Perceived Value

A central component of the primary health care approach in developing countries has been the development and utilization of community-based health workers (CHWs) within the national health system. While the use of these front line workers has the potential to positively influence health behavior and health status in rural communities, there continues to be challenges to effective implementation of CHW programs. Reports of high turnover rates, absenteeism, poor quality of work, and low morale among CHWs have often been associated with weak organizational and managerial capacity of government health systems. However, no systematic research has examined the contribution of work-related factors to CHW job performance. The research reported in this paper examines the relative influence of reward and feedback factors associated with the community compared to those associated with the health system on the performance of CHWs. The data are drawn from a broader study of health promoters (CHW...

Previous research has shown that pharmacoeconomic (PE) data are considered important but may not be optimally utilized by decision makers. No research has compared the effectiveness of different types of PE models. The purpose of this study was to examine the perceived value and understanding of PE models among decision makers in managed care organizations. The perspective of this study was from research scientists working in the pharmaceutical industry who present PE models to managed care clients. The study objectives were to (1) examine what types of models are best received by decision makers, (2) investigate the barriers to using PE models, and (3) recommend methods for improving PE models. A telephone survey of 39 items was conducted with 20 PE research scientists from various U.S. pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Topics addressed included factors contributing to how well PE models are received, barriers to using PE models, and recommendations for improving PE model...

This paper describes an exploratory study on the perceived value of higher education by Chinese students in Macao SAR, Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Taipei. Using responses from 316 students, we find that the Sheth–Newman–Gross Theory of Consumption Values explains how students perceive the services offered by higher education institutions. Students have different opinions on the value items, which we group into two functional values (the usefulness of a degree and the experiential aspect), social value, emotional value, epistemic value, and conditional value using factor analysis. A stepwise multiple regression analysis shows that students’ satisfaction depends, to a large extent, on two functional values—the experiential aspect and the usefulness of a degree. Moreover, when comparing value judgments based on gender as well as other demographic and social variables, the results show no significant differences between the mean scores in perceived values. Implications for delivering effective educational services in higher education conclude the paper.

The effectiveness of small business consulting can be measured in numerous ways. This study attempts to measure such effectiveness by surveying small business clients, over a three year period, who have been served by a Small Business Institute (SBI®) program. The results suggest there is a strong relationship between the number of client contacts with the SBI ® counselor(s) and the perceived value of the counseling received. Specifically, for each of the three years there was a greater percentage of respondents, who had more than six contacts, that reported a positive perception of the value of the counseling.

This paper addresses how different store formats moderate the relationship between store image and purchase intention, mediated by brand awareness and perceived value. Questionnaire data was collected through face-toface interviews with retail customers on the streets of a city in southern Brazil. Hypotheses testing were performed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling, supported by Smart-PLS and the Bootstrapping procedure run in the Process software. The model’s sample included 298 retail customers for each store format (supermarket and mini-market). Results showed that store image positively impacted customer purchase intentions and the mediators, perceived value and brand awareness, which had a distinct effect on the direct relation of store image and purchase intention. Store format presented moderation effects on the relation between store image and brand awareness for both store formats: the higher the perception of store image, the greater the consumer’s brand awareness. However, store format did not present a moderating effect on the relationship between brand awareness and purchase intention. Store image was found to be an important independent construct that improves brand awareness and increases perceived value. The number of mini-markets
in Brazil is increasing, indicating that they are supplying a need unmet by supermarkets. The study design’s implementation in the city streets, respondents were requested to imagine store image, which may have affected some of the parameters. The model integrated store image as an important construct influencing purchase behavior and this study presented a mediated-moderated model with managerial implications.

Health care economic analyses are becoming increasingly important in the evaluation of health care interventions, including many within ophthalmology. Encompassed with the realm of health care economic studies are cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-minimization analysis, and cost-utility analysis. Cost-utility analysis is the most sophisticated form of economic analysis and typically incorporates utility values. Utility values measure the preference for a health state and range from 0.0 (death) to 1.0 (perfect health). When the change in utility measures conferred by a health care intervention is multiplied by the duration of the benefit, the number of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained from the intervention is ascertained. This methodology incorporates both the improvement in quality of life and/or length of life, or the value, occurring as a result of the intervention. This improvement in value can then be amalgamated with discounted costs to yield ex...

While commoditization is creating opportunities for customers of information technology services, it is creating new challenges for the service providers. Pricing strategies are one of the most important challenges and decisions for today's IT service providers. Pricing strategies for IT services have traditionally focused on covering costs, achieving desired margins and meeting the competition. These pricing schemes range from simple approaches, easily copied by competitors, to complex models with high ...

The purpose of this conceptual paper is to develop an understanding the role of consumer evaluation of hotel restaurant co-branding and consider how this impacts intention to purchase. Developed from the existing co-branding literature, a conceptual model of hotel- restaurant co-branding is provided. This model describes the relationship between consumer perceived risk and perceived value and their influence on consumer

While commoditization is creating opportunities for customers of information technology services, it is creating new challenges for the service providers. Pricing strategies are one of the most important challenges and decisions for today's IT service providers. Pricing strategies for IT services have traditionally focused on covering costs, achieving desired margins and meeting the competition. These pricing schemes range from simple approaches, easily copied by competitors, to complex models with high ...

Understanding student perceptions of future employment opportunities is important to educators and recruiters. Knowledge of the student perceptions can be used to guide instruction, advice, and recruiting tactics. Prior research has identified that governmental accounting ...

Social media has an influence on tourism industry. This conceptual model research wants to investigate the impact of Social Media (SM) on user's travel purchase intention and attitude. Data will be gathered from Social Media users to be gauge the relationships between the factors of SM and the user attitude in travel purchase intention through structural equation modeling (SEM). Main purpose of the research is to be found if there is a positive relationship among the following factors: source credibility in SM and user attitude in travel purchase intention, information reliability in SM and user attitude in travel purchase intention, user enjoyment while searching for travel information, perceived value in travel services information from SM and user attitude in travel purchase intention. This study presents a theoretical conceptual model based on the theory of credibility, information, enjoyment, and perceived value in SM and the potential relations of those factors with the customer attitude and purchase intention in travel services.

The writing of this thesis aims to explain data analysis using the structural equation modeling method which is then used as a method of data analysis to measure the trust and purchase decisions of smartphones. In this study structural equation modeling is used to analyze the relationship between brand awareness, perceived value, perceived quality, trust and purchasing decisions. SEM analysis will be used to determine the best model of trust and purchasing decisions for Samsung products. The method used in collecting data is a quantitative method that is supported by SEM. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to Samsung smartphone users, to analyze the data using the SEM method. SEM analysis has seven stages, such as (1) development of theoretical models, (2) development of path diagrams, (3) conversion of path diagrams into structural equations, (4) selecting input matrices and types of estimates, (5) identifying models, (6) assess the criteria of goodness of fit, (7) interpret results. Based on the results of the study, brand awareness and perceived value significantly influence trust, but perceived quality does not have a significant effect on trust, then brand awareness, perceived value, and perceived quality do not have a significant impact on purchasing decisions, then trust has a significant influence on purchasing decisions.

Augmented reality (AR) is increasingly used as a marketing, information and experience channel within the tourism industry. However, little is known with regards to the actual value of AR for the tourism industry, with most research still in its infancy. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the perceived value of AR for the tourism industry from the perspective of tourism experts. Using a qualitative and exploratory approach, this study conducted fifteen interviews with tourism experts in order to explore tourism specific AR value dimensions. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. This study revealed five value dimensions including marketing, economic, tourist, epistemic and organisational. Commonalities and differences between different perspectives are discussed. These findings provide important implications for strategy development, AR implementation , and tourist experience design.

Vodcasts (video podcasts) have become part of the Internet multimedia experience and have been integrated into universities’ direct and interactive promotion strategies, but, more importantly, their integrated marketing communication (IMC) plans. While prior work has examined general advertising on the web, few studies have considered the impact of the interactive medium of vodcasts on student attitudes and behavioral intentions. This paper uses structural equation modeling to assess the effectiveness of vodcasts as an enhancer of a university’s existing integrated marketing communication strategy to recruit prospective students. Three theoretical models were tested, and our findings indicate that perceived informativeness, credibility, and irritation of the vodcasts are directly related to their perceived value to viewers. However, of those three factors, only the informativeness is directly related to students’ intent to take further action toward enrollment in a way that can utilize other universities communication resources (e.g., asking additional questions on the phone or via email). In addition, while prior work has suggested that perceived entertainment of a web site positively influences its perceived value, we find that for university-specific vodcasts, perceived entertainment is not a statistically significant factor. The results suggest that when creating vodcasts to portray campus life and activities, less attention should be given to entertainment value, and more attention should be devoted to providing useful information in a manner that is credible and not irritating to students. Implications for researchers and practitioners are provided based on these results.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of selected customer perceived value factors on the consumer loyalty towards Mobile commerce in Malaysia towards fashion and apparel industry. This research mainly proposes on the integrated model of dependent variable loyalty of consumer behavior with six independent variables such as Efficiency, System availability, Fulfillment, price as perceived value elements. Explanatory research is adopted and data was collected using a questionnaire developed based on the past researches. The sample of 215 M-shoppers is collected using convenience sampling and then analyzed with help of AMOS 22 tool mainly verified normality, reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modelling and path analysis. Correlation Analysis has been carried out for the latent constructs of the SEM to find the strength of relationship between variables and through the Path Analysis R-square value obtained indicated that the model explains most of the variability of the response data around its mean. Then, significance of the SEM is obtained using the P-value in which the exogenous variables ‘Efficiency & Privacy’ are found to be significant with the ‘Perceived Value’ and one of the exogenous variable ‘Price’ is found to be significant directly with the endogenous variable ‘Loyalty’. Mediating effects were considered to find the direct effects of exogenous variables on endogenous variables. Efficiency, privacy and price are the three important factors that any fashion industry in M-commerce should consider before marketing its products through mobile applications. Thus, businesses developing M-Commerce can come out with suitable value proposition for their M-shoppers based on the findings of this research.

With the explosion of the Internet many firms are incorporating technology into their marketing and operations and are adopting a multichannel strategy. The impact of this strategy has been especially high in the services area, which has traditionally relied on close, personal contact between customers and employees. This study explores how overall customer loyalty is built as a consequence of the value provided by each channel (offline and online). It also analyzes the moderating role of complexity of services used and customers’ Internet access in the service value–loyalty link. The model is tested with a sample of 302 multichannel financial services customers who use both the offline (traditional) and the online channel. Results show that offline perceived service value increases online perceived value; offline value has a stronger effect on overall loyalty than online value; and online service complexity and Internet adoption moderate the influence of service value on overall loyalty. Implications for management and theory are discussed.► In a context of multichannel service customers, this study analyzes how value provided by each channel (offline and online) builds loyalty. ► It also analyzes the moderating role of complexity of services used and customers’ Internet access in the service value–loyalty link. ► Results from 302 multichannel financial services customers show that the offline value has a stronger effect on overall loyalty than online value.

Abstract This paper addresses how different store formats moderate the relationship between store image and purchase intention, mediated by brand awareness and perceived value. Questionnaire data was collected through face-to-face interviews with retail customers on the streets of a city in southern Brazil. Hypotheses testing were performed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling, supported by Smart-PLS and the Bootstrapping procedure run in the Process software. The model's sample included 298 retail customers for each store format (supermarket and mini-market). Results showed that store image positively impacted customer purchase intentions and the mediators, perceived value and brand awareness, which had a distinct effect on the direct relation of store image and purchase intention. Store format presented moderation effects on the relation between store image and brand awareness for both store formats: the higher the perception of store image, the greater the consumer's brand awareness. However, store format did not present a moderating effect on the relationship between brand awareness and purchase intention. Store image was found to be an important independent construct that improves brand awareness and increases perceived value. The number of mini-markets in Brazil is increasing, indicating that they are supplying a need unmet by supermarkets. The study design's implementation in the city streets, respondents were requested to imagine store image, which may have affected some of the parameters. The model integrated store image as an important construct influencing purchase behavior and this study presented a mediated-moderated model with managerial implications.

Purpose: This paper aims to examine salesperson skills, including listening, communication, and adaptive selling, that can enable value co-creation with customers and increase sales performance, while taking into consideration the contingent role of salesperson relationship-enhancing activities. Methodology: Survey and objective sales performance data were collected from 201 B2B salespeople in the industrial goods industry. The hypotheses were tested using PLS-SEM. Findings: The results show adaptive selling, listening, and communication of salespeople positively impact the behaviors of salespeople to co-create value with customers. The results show that when salespeople co-create value with customers, they will have a positive effect on sales performance. Results show how value co-creation mediates the effects of listening and adaptive selling on sales performance. Research Implications: Salespeople need to effectively listen to their customers to provide needed solutions by jointly working with them to co-create value. Similarly, a salesperson's communication and adaptive selling skills have collective impacts that positively contribute to the value co-creation process. Results supplement previous findings in the literature by showing value co-creation holds a positive effect on sales performance at the micro salesperson level. The results offer additional support to the ongoing dialog on the role of a salesperson as a value co-creator. Practical Implications: This study has identified several variables that engender successful cocreation by salespeople in B2B sales contexts. Findings demonstrate that salespeople who can adapt their selling approach, are good listeners, and can effectively communicate with customers can engender the value co-creation process with customers. The findings serve as a base to create professional guidelines about the skills and capabilities salespeople need to successfully execute a value co-creation process. Originality/Value: The study adds to the literature on value co-creation by highlighting three factors that can enhance the value co-creation process at the level of salespeople leading to better sales outcomes. This research adds the existing literature on the role of value co-creation in sales by empirically examining the relationship between value co-creation and sales performance at the salesperson level.