: to satisfy social needs, aspirations, and fantasies. Identities of destinations and their inhabitants are endlessly (re)invented, (re)produced, (re)captured and (re)created in a bid to obtain a piece of the lucrative tourism pie.

Tourists from different cultural backgrounds have different perceptions of the image of a tourist destination. This paper aims to investigate tourist destination image (TDI) from a national cultural perspective and to see whether there exists the influence of culture on a visitor segment's destination image as well as their travel behavior and satisfaction. Barcelona as the destination and the Chinese market are utilized to present an empirical discussion of the study. Based on the results of the qualitative method previously conducted by the authors, a questionnaire was designed in this paper. The SPSS 22 program was used for data management and analysis. This study first demonstrates that TDI perceived by the Chinese visitors is influenced by their pro-social cultural background and, second, that the visitors greatly value prestige and social networking during the visitation. This study further discusses the reasons why the visitors greatly value prestige and social networking and how "facework" influences their travel behavior based on the concept of culture value orientation. Overall, this study contributes to the existing knowledge on the formation of perception of TDI by analyzing the influence of the tourist cultural background on their TDI.

Usaha penyedia jasa biro perjalanan atau bisnis tour and travel saat ini menjanjikan peluang usaha yang menarik untuk dijalankan. Terlebih usaha ini terbilang cukup mudah dan bisa dijalankan dengan modal kecil bahkan tanpa modal sekalipun. sayangnya kurangnya informasi sehinggah tidak semua orang bisa mengankap peluang ini, padahal kebutuhan akan jasa tour and travel dari tahun ketahun semakin meningkat mulai dari perjalanan domestik atau bahkan mancanegara, Banyak orang yang masih belum memahami bagaimana cara membangun usaha tour and travel ini, terlebih bagi para pemula yang belum mengetahui tentang dunia perjalanan atau tour and travel itu sen Hal menarik yang bisa menjadi salah satu motivasi untuk membangun usaha tour and travel adalah bahwa bisni ini bisa dilakukan oleh siapapun dan bisa dijalankan tanpa modal, syarat mudah dan potensi keuntungan yang besar. Mengapa demikian? Hal ini dikarenakan untuk membuat sebuah bisnis tour and travel, kita bisa melakukannya dengan mudah, dapat dilakukan dimanapun dan kapanpun. Syarat utamanya adalah memiliki link atau koneksi yang banyak. Hal ini bisa menjadi langkah awal untuk mendapatkan konsumen juga mendapatkan partner karna Jaringan yang luas memang sangat berpengaruh pada usaha yang satu ini. Kita bisa dengan mudah membangun usaha tour and travel tanpa modal materi, cukup modal koneksi yang banyak mengingat kategori bisnis ini adalah bisnis yang di bayarkan didepan. Anda bisa memulai bisnis tour and travel dengan menjadi agen penjualan tiket. Caranya adalah bergabung dengan beberapa mode transportasi, mulai dari bis hingga penjualan tiket pesawat. Anda bisa daftar sekarang ke agen penjualan tiket pesawat terpercaya untuk bisa mendapatkan hak akses untuk menjual tiket pesawat. Cara ini cukup instan namun akan menguntungkan usaha Anda, karena saat ini banyak orang lebih menyukai untuk melakukan perjalanan dengan menggunakan pesawat. Selain itu, daftar harga tiket pesawat saat ini juga terbilang murah, sehingga orang-orang lebih nyaman menggunakan pesawat.
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Harga Paket Outbound Bogor (Menginap 2 Hari 1 Malam) Min 30 Pax
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D’Village IDR 585,000
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Santa Monica Hotel IDR 750,000
Taman Bukit Palem IDR 725,000
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Makan 3x
Coffee break 2x
Welcome Drink
Sewa Area + Listrik
Mineral Water
Perlengkapan Kegiatan (Games Equipment)
Fasilitator & Trainer
Standard Medicine (P3K) Paramedis
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Although the tourism industry has experienced rapid growth in the post-war period, in China this sector began to develop only in the late 1970s, following policy changes and important economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping. Despite the late start, China has been avowing as one of the most important tourism destinations in Asia and in the world. Besides its importance as a destination, the country stands out for the size of its outbound market. In less than two decades, China has achieved an exponential growth in the number of citizens travelling internationally, having become, in 2012, the largest outbound tourism market in the world - estimates of the World Tourism Organization pointed out that it would became the fourth largest market only in 2020! Despite the size of the Chinese outbound travel, it is still a recent phenomenon. For a long time, the travel of Chinese citizens outside the country was restricted and limited to official or business trips. Just over three decades ago, private travel for leisure purposes started to be allowed. In the early 1990s, China began to gradually relax its outbound travel policy and visits for leisure purposes were permitted to a few Southeast Asian countries. At the end of 2000 there were 15 countries and regions approved as official destinations, being the majority of them located in the East Asia and Pacific region. Currently the number of destinations is more than a hundred. This communication intends to evaluate the potential of China as an outbound tourism market, seeking to understand the evolution of this market, by identifying the main landmarks and respective consequences for their development. In parallel, it aims to evaluate, current and future, trends in terms of the main destinations and the reasons that promote international travel.