Coastal Communities

Sasi is a belief system, rules, and rituals that involve temporary prohibitions on the use of specific resources
or areas. Social, economic-political, and ecological pressures are the background for the dynamics of Sasi. This study
aimed to explain the impact of the Attitudes of the Coastal Community on Sasi Management in Leihitu District, Central
Maluku Regency. This research used a descriptive qualitative method, and it was conducted in the Leihitu sub-district,
Central Maluku district. The research location was selected by purposive sampling. The results showed that most of the
coastal communities in the Leihitu sub-district accepted/supported Sasi's implementation. The knowledge about Sasi and
communication affects the coast in the Leihitu sub-district, Central Maluku District. At the same time, the closing of the
Sasi distinguishes the implementation of Sasi. The opening of the Sasi is carried out by traditional, religious, or a
combination. The monitoring, accountability, and enforcement mechanisms carried out in traditional coastal resource
management are generally carried out within the community, with the community observing the violations that occur.

The current and projected impacts of climate change make understanding the environmental and social vulnerability of coastal communities and the planning of adaptations important international goals and national policy initiatives. Yet, coastal communities are concurrently experiencing numerous other social, political, economic, demographic and environmental changes or stressors that also need to be considered and planned for simultaneously to maintain social and environmental sustainability. There are a number of methods and processes that have been used to study vulnerability and identify adaptive response strategies. This paper describes the stages, methods and results of a modified community-based scenario planning process that was used for vulnerability analysis and adaptation planning within the context of multiple interacting stressors in two coastal fishing communities in Thailand. The four stages of community-based scenario planning included: (1) identifying the problem and purpose of scenario planning; (2) exploring the system and types of change; (3) generating possible future scenarios; and (4) proposing and prioritizing adaptations. Results revealed local perspectives on social and environmental change, participant visions for their local community and the environment, and potential actions that will help communities to adapt to the changes that are occurring. Community-based scenario planning proved to have significant potential as an anticipatory action research process for incorporating multiple stressors into vulnerability analysis and adaptation planning. This paper reflects on the process and outcomes to provide insights and suggest changes for future applications of community-based scenario planning that will lead to more effective learning, innovation and action in communities and related social–ecological systems.

The paper is essentially a synthesis report highlighting key areas of climate vulnerability as a global discourse based on reports from international conventions held over the years. Theoretically, it draws country and sector based scenarios on responses and constraints to climate adaptation. The literature is organized in phases, constituting a conceptual framework, evidence and trend of climate impacts, local ecosystem-based approach (EbA) to sustainable adaptation models, espoused across climate-sensitive sectors. The ultimate aim of this paper is to synthesize and develop a synthesis report on key determinants of climate vulnerability based on existing literature.

This thesis critically examines the current characteristics of the tourism industry in Peru. By taking the case of the coastal district of Mancora, Northern Peru, this study explores processes of place-making occurring in a context of neoliberal reform, whereby territories highly vulnerable to the ‘El Niño’ phenomenon are developed into tourist attractions. The approach of this thesis is interdisciplinary, using multi-sited ethnography and Critical Discourse Analysis as key instruments. The interpretative framework relies on anthropological theory about the nature and society interface; studies about socio-economic development, sustainable tourism and neoliberalism; debates concerning the socio-cultural elaboration of space, place, and identity in post- colonial societies; as well as literature on natural disasters.

By portraying tourism as an efficient tool for economic growth, businessmen and national elites are seeking to transform the identity of Northern Peru into an ‘attractive’ tourist destination. Whilst this is expected to develop rural populations and the nation, the overwhelming enthusiasm triggered by tourism revenues has widely neglected the socio-cultural and environmental impacts this industry generates and, more importantly, the cyclical exposure of this region to the ‘El Niño’ phenomenon. Recent occurrences of this natural event provoked millions of dollars worth of damage, severely hitting the economic development of the country. In a context of global warming, this thesis analyses how tourism and neoliberalism provoke changes in the concepts used to relate to the natural environment and place in post-colonial societies, thus increasing socio- cultural differences, raising conditions of vulnerability and threatening the identities of rural populations.

In particular, this multi-sited ethnography explores the process of place-making that developed the former fishing village of Mancora into a tourist destination and the socio- environmental problems prompted within this environmentally fragile territory. This is complemented with a critical analysis of the discourses that support tourism growth and an exploration of the role of the Peruvian state in governing the tourism industry and the use of natural resources. Ultimately, this thesis questions the current role of the tourism industry in developing Peruvian society and reflects on whether the current model of tourism development is increasing conditions of vulnerability of rural populations.

A B S T R A C T Seawater desalination is increasingly being pursued to address freshwater shortages. In California, multiple coastal seawater desalination facilities have been proposed to diversify water portfolios and to increase reliability of water supply. This paper explores local residents support for a newly constructed desalination plant in Carlsbad, a small coastal community in Southern California. The plant is the first high-capacity desalination facility in California and started operation in December 2015. We found strong support for the desalination plant as 71.9% of residents reported support for the plant. Only 15.5% of respondents were undecided indicating that residents had a clear opinion on the plant. Perceptions about local water resources were significant predictors of support. Attitudes may change over time if the state of water resources and perceptions thereof change. Expected outcomes of the plant also predicted support. An increase in available drinking wate...

Coastal communities, indigenous peoples, and small-scale fishers rely on the ocean for livelihoods, for subsistence, for wellbeing and for cultural continuity. Thus, understanding the human dimensions of the world’s peopled seas and coasts is fundamental to evidence-based decision-making across marine policy realms, including marine conservation, marine spatial planning, fisheries management, the blue economy and climate adaptation. This perspective article contends that the marine social sciences must inform the pursuit of sustainable oceans. To this end, the article introduces this burgeoning field and briefly reviews the insights that social science can offer to guide ocean and coastal policy and management. The upcoming United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) provides a tremendous opportunity to build on the current interest, need for and momentum in the marine social sciences. We will be missing the boat if the marine social sciences do not form an integral and substantial part of the mandate and investments of this global ocean science for sustainability initiative.

Perkembangan pariwisata bahari di Taka Bonerate mengalami pertumbuhan positif. Persoalan yang dihadapi kemudian adalah bagaimana pertumbuhan tersebut memberi dampak kepada masyarakat. Artikel ini menawarkan pendekatan partisipatif dengan melibatkan partisipasi bagi masyarakat lokal melalui kemitraan strategis dalam mengembangkan pariwisata bahari di Taman Nasional Taka Bonerate. Diharapkan tumbuhnya pariwisata berbasis masyarakat dapat memberikan nilai tambah bagi masyarakat di sekitar kawasan dan akhirnya dapat mengurangi kecenderungan perilaku destruktif dengan tersedianya alternatif mata pencaharian.

Good jobs and economic sustainability for coastal communities across the UK through a healthy marine environment. UK coastal communities rely on the ocean for food, jobs, and recreation. But as environmental and economic pressures grow, natural ecosystems are being pushed to their limit. We need a new vision for coastal communities, one that delivers good jobs and economic prosperity now and for future generations.

Policy-makers, development-practitioners, international organizations and academic scholars have over the years taken stern initiatives to tackle climate change issues. Climate adaptation along with various commitments and political will have given much weight to a growing concern of treating this global phenomenon with urgency. This study sought to determine the level of awareness and vulnerability to climate change and knowledge among coastal households and officials in Dansoman, within the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. The study adapted both qualitative and quantitative research strategies in data collection, analysis and presentation. Response from informants constituting officials from various institutions and vulnerable groups in the area were subjected to descriptive analytical statistics. Findings show high level of climate awareness among respondents but low level of knowledge on climate change issues. Results show that the majority of the respondents believe that climate change related issues and impacts are very serious and need Original Research Article Sarfo et al.; CJAST, 32(1): 1-14, 2019; Article no.CJAST.45659 2 urgent attention to avoid severe consequences on key economic sectors and food security. The researcher believes that the study will serve as a baseline exploratory study to inform decision on enhancing environmental education and campaign programs in the study area.

Juniperus macrocarpa is a threatened taxon growing on coastal areas of the Mediterranean region. A remarkable part of its
communities are included in Juniperion turbinatae, considered as priority habitats for conservation in the Habitats Directive
92/43 EEC. We have summarized the current status of this type of vegetation, including the described associations of this
alliance in order to analyse the variability of the syntaxa, based on its floristic composition and geographic distribution. The
available releve´s were arranged in a synthetic table and subjected to a detendred correspondence analysis. Two new
suballiances (Juniperenion turbinatae and Asparago orientalis-Juniperenion macrocarpae) have been proposed. A typological
classification of these communities with ecological and biogeographical diagnoses is given.

ABSTRAK

Kawasan pesisir pantai utara Jawa merupakan daerah yang rentan terhadap perubahan garis pantai. Pengaruh perubahan tata guna lahan dan fenomena kenaikan muka laut yang mengakibatkan perubahan garis pantai. Penelitian ini berjudul “Adaptasi dan Mitigasi Masyarakat Terhadap Banjir Rob di Desa Sriwulan Kecamatan Sayung Kabupaten Demak Provinsi Jawa Tengah”. Lokasi penelitian di daerah pesisir Kecamatan Sayung yang terkena genangan pasang (rob) yakni Desa Sriwulan. Pengambilan lokasi penelitian dengan pertimbangan bahwa daerah tersebut sedang mengalami proses degradasi lingkungan akibat genangan pasang (Rob). Waktu penelitian pada tanggal 1-3 Juli 2013. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui persepsi masyarakat terhadap Rob, menganalisis pola adaptasi dan mitigasi, dan merekomendasi strategi alternatif untuk adaptasi dan mitigasi. Pemilihan sampel untuk aspek fisik, biotik dan sosial di desa kajian menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel ditentukan berdasarkan kriteria perbedaan sosio-ekologi pada masing-masing desa. Teknik pengumpulan data sosial dilakukan dengan survei primer dan sekunder. Survei primer dilakukan dengan observasi lapangan dan wawancara. Sedangkan survei sekunder dilakukan dengan menelaah dokumen yang diperoleh dari instansi terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) masyarakat Sriwulan mengartikan rob sebagai kenaikan muka air laut yang terjadi secara alami, juga akibat penurunan muka tanah karena penggunaan galian sumur artesis, dan pembangunan yang tidak terkendali di sekitar pantai, 2) masyarakat Sriwulan sudah dapat beradaptasi dengan Rob yang hampir setiap hari menggenangi desa. Masyarakat yang relatif sejahtera mendirikan bangunan dua lantai atau lebih agar terhindar dari Rob. Masyarakat Sriwulan juga membangun talud-talud secara swadaya, yaitu menghimpun dana pembangunan dari masyarakat sendiri. Upaya mitigasi yang dilakukan masyarakat Sriwulan meliputi upaya struktural dan non struktural. Upaya struktural meliputi penanaman mangrove, pembuatan tanggul, dan pengoperasian pompa air. Adapun upaya non struktural yaitu pembentukan kelompok tani mangrove, dan pemantauan rutin melalui menara pantau, 3) Strategi adaptasi yang dilakukan antara lain mengubah mata pencaharian dari petani sawah menjadi petani tambak, membuat perahu (sampan), membeli bahan baku air minum “air gunung”, melakukan penimbunan (urugan) untuk menaikkan pondasi bangunan dan membangun rumah panggung, 4. Strategi mitigasi yang dilakukan antara lain membuat jalur dan titik evakuasi, memperbaiki kondisi jalan dengan betonisasi, memperbaiki sistem drainase, menanam mangrove serta membuat sistem peringatan dini.

Kata Kunci : Rob, Adaptasi, Mitigasi, Strategi Adaptasi, Strategi Mitigasi

The disasters of 3.11 2011 were of a scale not seen in living memory in Japan.  In the aftermath of the four disasters (earthquake, tsunami, nuclear meltdown, and damage by rumors), governmental policies and social networks evolved to aid coastal residents throughout the impacted region in their return to productive lives.  Yet the ways communities were impacted and responded vary significantly from place to place. 
One of the most contentious issues in the disaster aftermath surrounds public policies impacting the rebuilding of homes and businesses in the “danger zone.”  Rebuilding and revitalizing neighborhoods is difficult and made even more so by the diversity of opinions: older residents often desire to return, while younger residents want to move to higher ground. 
This chapter explores one coastal community’s plans for rebuilding and revitalizing their neighborhoods, focusing on the role public policy plays in helping or hindering them in the rebuilding process.  Town officials must balance limits imposed upon them from the national and prefectural governments, the desires of their residents, and limitations in available land.

A B S T R A C T Seawater desalination is increasingly being pursued to address freshwater shortages. In California, multiple coastal seawater desalination facilities have been proposed to diversify water portfolios and to increase reliability of water supply. This paper explores local residents support for a newly constructed desalination plant in Carlsbad, a small coastal community in Southern California. The plant is the first high-capacity desalination facility in California and started operation in December 2015. We found strong support for the desalination plant as 71.9% of residents reported support for the plant. Only 15.5% of respondents were undecided indicating that residents had a clear opinion on the plant. Perceptions about local water resources were significant predictors of support. Attitudes may change over time if the state of water resources and perceptions thereof change. Expected outcomes of the plant also predicted support. An increase in available drinking water was a positive predictor, while environmental and social impacts were negative predictors. Economic impacts in terms of an increase in the price of water did not influence local support. Ethnicity and age were the only socio-demographic variables that had an effect on support suggesting that the socio-demographic profile of a community may not be a good predictor of community support or rejection of this water supply technology.

Access, defined as the ability to use and benefit from available marine resources or areas of the ocean or coast, is important for the well-being and sustainability of coastal communities. In Canada, access to marine resources and ocean spaces is a significant issue for many coastal and Indigenous communities due to intensifying activity and competition in the marine environment. The general trend of loss of access has implications for these communities, and for Canadian society. In this review and policy perspective, we argue that access for coastal and Indigenous communities should be a priority consideration in all policies and decision-making processes related to fisheries and the ocean in Canada. This paper reviews how access affects the well-being of coastal communities, factors that support or undermine access, and research priorities to inform policy. Recommended actions include: ensuring access is transparently considered in all ocean-related decisions; supporting research ...

Comisión Colombiana del Océano
COLCIENCIAS
Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación
Dirección General Marítima
Escuela Naval de Cadetes “Almirante Padilla”
Escuela Naval de Suboficiales “ARC Barranquilla”
Universidad de Antioquia
Universidad de Medellín
Universidad del Atlántico
Universidad del Norte
Universidad del Valle
Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano
Universidad Nacional sede Medellín
Universidad Sergio Arboleda sede Santa Marta

The UK’s fishing industry has contracted considerably since 1972 due to overfishing, increased fuel prices, and implementation of the European Union (EU) Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). Despite this decline affecting the industry at large and the incomes of fishers, some fishers have carried on, or even freshly started or returned to the business. Why have these fishers done so despite the challenges they encounter in the fishing industry? In this article, we investigate why some fishers still choose to fish in the wake of all the EU regulations designed to control overfishing by reducing the size of the industry and discouraging entry by taking measures that affect revenues. Our data are collected through ethnographic research involving participant observation and interviews with fishers in North Shields, England. Based on our findings, we argue that the decision to carry on fishing, or even to return, is predominantly based on so-called intrinsic motivations, rather than on cost-be...

Access, defined as the ability to use and benefit from available marine resources or areas of the ocean or coast, is important for the well-being and sustainability of coastal communities. In Canada, access to marine resources and ocean spaces is a significant issue for many coastal and Indigenous communities due to intensifying activity and competition in the marine environment. The general trend of loss of access has implications for these communities, and for Canadian society. In this review and policy perspective, we argue that access for coastal and Indigenous communities should be a priority consideration in all policies and decision-making processes related to fisheries and the ocean in Canada. This paper reviews how access affects the well-being of coastal communities, factors that support or undermine access, and research priorities to inform policy. Recommended actions include: ensuring access is transparently considered in all ocean-related decisions; supporting research ...

Coastal communities all over the world are experiencing unprecedented alterations from climate change. Unlike what most people would guess, coastal communities have not advanced much in their preparedness for a climate that is changing fast, despite their extensive exposure to climate hazards. If not true worldwide, at least that is what is happening in the majority of small and medium communities in the coast of New England, in the Northeast of US. This article explores data collected in a web survey conducted with city officials of coastal communities in the states of Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine, aiming to verify barriers to address climate change adaptation at the local level. The results of the survey showed many simi-larities between the challenges experienced by these small coastal communities. We suggest that, in presenting the main themes of the research, including special attention to the barriers encountered, this knowledge can contribute to the creation of a more climate-friendly region, thus helping to design and implement future climate change policies at the local level.

This paper presents an integrated spreadsheet model of the biological, social, and economic attributes of the international groundfishery on the Grand Banks in NAFO Divisions 3LNO. The historical involvement of the fisheries is traced from 1972 to the present. The model explores the impacts of the fishery on: (1) the status of six key Grand Banks groundfish stock populations, (2)

The impacts of climate change are surging and the bitter result are expressed whole over the world. Bangladesh has blessed with diversifying agriculture and fisheries is one of the most economical potential sector. Based on fieldwork, this study identifies how the climate change impacts on the livelihood and socio-economic condition of Hilsa fisher and how they struggle with the incidents linked with climate change in Kuakata coastal belt, Patuakhali, Bangladesh. To collect empirical data, interview and group discussion were conducted among 50 Hilsa fisher. The data indicates the major natural disasters tropical storms, cyclones, fluctuation in temperature and rainfall which is result of climatic alteration and these causes the fishers significant losses are house and boat damage, net loss, uproot of trees. They survive on income of overfishing even illegal fishing in banning season, relief from government and NGO’s, loan for repairing boat, house and net. Adaptation is common on this area as Hilsa fisher reconstruct the physical capital (building safe house, repair of boat), natural capital (tree plantation, vegetable culture) and in long term, they are trying to educate their children’s. Based on scientific research and data, the research analysis has crucial points should to solve for the surviving of Hilsa fisher against climatic change with sustainable way as Hilsa contain an economical traditional and cultural sign. From the documentation, climate resilient culture technique, insurance of fishing capital, loan facilities on easy term, educating the community, create awareness on savings are crucial for the Hilsa fisher.

This paper presents an integrated spreadsheet model of the biological, social, and economic attributes of the international groundfishery on the Grand Banks in NAFO Divisions 3LNO. The historical involvement of the fisheries is traced from 1972 to the present. The model explores the impacts of the fishery on: (1) the status of six key Grand Banks groundfish stock populations, (2) the economics of the international commercial fishery, especially as experienced by Canada, Spain and Portugal, and (3) the social status of Atlantic Canadian coastal communities dependent on the Grand Banks fishery. Groundfish catches in the Grand Banks NAFO Regulatory Area (NRA) are used to estimate the implications on the annual integrated (harvesting and processing) economic per-formance of the fishing fleets. Social impacts of the fisheries on the labour opportunities in Canadian communities are also analysed. The integrated spreadsheet model is used to explore the impacts on stocks, fisheries, and com...